Renal failure

Types ,[object Object],[object Object]

Acute renal failure ,[object Object],[object Object]

RENAL DISEASE – CLINICAL FEATURES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Types ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pre-renal ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Intra-renal ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Post-renal ,[object Object],[object Object]

Pathogenesis ,[object Object],[object Object]

Renal Tubular Injury in ATN Loss of polarity and brush border Normal epithelium with brush border

Cell death -apoptosis and necrosis Sloughing of dead and viable cells - luminal obstruction

Spread and de-differentiation of viable cells Proliferation, differentiation and reestablishment of polarity Normal epithelium with brush border

Urinary abnormalities ,[object Object]

Other abnormalities ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Prevention and treatment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Dialysis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Chronic Renal Failure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

present absent Metabolic bone disease present absent Anemia small normal to large Kidney size polyuria oliguria Urine output polyuria, polydipsia recent drug administration, toxin exposure,surgery/hypovolemia History Chronic Renal failure Acute renal failure

Etiology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Stages ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Stages ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Stages ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Stages ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],

Pathogenesis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Intact nephron hypothesis ,[object Object],[object Object]

Trade off hypothesis ,[object Object],[object Object]

Glomerular hyperfiltration hypothesis ,[object Object],[object Object]

Alterations of metabolism and function ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Disorders of Urine ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Disorders of Water and Sodium balance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Disorders of Potassium balance ,[object Object],[object Object]

Metabolic Acidosis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Renal Azotemia ,[object Object],[object Object]

Renal Hypertension ,[object Object],[object Object]

Calcium, Phosphate and bone metabolism ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Renal anemia and bleeding tendency ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Etiology & Pathogenesis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Urea & other small m.w. molecules ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Middle molecules ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Polypeptide hormones ,[object Object],[object Object]

Alterations of metabolism and function ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Neuromuscular ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cardiovascular and pulmonary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Hematological ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Gastro intestinal ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Endocrine and metabolic ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Dermatologic ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Prevention & treatment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

dialysate out dialysate in Process of CAPD

Renal failure

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Renal failure