For Paediatric surgery residents. It incorporates a personal collection of cases.

1. Anorectal Malformations(ARM)

3. Objectives
• To identify the types of anorectal
malformations, their embryology and their
immediate and definitive management.

4. Outline
• Embryology
• Clinical appearances of various malformations
• Radiology
• Treatment
• Summary

5. Embryology
• Normal embryology of the hindgut
The theory of the septation of the cloaca; and
The theory of the migration of the rectum.

7. Embryology of ARM
Initial Theories

8. Embryology of ARM is different
New discoveries

10. Low Anomaly Male

11. Low Anomaly Male

12. Intermediate Anomaly Male

13. High Anomaly Male

14. High Anomaly Male

15. Low Anomaly Female

16. Intermediate Anomaly Female

17. High Anomaly Female

18. Complex Malformations

19. Complex Malformations

20. Complex Malformations

21. Presentation

22. Presentation

23. Presentation

24. Presentation

25. Radiology

26. Radiology

27. Radiology

28. Radiology

30. Treatment
• Rule out immediate life threatening conditions
Cardiac anomalies Echocardiography
Renal anomalies  Ultrasound
Esophageal atresia  Pass NG tube

31. Decide
Anoplasty
Colostomy

32. Anoplasty
• For low malformations in males and females
like…………

33. Anoplasty

34. Colostomy