Principles of Design Lecture, With examples of each principle,

1. Elements of Design -V
Principles of Design
Elements of Design -V
Principles of Design
Siva Ganesh Babu M.Sc., M.B.A

2. Learning ObjectiveLearning Objective
• Understand and Define the Principles of Design
• Use the Principles of Design for Designing and
Choosing clothing's.

3. Principles of DesignPrinciples of Design
• The rules that Governs the
arrangement of Elements of Design for
Intended Purpose.

4. Principles of DesignPrinciples of Design
• Proportion
• Balance
• Rhythm• Rhythm
• Emphasis
• Harmony

5. Elements and Principles of Design :Elements and Principles of Design :
RelationshipRelationship
Elements
of
Design
Principles
of
Design
Harmony
Lines
Colors
Shape
Form
Patterns
Proportion
Balance
Rhythm
Emphasis
Tools Rules

6. Principles of Design: ProportionPrinciples of Design: Proportion
• Refers to how the size of one part relates
to the size of the other part.
• It also related to how the size of one• It also related to how the size of one
item relates to the whole outfit.
• Example: Out of Proportion
• A sweater that comes down past knees
of the wearer.
• Huge handbag on a small woman.

7. Principles of Design: ProportionPrinciples of Design: Proportion
1:2
2:3
Bad
Good

8. Principles of Design: ProportionPrinciples of Design: Proportion
Golden Ratio
• The golden ratio occurs in nature, and
is a mathematical formula used by
artists, designers, architects, and evenartists, designers, architects, and even
musicians in creating beauty.
• Effective Ratios are 2:3, 1:1.618, 3:5,
5:8, 8:13, 4:7, etc.
• Ratios 1:1, 2:4 are boring and adds
bulk

9. Principles of Design: ProportionPrinciples of Design: Proportion
• Flattens the variations in body proportions that
occur due to bone structure and uneven weight
distribution.distribution.
• Clothing proportions can be manipulated using the
elements of design to visually alter body
proportions and created an illusion about the figure.
• Naturally human body is divided into 3:5 as head to
waist is 3 and Wait to ball of the foot is 5

10. Principles of Design: ProportionPrinciples of Design: Proportion

11. Principles of Design: ProportionPrinciples of Design: Proportion
Out of Proportion

12. 1
Principles of Design: ProportionPrinciples of Design: Proportion
1
1
2
3
1
1

13. • The ratio of one part
to the whole.
Principles of Design: Proportion
• Things just look right.

14. • The ratio of one part
to the whole.
• Things just look right.
Principles of Design: Proportion
• Things just look right.

15. Proportion Portfolio WorkProportion Portfolio Work
• Choose two pictures of full length designs.
• Cut neatly and paste it on a piece of paper
Find the proportion of the outfit with the help of a ruler.• Find the proportion of the outfit with the help of a ruler.
• Draw box and lines on top of the design, using a pen that can be seen.
Label with numbers the divisions
• Highlight on how does the proportion add interest i.e help the figure or detract
from the figure.

16. Proportion Portfolio WorkProportion Portfolio Work

17. Principles of Design: BalancePrinciples of Design: Balance
• A sense of Equilibrium or Visual Weight
• The distribution of weight or Force within a composition.
• Balance means it has equal visual weight on both sides• Balance means it has equal visual weight on both sides
• It must be equally visually interesting on either side of an imaginary line
• Achieved with color, line, form and/or texture
• The imaginary lines occur vertically down the center of the body and
horizontally at the waist

18. Principles of Design: Balance
• Symmetrical
 Achieved by placing
identical objects on
either side of a central
• Asymmetrical
 Achieved by placing
different objects of
equal visual weight oneither side of a central
point.
equal visual weight on
either side of a central
point.

19. Principles of Design: BalancePrinciples of Design: Balance
• Formal Balance
 When the spaces on each side of a garment look
just the same.
 Gives a formal or tailored look.
 Ex: a shirt with two identical sides divided but a center
front closing.
 Ex: a skirt with a center front seam that divides two
similar sides.

20. Principles of Design: BalancePrinciples of Design: Balance
• Informal Balance
• The design is balanced, but each side is different
in some way.in some way.
• This type of balance tends to draw attention to a
particular area.

21. Radial BalanceRadial Balance
• Radial Balance involves having
furnishings or patterns arranged in
circulara circularmanner.
• Radiation creates a sweeping,
dramatic, circular motion in a
Dress

22. Radial Balance

23. Principles of Design: Balance ? !!!Principles of Design: Balance ? !!!

24. Principles of Design: RhythmPrinciples of Design: Rhythm
• The Feeling of Movement in Design
Created by Line, Shape or color. (E.O.D)
• It is Achieved by• It is Achieved by
 Repetition
 Gradation
 Radiation
 Opposition
 Transition

25. Principles of Design: RhythmPrinciples of Design: Rhythm
• Repetition: When Design Element is
repeated.

26. Principles of Design: RhythmPrinciples of Design: Rhythm
• Gradation
Light
to
Dark
Thin to
Thick
Small to
Large

27. Principles of Design: RhythmPrinciples of Design: Rhythm
• Radiation

28. Principles of Design: RhythmPrinciples of Design: Rhythm
• Opposition
• When lines meet to form a right angle
 Checks and plaids
 Square necklines
 Square pockets

29. Principles of Design: RhythmPrinciples of Design: Rhythm
• Transition
• Continuous line movement created by a line of
shapes, colors, or textural trims.shapes, colors, or textural trims.
• Examples: Princess seamlines, Contrasting
piping around the collar and down the center
front to the hemline

30. Principles of Design: EmphasisPrinciples of Design: Emphasis
• Focal Point of Attraction, where eye rests
• Creates a Center of Interest.
• Two or more focal point creates confusionTwo or more focal point creates confusion
• Though there might be more points of Emphasis,
eye moves to the dominant one.

31. Principles of Design: HarmonyPrinciples of Design: Harmony
• A Perfect Balance between Variety and Unity
• Variety: Things that are different.
– When the design has differences to create interest
• Unity: Things that are similar
– A sense of completeness, when nothing is missing, left out or undone
• The design elements (line, color, form and texture) fit the
personality of the wearer and suit each other
• A design must be well balanced, have a sense of rhythm, and
be in good proportion to achieve harmony

32. Principles of Design: HarmonyPrinciples of Design: Harmony
• Unity
• The design is seen as “whole”.
• Unity can be achieved through matching and• Unity can be achieved through matching and
coordinating

33. Principles of Design: HarmonyPrinciples of Design: Harmony
• Variety
• Variety relieves monotony by giving the eye a
number of different details to look at.

34. How is harmony achieved?How is harmony achieved?
• Unity: repetition of red and black
Principles of Design: HarmonyPrinciples of Design: Harmony
• Unity: repetition of red and black
• Variety: texture below the skirt,
flower above

35. How is harmony achieved?How is harmony achieved?
• Unity – gray throughout, fitted,
repeating lines
Principles of Design: HarmonyPrinciples of Design: Harmony
repeating lines
• Variety – bows add interest,
slit in front

36. • Unity: neutral colors, vertical lines,
brown repeated in shoes
Principles of Design: HarmonyPrinciples of Design: Harmony
• Variety: belt-horizontal line

37. Harmony PortfolioHarmony Portfolio
• Choose one picture of a GOOD design.
• Cut out nicely, glue to a white piece of paper.
Principles of Design: Harmony PortfolioPrinciples of Design: Harmony Portfolio
• Cut out nicely, glue to a white piece of paper.
• On the back of the paper write the following:
– The elements of design that create variety
– The elements of design that create unity
– Write how they work together to create a good design.