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Meniscus Transplants Kevin R. Stone, MD Ann W. Walgenbach, RNNP  Wendy S. Adelson, MS Jonathan R. Pelsis, MHS Stone Research Foundation San Francisco
The Aging Knee Pediatric  Normal Adult  OA Adult
The Knee Joint
Meniscus   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The Problem
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The Goal
Meniscus Transplantation:  Indications ,[object Object],[object Object]
Supporting Studies: Sizing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Meniscal Sizing Based on Gender, Height, and Weight
The Three-Tunnel Technique Replacing the Meniscus Stone KR, Walgenbach AW. “Meniscal Allografting: the Three-Tunnel Technique.”  Arthroscopy – The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery. 2003, 19(4):426-30.
Articular Cartilage Paste Graft  Procedure Step 1 Step 5 Step 4 Step 3 Step 2
Meniscus Transplantation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Current Study: ,[object Object],Pre-Allograft Transplant in place Transplantation OB IV
Study Design ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Patient Selection ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Surgical Technique ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Patient Population of Study
Patient Population  (N = 119) Neutral / Varus / Valgus Moderate ( 5 – 7°) / Severe ( > 7°) Grade III / Grade IV Medial / Lateral Male / Female None / Mild–Moderate / Severe (Kellgren-Lawrence)
Results ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Complications ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Subsequent Surgeries – 1 4 2 Meniscus Allograft Revision – 2 1 12 Meniscus Allograft Repair – 1 9 22 Meniscectomy 1 1 – 4 Microfracture / Articular Cartilage Paste Grafting 1 4 6 20 Chondroplasty / Debridement – 1 1 2 Other 4 th N = 2 3 rd N = 10 2 nd N = 21 1 st N = 62 Subsequent Surgeries Primary Procedure
Kaplan-Meier Survival Analysis In Patients OB III/IV ,[object Object],[object Object],Intact/Lost To Follow-Up 94% 92% 84% 79% 67%
Cox Proportional Hazards Model What is it? ,[object Object],[object Object]
What factors affect survival? ,[object Object],Age (p = 0.026) Number of Previous Surgeries (p = 0.006)  Number of Additional Surgeries Osteotomy performed concomitantly Number of concomitant procedures Outerbridge Grade (III or IV) Medial v. Lateral Allograft Joint Space Narrowing Malalignment Severity Alignment Type Sex NOT RELATED RELATED
Cox Model - Related Hazards ,[object Object]
Effect of Age ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Medial v. Lateral Transplants ,[object Object],Medial (N = 85) KM mean survival: 9.91 ± 0.46 years Lateral (N = 34) KM mean survival: 10.17 ± 0.78 years
Malalignment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],7 Osteotomies –  71.4% Success Rate (5/7) –  2 UNI 3 NO Osteotomy –  66.7% Success Rate (2/3) –  1 UNI –  50% Success Rate (4/8) –  2 TKA, 1 UNI, 1 Removed 8  Osteotomies –  80.6% Success Rate (25/31) –  2 TKA, 2 UNI, 2 Removed 31 NO Osteotomy
Patient Example: BK ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Pre-Operative X-Rays
BK: Pre-Op MRI ,[object Object]
Patient Example: BK ,[object Object]
Patient Example: BK 8 months post  ,[object Object],[object Object]
BK MRI 4 Years Post Op ,[object Object],[object Object]
Patient Example: JL ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Patient Example: JL OB III/IV far-posterior aspect LFC, Microfracture LFC
JL: 4 months Post-Op ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
JL: 6 years Post-Op ,[object Object]
Patient Example: JA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Long-Leg AP
JA: Preoperative X-ray Lateral AP
JA: Preoperative MRI ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
JA Operative Images A B C Deficient Lateral Meniscus Chondral Lesion of LFC Microfracture of Lesion
JA Operative Images A B C Absent Meniscus Lateral Meniscus Transplant Transplant Placement
JA: 5 Months Post-Op  ,[object Object]
JA: 2Yr Postoperative X-ray PA Flexion AP
JA: 2yr Post-operative MRI ,[object Object]
JA: 5Yr Postoperative X-Ray PA Flexion AP
JA: 5Yr Postoperative MRI ,[object Object]
Patient Example: GC 7 o  varus L-knee Medial joint space narrowing Active 53 y.o. male. Meniscectomy: 1986, 1996 Medial meniscus-allograft 3/99  Paste Graft MFC & MTP High medial tibial osteotomy (Bionx wedge and allograft bone)
GC: Preoperative Images Sagittal MRI Loss of cartilage MFC PA Flexion Medial joint space narrowing
GC: Operative Images A B Bipolar   lesions Morselization of MFC & MTP Loss of medial meniscus
GC: Operative Images A B C Placement of medial meniscal allograft Impaction of paste graft Paste Grafted Lesion
GC: Postoperative X-Ray Long-leg AP
GC: 3yr Postoperative X-ray AP Long-leg
GC: 3Yr Postoperative Images 3 Years post-op L-medial allograft, osteotomy, & paste graft
GC: Comparison of healing 3-Years post-op allograft and paste graft to MFC Operative 3 yrs Post-op 3 yrs Post-op
Patient Example DB ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DB: Right Knee ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Pre-Op XRAY
DB: Right Knee 10 Yr PostOp MRI
DB: 10 Yr Post Op XRAY
DB: 10 Yr PostOp 63 YO, Tegner = 6, Skis 30+ days/yr, Snow skis 50+ days/yr.
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Patient Example: RT
RT: Pre-Operative MRI
[object Object],MFC chondral lesion LFC chondral lesion Torn ACL Patient Example: RT
[object Object],Allograft Insertion Allograft placement ACL BTB allograft Patient Example: RT
[object Object],[object Object],RT: 3 Months Post
Excellent joint space, intact meniscus allograft and ACL, but right knee clicking and catching RT: 18 Months Post
Intact meniscus allograft and ACL with diffuse thinning of patellofemoral cartilage RT: 18 Months Post
[object Object],[object Object],RT: 18 Months Post
Conclusions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Meniscus Transplant

  • 1. Meniscus Transplants Kevin R. Stone, MD Ann W. Walgenbach, RNNP Wendy S. Adelson, MS Jonathan R. Pelsis, MHS Stone Research Foundation San Francisco
  • 2. The Aging Knee Pediatric Normal Adult OA Adult
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  • 9. The Three-Tunnel Technique Replacing the Meniscus Stone KR, Walgenbach AW. “Meniscal Allografting: the Three-Tunnel Technique.” Arthroscopy – The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery. 2003, 19(4):426-30.
  • 10. Articular Cartilage Paste Graft Procedure Step 1 Step 5 Step 4 Step 3 Step 2
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  • 17. Patient Population (N = 119) Neutral / Varus / Valgus Moderate ( 5 – 7°) / Severe ( > 7°) Grade III / Grade IV Medial / Lateral Male / Female None / Mild–Moderate / Severe (Kellgren-Lawrence)
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  • 20. Subsequent Surgeries – 1 4 2 Meniscus Allograft Revision – 2 1 12 Meniscus Allograft Repair – 1 9 22 Meniscectomy 1 1 – 4 Microfracture / Articular Cartilage Paste Grafting 1 4 6 20 Chondroplasty / Debridement – 1 1 2 Other 4 th N = 2 3 rd N = 10 2 nd N = 21 1 st N = 62 Subsequent Surgeries Primary Procedure
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  • 34. Patient Example: JL OB III/IV far-posterior aspect LFC, Microfracture LFC
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  • 40. JA Operative Images A B C Deficient Lateral Meniscus Chondral Lesion of LFC Microfracture of Lesion
  • 41. JA Operative Images A B C Absent Meniscus Lateral Meniscus Transplant Transplant Placement
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  • 43. JA: 2Yr Postoperative X-ray PA Flexion AP
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  • 45. JA: 5Yr Postoperative X-Ray PA Flexion AP
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  • 47. Patient Example: GC 7 o varus L-knee Medial joint space narrowing Active 53 y.o. male. Meniscectomy: 1986, 1996 Medial meniscus-allograft 3/99 Paste Graft MFC & MTP High medial tibial osteotomy (Bionx wedge and allograft bone)
  • 48. GC: Preoperative Images Sagittal MRI Loss of cartilage MFC PA Flexion Medial joint space narrowing
  • 49. GC: Operative Images A B Bipolar lesions Morselization of MFC & MTP Loss of medial meniscus
  • 50. GC: Operative Images A B C Placement of medial meniscal allograft Impaction of paste graft Paste Grafted Lesion
  • 51. GC: Postoperative X-Ray Long-leg AP
  • 52. GC: 3yr Postoperative X-ray AP Long-leg
  • 53. GC: 3Yr Postoperative Images 3 Years post-op L-medial allograft, osteotomy, & paste graft
  • 54. GC: Comparison of healing 3-Years post-op allograft and paste graft to MFC Operative 3 yrs Post-op 3 yrs Post-op
  • 55.
  • 56.
  • 57. DB: Right Knee 10 Yr PostOp MRI
  • 58. DB: 10 Yr Post Op XRAY
  • 59. DB: 10 Yr PostOp 63 YO, Tegner = 6, Skis 30+ days/yr, Snow skis 50+ days/yr.
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  • 65. Excellent joint space, intact meniscus allograft and ACL, but right knee clicking and catching RT: 18 Months Post
  • 66. Intact meniscus allograft and ACL with diffuse thinning of patellofemoral cartilage RT: 18 Months Post
  • 67.
  • 68.

Notas do Editor

  1. Kevin R. Stone, MD
  2. Kevin R. Stone, MD
  3. Kevin R. Stone, MD
  4. Kevin R. Stone, MD
  5. Kevin R. Stone, MD
  6. Kevin R. Stone, MD Rath = severe arthritis excluded
  7. Kevin R. Stone, MD
  8. Kevin R. Stone, MD
  9. Kevin R. Stone, MD The procedure step by step.
  10. Kevin R. Stone, MD
  11. Examine the coefficients for each explanatory variable. Positive Coefficient means that the hazard is higher WORSE PROGNOSIS Negative Coefficient implies a lower hazard BETTER PROGNOSIS
  12. Kevin R. Stone, MD Bryan Kelly
  13. Kevin R. Stone, MD
  14. Kevin R. Stone, MD
  15. Kevin R. Stone, MD
  16. Kevin R. Stone, MD
  17. Kevin R. Stone, MD
  18. Kevin R. Stone, MD
  19. Kevin R. Stone, MD
  20. Kevin R. Stone, MD
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  22. Kevin R. Stone, MD
  23. Kevin R. Stone, MD
  24. Kevin R. Stone, MD A= MRI confirming articular cartilage loss of the MFC B= Long leg x-ray demonstrating varus deformity of (L-knee??? I think it should be the Right knee: see x-rays and chart notes ) of about 5-7 degrees C= PA Flexion view demonstrating medial joint space narrowing bialterally L worse than R (nearly bone on bone on the Left). 51 yo ♂ real estate broker both knees w/ problems L worse than R. He has a long hx/o degenerative changes in the medial compartment, loss of the medial meniscus and previous efforts at surgical debridement in order to relieve his medial compartment pain. Pre-operative x-rays revealed medial joint space narrowing and loss of articular cartilage. Pre-operative MRI confirmed loss of the medial meniscus and loss of the artircular cartilage of the medial compartment. He stood in varus. In view of his young age and atheletic activities he requested an effort at biological reconstruction of the medial compartment.   03/10/1999 L-med-Allo/ ArtCart-MFC & MTP/ Open high tib med wedge opening osteotomy using BionX implants and allograft bone/ chon-LFC/ debridement/   Sx: developed a “clicking soreness” on upper MFC thought to be scar tissue requested an effort at operative debridement   03/20/2002 L-knee arthros/ chon-troch/ partial (M)ectomy of Allo where at the posterior 1/3 there was a small flap tear
  25. Kevin R. Stone, MD A= Kissing lesion, MFC, MTP w/ loss of medial meniscus B= Morcellation of the MFC & MTP lesions and loss of medial meniscus
  26. Kevin R. Stone, MD A= Placement of medial meniscal allograft B&C= Articular cartilage paste grafting MFC.
  27. Kevin R. Stone, MD
  28. Kevin R. Stone, MD A= MRI (03/18/02) documenting site of medial meniscus allograft and cartilage paste graft B= Long-leg x-ray (03/14/02) demonstrating post-op alignment C= PA Flexion view (03/14/02) documenting previous osteotomy and preservation of some joint space.   03/14/02 Patient seen 3 years post-op. He noted that before surgery he was unable to do certain activities that he would like to do, and he noted that the knee just pops w/ squatting. He is otherwise quite happy. Px: He had 2 prominent bumps at the medial side of his femoral condyle that he is complaining about. He had patellofemoral crepitus. His pain level is minimal, and his activity level is high. Dx: Arthrofibrosis and bursitis of L-knee. Sx: developed a “clicking soreness” on upper MFC thought to be scar tissue requested an effort at operative debridement   03/20/2002 L-knee arthroscopy/ chond-troch/ partial (M)ectomy of Allo where at the posterior 1/3 there was a small flap tear
  29. Kevin R. Stone, MD
  30. Kevin R. Stone, MD A= Medial meniscus allograft 3 years S/P transplantation B= Medial meniscus allograft 3 years S/P transplantation C= Biopsy MFC 3 years S/P ArtCart
  31. Kevin R. Stone, MD Kevin R. Stone, Biological Knee Reconstruction Annual Joint Preserving Meeting, Johns Hopkins 2004
  32. Kevin R. Stone, MD Kevin R. Stone, Biological Knee Reconstruction Annual Joint Preserving Meeting, Johns Hopkins 2004
  33. Kevin R. Stone, MD Kevin R. Stone, Biological Knee Reconstruction Annual Joint Preserving Meeting, Johns Hopkins 2004
  34. Kevin R. Stone, MD Kevin R. Stone, Biological Knee Reconstruction Annual Joint Preserving Meeting, Johns Hopkins 2004
  35. Kevin R. Stone, MD Kevin R. Stone, Biological Knee Reconstruction Annual Joint Preserving Meeting, Johns Hopkins 2004
  36. Kevin R. Stone, MD Rhonda Topple
  37. Kevin R. Stone, MD Kevin R. Stone, Biological Knee Reconstruction Annual Joint Preserving Meeting, Johns Hopkins 2004 RT
  38. Kevin R. Stone, MD Kevin R. Stone, Biological Knee Reconstruction Annual Joint Preserving Meeting, Johns Hopkins 2004 RT
  39. Kevin R. Stone, MD Kevin R. Stone, Biological Knee Reconstruction Annual Joint Preserving Meeting, Johns Hopkins 2004 RT
  40. Kevin R. Stone, MD Kevin R. Stone, Biological Knee Reconstruction Annual Joint Preserving Meeting, Johns Hopkins 2004 RT
  41. Kevin R. Stone, MD Kevin R. Stone, Biological Knee Reconstruction Annual Joint Preserving Meeting, Johns Hopkins 2004 RT
  42. Kevin R. Stone, MD Kevin R. Stone, Biological Knee Reconstruction Annual Joint Preserving Meeting, Johns Hopkins 2004 RT
  43. Kevin R. Stone, MD