Health education is an important component of community health nursing and every health care provider need to know about health education. how they educate the individuals, families and communities.
health education is included in nursing and all allied health education services and disciplines.
All health care providers including doctors, nurses, paramedics and others health care providers also know about the aims, objectives & purposes, methods and models of health education.
3. At the completion of this unit, students will be able to:
1. Define the following terms;
Teaching Learning Health education
2. Explain the purpose and goal of health education
3. Discuss principles of teaching learning
4. Describe various strategies, which can be used to deliver
health education
5. Develop a teaching Plan and conduct mock health
session on a selected topic
4.
5. 1. Teaching is a inter-personal influence aimed
at changing the behaviour potential of other
person.
2. Teaching is perceived as stimulating, guiding
the learner and evaluate the learning
outcomes of learners
3. Teaching is imparting knowledge or skills.
6.
7.
8. Relatively permanent change in behaviour that
occur at a result of experience.
A cognitive process of transforming information
and experience into a relatively permanent change
in ones skills, knowledge, behaviour and attitude.
9.
10.
11. The practice of instructing peoples and communities in the
principles of hygiene in ways of avoiding disease is very
ancient one.
An elementary study of the history of medicine reveals
that since time immemorial, it has been considered a
necessity to instruct communities in health matters for
their protection and survival.
12. WHO Definition:-
• Process of providing information and advice
related to healthy lifestyle and encouraging the
development of knowledge, attitudes and skills
aimed at behaviour change of individuals or
communities.
13. Definition
Enables and influences control over own´s health
leading to optimization of attitudes and habits related to
lifestyle and increasing quality of life.
Health education is a process aimed at encouraging
people to want to be healthy, to know how to stay
healthy, to do what they can individually and
collectively to maintain health and to seek help when
needed.
14. “Health education is the process by which
individuals and group of people learn to,
“• Promote • Maintain • Restore health.
“Education for health begins with people as they
are, with whatever interests they may have in
improving their living conditions”.
15.
16. Educating people to have healthier lifestyles so they
can AVOID disease
• Health Education aims to: - inform people through
knowledge- change unhealthy attitudes- change
unhealthy behaviors
• Its REALLY difficult to get people to change their
attitudes and behaviour!
17. “Health education a process aimed at
encouraging people to want to be healthy,
to do what they can individually &
collectively to maintain health and, to
seek help when needed”.
18. Health education was declared one of the
eight essential components of primary health
care in 1978 at the Alma Ata conference
19.
20.
21. Health promotion aims to influence the
behaviors of people and organizations so that
they change their lifestyles and accept their
responsibility in causing health problems for
others (for example, smoking in public and
drunk driving).
22. Health promotion takes the shape of
advertisements that try to exert influence on
the social behaviors of people and also to
make them understand the importance of
healthy behaviors and attitudes.
23. Health promotion tries to shift the focus of
responsibility from governments and health
professionals to organizations and people by
raising the levels of awareness about diseases
and prevention of diseases through healthy
behaviors and attitudes
24.
25.
26. Health promotion and disease prevention.
Early diagnosis and management.
Utilization of available health services.
To impact desirable health practices.
27. To develop positive attitude towards health.
To improve the school and community health
status.
To educate community about the prevalence of
superstitions and prejudices.
28. 1. To make health an assets valued by the
community.
2. To increase knowledge of the factors that affect
health.
3. To encourage behavior which promotes &
maintains health.
29. 4. To enlist support for public health measures, and
when necessary, to press for appropriate
governmental action.
5. To encourage appropriate use of health services
especially preventive services.
6. To inform the public about medical advances,
their uses and their limitations.
30.
31.
32. Credibility
Interest.
Participation.
Proceed from known to
unknown.
Comprehension.
Reinforcement by
repetition.
Motivation
Interaction
Learning by doing
Role Model & Leaders
Setting an Example
Innovation
33. Credibility it is the
degree by which the
message to be
communicated is
perceived as trustworthy
by the receiver.
34. It is a psychological
principle that people
are unlikely to listen
to those things which
are not to their
interest
35. Health Education aimed
to encourage people to
work actively with
health workers & others
in identifying their own
health problems & also
in developing solutions
& plans to work
together
45. To assess the patients learning needs.
To establish the teaching and learning
objectives.
To constitute the teaching plan.
To implement the teaching plan.
To evaluate the teaching and learning.
46.
47.
48. Health education allows people to take care
of themselves.
Gives information needed to make informed
decisions about health and lifestyle.
Helps in building healthy individuals and
society.
49. Leads to improve physical, mental and social
health.
Provides timely information about diseases
and protects society.
Emphasis on healthy child rearing practices
resulting in healthy adults.
50.
51. UNICEF has drawn up the following basic list of
health information which it believes every family
has a right to know:
Child spacing Breast feeding
Safe motherhood Immunization
Weaning and child growth Diarrheal diseases
House hygiene
52. Ignorance about the value of breast feeding beyond the first
year.
Misconceptions about weaning.
Ignorance of the appropriateness of certain diets for infant
and pregnant women.
Traditional food allocation pattern in certain families.
Nutritional education is the major intervention for the
prevention of malnutrition, promotion of health and improving
the quality of life
53. A- Personal Hygiene
To promote standard of personal cleanliness
within the condition where people live. It
includes: Bathing, clothing, washing hands and
toilet; care of nails, feet and teeth, spitting,
coughing, sneezing etc.
54. I- Domestic Hygiene
It comprises of home, use of soap, need for fresh air, light
and ventilation, hygienic disposal of wastes, etc.
II- Community Hygiene
It include improvement of basic sanitary services
consisting of water supply, disposal of human excreta and
other wastes, vector control food sanitation etc.
55. To promote family‟s self reliance
especially regarding child bearing, child
rearing, self care and in influencing their
children adopt a healthy life style.
56. Education of the people about the prevention
and control of locally endemic diseases is
the first of eight essential activities in
primary health care.
57. The aim of education in mental health is to
help people to keep mentally b healthy and
to learn to enjoy their relationship with
others.
58. Accidents are the feature of the complexity of
the modern life. Accidents occurs in three main
areas: the home, road and the place of work.
Safety education should be directed to these
areas. The predominant factor in accidents is
carelessness and the problem can be tackled
through health education.
59. Many people particularly in rural areas do not
know what health services are available in their
community. One of the declared aims of health
education is to inform the people about the
health services that are available in the
community and how they can utilize them.
60.
61. People are sanitized regarding an emergent issue and
messages like, “AIDS causes death”, Pakistan has the highest
prevalence of polio in this region and it can make a person
handicap”, etc.
Positive message should be used but in our country both
positive & negative message can bring the message to
immediate notice of people, and it is better for illiterate
people also. If people are sensitized they become more
receptive to health education.
62. Media and all possible means of advertising
are used for providing information to the
public on the subject.
The idea in this stage is that people discuss
among themselves and become more
knowledgeable.
63. Education for the disinterested and illiterate
people of Pakistan.
Education through community influential
personnel like imam masjid, school teacher etc.
The local leaders should be educated first and
then they in their own words can educate other
people.
In this stage, campaigns may be going on TV or
Papers, etc.
64. The attitude of people towards their own good
health changes.
The people who have achieved the health
changes and are happy with themselves, then
motivate others.
65. Adequate knowledge is provided to the people and
they have developed a positive attitude towards the
healthy change, their action in the right direction
have to be aided through urging them to change the
behaviour.
It is believed that once the motivation is incited, the
action in the right direction takes place and that
further motivates the individual and families to
continue such behaviour.
66. After the achievement of all these stages, the
whole community is then transformed into a
healthy community e.g. smoking previously, it
was considered normal and no one objected on
other smokers in parties or public places. Now
people avoid smoking in front of other family
members.
Eating and selling of chewing gum is prohibited
in Singapore. Punishment is there for seller and
no shopkeeper could afford it.
67.
68.
69.
70. Individual Approach
◦ Counseling.
◦ Clinic Consultation.
◦ On-site Visit.
Group Approach Lectures.
◦ Group Or Panel Discussion.
◦ Workshop, Seminars.
72. 1- Doctors and nurses, who are in direct contact
with patients and their relatives, have opportunities
for much individual health education. The topic
selected should be relevant to the situation. For
instance, a mother who has come for delivery
should be told about child birth-not about malaria
eradication.
73. 2- The biggest advantage of individual health
teaching is that we can discuss, argue and
persuade the individual to change his behaviour.
The disadvantage is that the numbers we reach
are small.
74. The groups are many – mothers, school children, patients,
industrial workers – to whom we can direct health
teaching. The choice of subject in group health teaching is
very important; it must relate directly to the interest of the
group. For instance, mothers may be taught about baby
care; school children about oral hygiene; a group of TB
patients about tuberculosis, and industrial workers about
accidents.
77. Dissemination of health information based on
scientific facts.
In this model social, cultural and
psychological factors were thought to be little
or no importance.
Did not bridge the gap between knowledge
and behavior.
78. Motivational model of health education
conceptualizes that people are motivated to
change behavior to healthy practices, when a
particular health behavior addresses or arouse
their „need‟.
In other word, needs and wants of the
individuals have to be tackled by framing an
incentive plan.
79. Interpersonal communication (friends, groups,
technical persons) is vital to lend support to his
decision making Internalization.
New ideas or acquired behavior which
becomes part of a persons own existing values
80. In some situations it is not the individual who needs to
be changed but the social environment which shapes the
behavior of the individual & community.
An effective health education model is based on precise
knowledge of human ecology & understanding of the
social interaction between the cultural, biological,
physical & social environmental factors.
81. School, Home and family health
Community, Mental Health
Hospital and disease prevention and control
Nutrition, Human biology
Emergency and first aid
Use of health services
82. A set of statements that describes package of
services intended to accomplish a particular
purpose.
84. The program planning process consist of several
steps:-
Review the results of the communities needs
assessment.
Define the program goals and objectives.
Develop a program plan.
Develop a management system.
Identify funding resources.
Implement the program.
Evaluate program elements and effectiveness.
85. Provide opportunities for people to learn about
health related problems.
Make health and health-related information easily
accessible to the community.
Indicate to people alternative solutions for health
problems.
People must have access to proven preventive
measures.
86. It is a process of inquiry into the performance
of a program. It can be classified as follows:
1. Formative evaluation
2. Summative evaluation
.
87. Formative evaluation
It is the process that
goes on all through the
implementation phase of
the program.
Summative evaluation
It is the formal
evaluation done at the
end of the program
88. There are three main levels / approaches for
evaluation
1. Evaluation of structure and organization
2. Evaluation of the process
3. Evaluation of the result or products
89. 1. Evaluation of structure and organization
For example: staff members, case load,
salaries and training of personnel.
2. Evaluation of the process
That is what processes were used and how
good or bad were they. The best index is how
well the people participated.
90. 3. Evaluation of the result or products
tools used for evaluation are :
records, diaries, interviews, and
observation schedules. Evaluation may
be intermediate, terminal or both.
91. • References
• World Health Organization - http://www.who.int/topics/health_education/en/
• National Institute of Public Health Prague – http://www.szu.czhttp://www.szu.cz
• Health promotion and health education in practice / Leo Baric. – ltrincham,
England: Barns Publication, 1994. -Module 1: Definition of problems and choice of
solutions. -Module 2: The organizational model. -Module 3: Research, evaluation
and auditing. - 624p.
• James F. McKenzie, Brad L. Neiger& Rosemary Thackeray (2012) Planning,
Implementing, & Evaluating Health Promotion
• 2-Donald J. Breckon, John R. Harvey & R. Brick Lancaster (1998) Community
Health Education: Settings, Roles, and Skills for the 21st Century [Hardcover]
92. Please consult following books As well:-
1. Community Health Nursing by BT
Basvanthappa
2. Excel Community Medicine by Dr Naveed
Alam
3. Public Health and Community Medicine by
Muhammad Iliyas
4. Community Medicine by K Park
5. Foundation of Community Health Nursing
by Marcia Stanhope & jeanette Lancaster
