3. Demam : Suhu tubuh meningkat diatas normal. Suhu tubuh normal 36,5 – 37,2ºC. Hiperpireksia : > 42 ºC. Hipotermia : < 35 ºC. Etiologi : - Kelainan otak - Bahan toksik ( Keduanya mempengaruhi pusat pengaturan tempeatur di hipotalamus / set point )

6. Role of Acetyl CoA Acetyl CoA polysaccharides monosaccharides lipids fatty acids proteins amino acids fatty acids triglcerides and phospholipids ketone bodies citric acid cycle CO 2 + H 2 O + ATP cholesterol bile salts steroids

10. ATP and ADP O - O P P O P O - O - O OH OH N N N N O P O O O ADP O OH OH N N N N O P O O O - O ATP It takes energy to put on the third phosphate. Energy is released when it is removed. ADP - ATP conversions act as a major method of transferring energy. O - CH 2 NH 2 O - CH 2 NH 2 O -

11. ATP and ADP O - O P P O P O - O - O OH OH N N N N O P O O O ADP O OH OH N N N N O P O O O - O ATP It takes energy to put on the third phosphate. Energy is released when it is removed. ADP - ATP conversions act as a major method of transferring energy. O - CH 2 NH 2 O - CH 2 NH 2 O -

12. Energy, ATP and the Movement of Phosphate ATP ADP ADP phosphoenolpyruvate 1,3-diphosphoglycerate creatine phosphate glucose-1-phosphate fructose-6-phosphate glucose-6-phosphate P Energy P P P P P

18. Electron Transport Chain CoQ Cyt b FP Fe-S Cyt c 1 Cyt c Cyt a,a 3 Fe-S NADH + H + FADH 2 4 H + + 4 e - + O 2 2 H 2 O FP flavoprotein Fe-S iron-sulfur protein CoQ coenzyme Q Cyt cytochromes. Structurally related proteins that each contain iron inner membrane space of mitochondria inner membrane

19. Components of the Electron Transport Chain cytochrome c flavoprotein

21. ATP Synthase and the F 1 Complex H + H + H + H + H + H + H + H + H + H + H + H + H + H + H + ADP + P i ATP Electron Transport Chain F 1 -ATPase complex Inner mitochondrial membrane Outer mitochondrial membrane

22. ATP Synthase and the F 1 Complex In this step, the H + concentration difference between the mitochondrial matrix and the intermembrane space is what provides the energy to produce ATP . Steps consist of H + Transport movement of H + F 1 Event production of ATP

24. Energy Yield 30 - 32 ATP / glucose Glycolysis Mitochondria Glucose Pyruvate Oxidative phosphorylation 6 NADH+ 2 FADH 2 2 NADH 2 NADH 2 ATP 2 ATP 26-28 ATP Acetyl CoA 2 GTP

26. Use of Amino Acids and Fatty Acids Fats and protein can also be used by the body as a source of energy. Not as easily used as carbohydrates. Liver glycogen glucose-6-P pyruvate Amino Acids or Fatty Acids