1. Jefri Chandra Runanda

2. What is polymer????
 poly meaning „many“ and meres
meaning „parts“
 is a large molecule (macromolecule)
built up by the repetition of small
chemical units
 Is a long molecule which contains a
chain of atoms held together by
covalent bonding
 Commonly people usually know polymer
as plastic

3. Basic Concept
 [ ] repeating unit
 The structure of the
repeating unit is not
exactly the same as
that of the monomer
even though both
possess identical
atoms occupying
The conversion of the similar relative
monomer to the positions
polymer involves a  The residue from the
rearrangement of monomer employed in
electrons. the preparation of a
polymer is referred to
as the structural unit
Contains a double bond ... Opening so  For homopolymer,
that literally thousands of styrene repeating unit =
molecules become linked together structural unit
A monomer: any molecule that can be
converted to a polymer by combining
with other molecules of the same or
different type

4. Polymer Architecture
 Based of their architecture polimer
can be classified as linier, branched
and cross-link

6. Linear Polymer
 Linear polymer have the structural
units are arranged in a linear sequence

7. Branched Polymer
 Branched polymer have a branch in
main chain.
 Branched polymer may have short and
long branches
 Branched polymers include comblike
and star polymers
 If the branch is extensive may lead to
dendritic structure

8. Cross-linked polymers
 Crosslinked polymers are formed by
polymer chains linked together
forming a three dimensional network.
 They are characterized by
crosslinking density

9. Polymerization Process
 Chain Growth Polymerization
 Step-Growth Polymerization

10. Chain Growth Polymerization
 In chain growth polymerization,
monomers can only join active chain.
 Monomers usually contain carbon-
carbon double bond..
 The activity of the chains is
generated by either a catalyst or an
initiator..
 Chain growth polymerization can be
split into a few groups

11. Coordination Polymerization
 Coordination
polymerization are
carried out on a
suitble catalyst and
proceed by an
insertion mechanism,
in which the
monomer units are
inserted between
the catalytic site and
the growing polymer
chain...

12. Free Radical Polymerization
 in free radical polymerization, the active
center is a free radical (very reactive
species that contain an unpaired
electron) created from an initiator and
polymerization proceed by addition of
monomer units to the active end of the
growing polymer chain that in the course
of polymerization separates from the
bound initiator fragment.

13. Free Radical Polymerization

14. Anionic Polymerization
 Anionic polymerization requires the
presence of initiators thta provide
the initiator anions

15. Anionic Polymerization

16. Step Growth Polymerization
 Condensation polymers were those
polymers that were
 formed from polyfunctional monomers
by the various condensation reactions
of organic
 chemistry with the elimination of
some small molecule such as water.

17. Step growth polymerization

18. Step growth Polymerization
 All step growth polymerization fall into
two groups depending on the type of
monomer employed. The first one implies
the use of at least two bifunctional
and/or polyfunctional monomers, each
one possesing a single type of active
group.
 The monomers involved in this type of
reaction are often represented as A-A
and B-B, where A and B are the
different reactive groups

19. Step Growth Polymerization
 the second type of step growth
polymerization involves the use of
monomers with different functional
groups in the same molecule, are often
represented as A-B type monomers.

20. Step Growth Polymerization