1. James White
2/10/2013
TWC 400

2.  What are flight instruments?
◦ Why do we need them?
 Instrument Layout
 The instruments, one-by-one.
 Conclusion

3.  Instruments in the aircraft
◦ Gives information about the airplane’s flight
situation
◦ Altimeter
◦ Attitude Indicator
◦ Turn Coordinator
◦ Heading Indicator
◦ Vertical Speed Indicator
 Used in particularly poor visibility
◦ i.e. clouds, or no outside visual reference points.

4.  Called the six pack

5.  Provide the source of ambient air pressure
◦ Operates; Airspeed Indicator, VSI and Altimeter
 Takes impact air pressure from moving
forward.
◦ Pressure is changed and thus the instruments are
affected.

6.  Measures the height of the aircraft
◦ Above a given pressure level
 Adjustable for local barometric readings
◦ Must be set correctly during pre-flight
 As the static-pressure drops, due to an
increase in altitutde, capsules inside expand
showing a high altiude reading.
 Non Standard pressure and temps affect it.

7.  To set: Turn knob on bottom left
 To read: Big hand reads 100s of feet, while
little hand reads 1000s, the really thin one is
10’s of thousands

8.  Vertical Speed Indicator
◦ Indicates whether or not the aircraft is in level flight
or not
 Shows two things
◦ Whether or not if you’re in a climb
◦ If so, the rate of said climb or descent.
 How to read:
◦ Up=climb
◦ Down=descent
◦ Read in 100s of feet/min

9.  Measures aircraft speed (in knots) relative to
surrounding air.
 To read:
◦ White arc-flap operating
Range
◦ Green Arc- Normal
operation
◦ Yellow Arc- Caution

10.  Instruments that utilize the properties of
gyroscopes
◦ turn coordinator
◦ heading indicator
◦ attitude indicator

11.  Gives information on the rate and direction of
the turn you’re in.
◦ Also show’s if turn is coordinated
 Pilot will use more or less rudder to correct
 How to read:
◦ The plane moves left for left
 And vice versa
◦ The ball shows if the plane is in
a slip or not
◦ 2 minutes to make a 360 turn.

12.  Artificial Horizon
◦ Relationship of mini airplane to horizon, the real
relationship of airplane to horizon.
 Shows how level wings are, and if there’s a
climb or not.
 Throughout flight, ball will move and show
pitch attitude and degrees of bank.
 How to read:
◦ Blue is sky, brown is ground.
 Numbers are degrees of attitude
◦ Top hashes are degrees of bank.

13.  Heading Gryo
◦ Principle direction instrument used in flight
◦ Not affected by banks, speed changes etc
◦ NOT MAGNETIC
 How to read:
◦ Just like a compass.
◦ Front of aircraft is the direction

14.  There’s two types of instruments
◦ Gyro and Pitot-Static
 Instruments help in VFR conditions
 Known as the 6 pack
 Know these like back of hand
 One step closer to getting in that plane and
flying it.

16.  http://www.pilotfriend.com/training/flight_training/f
xd_wing/images2/4.gif
 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/th
umb/c/c5/VMS_Artificial_Horizon.jpg/220px-
VMS_Artificial_Horizon.jpg
 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/
c9/R22-VSI.jpg/220px-R22-VSI.jpg
 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/th
umb/3/3d/Faa_pitot_static_system.JPG/350px-
Faa_pitot_static_system.JPG
 http://simulatorpilot.info/images%5Cmaininst.jpg
 http://www.avsim.com/pages/0801/care_piper_rev
iew/care_warrior2_01.jpg