1. Marketing research
Ms.Preeti Bajaj

2. Smart Scholars
• Rimpi Sinha
• Sarvani
• Prerana
• Ramiya
• Ivy
• Fabina

3. CROSS-SECTIONAL DESIGN
It involves the collection of information from any
given sample of population elements only once.
Single cross sectional design
 only one sample of respondents is drawn from
the target population
 information is obtained from this sample once.
 sample survey research designs

4. Multiple cross sectional designs:
 two or more samples of respondents
 information from each sample is obtained
only once.
 information from different samples is
obtained at different times over long
intervals.
 comparison at the aggregate level but not at
the individual respondent level.

5. Where you’ve seen them before
• Cross sectional studies can be found in everyday
place
• Used for demographics information and
analyses
• Mass media use cross sectional studies on
current issues
• Newspaper articles

6. Advantages
• Uncovers relationships that can
be studied further in
experimental studies
• Researchers with different
interests and models can often
work with data from a single
cross sectional study
• Using multivariate analyses
allow researchers to obtain
information on the influence of
variables on one another

7. Disadvantages
• Cannot measure change in
variables over time
• Inappropriate for
demonstrating causal
relationships
• Researchers have little to no
control over environment
• Researchers may be unable
to rule out alternative
explanations
• Weak implementation can
ruin a good design and
produce poor data

8. Research on Internet Health Care
Services
‘Harris interactive’ a marketing research firm vise-a-vie consulting
firm that conducts market research through internet.
The research was done on 1000 US health care consumers at the
age of 18.
Facts of survey :
A visit to the doctor’s office is not enough for most consumers .
The average time a doctor spends with a patient has decreased to
15 minutes. It leads to overall reduction on interpersonal healthcare
communication.

9. OUTCOME:
Consumers are demanding various modes to consult their
doctors.
It may include face-to-face, online, and telephone
feedback.
Changes adopted by some organizations like:
• Kaiser Permanente a medical organization redesigned
their website in 2003 .
• The website enables members to access medicine details
and medical booklets , request appointments.

10. COHORT ANALYSIS
Cohort analysis consists of a series of surveys
conducted at appropriate time intervals, where
cohort serves as the basis unit of analysis.
Cohort refers to the group of respondents who
experience the same event within the same time
interval.

11. CASE STUDY
• Survey conducted on USA soft drink
consumption
• People btw 8 to 19 yrs selected
• For next 30 yrs with interval of 10 yrs.
• Other age group was also selected (20-29,30-
39,…..50+)
FINDINGS
• With increasing age consumption of soft drink
also increases….