It is the study of small living organisms which can capture only with microscopes. It mainly deals with microorganisms, viruses, fungi, protozoa and including bacteria. Microbiology is the heart of sciences. Microbiology plays a major role in other science branches like pathology, genetics, immunology, biochemistry, molecular biology, mainly in clinical and medical industries. It is also useful for human beneficial products like medicines, antibiotics, vaccines, and biotechnological products. The following mentioned branches in microbiology

1. Microbiology Overview
Microbiology
It is the study of small living organisms which can capture only with microscopes. It mainly deals
with microorganisms, viruses, fungi, protozoa and including bacteria. Microbiology is the heart of
sciences. Microbiology plays a major role in other science branches like pathology, genetics,
immunology, biochemistry, molecular biology, mainly in clinical and medical industries. It is also
useful for human beneficial products like medicines, antibiotics, vaccines, and biotechnological
products. The following mentioned branches in microbiology
Actually, Microbiology consists of divisions and subdivisions. Firstly we should talk about the
divisions of microbiology.
Divisions of microbiology
• Pure Microbiology
• Medical Microbiology
• Applied Microbiology
• Environmental Microbiology

2. • Agricultural Microbiology
About divisions of microbiology
Pure Microbiology
In this division, scientist study and explore a particular group of microorganisms to better
understand them. Mainly they study the classification of a specific group of organisms, structure,
and function to observe exploiting and controlling their activities. And also how to use one bacteria
to spread of another. Pure microbiology consist with
Mycology- it deals with the fungi.
Virology- it is dealing with the virus.
Immunology- the study of the immune system.
Protozoologists- study about protozoa.
Parasitologists- study about parasitic microorganisms.
Bacteriologists- study about bacteria strains.
Nematologists- deals with nematodes.
Medical Microbiology
Medical microbiology is also known as clinical microbiology. It is the study of microbes role in
human illness and disease. And at the same time study about beneficial microbes to the humans and
animals. Microbiology has great importance in the medical field. Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch
these two persons have great lines in microbiology history and also these two persons are the
founders of Medical Microbiology. Medical Microbiology Fields

3. Microbial genetics- deals with how microbes to the cellular functions in genes
Microbial physiology-deals with metabolism, microbial structure, and microbial growth
Parasitology-it is the examination of parasites in the blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluids
Applied Microbiology
Applied microbiology focuses on microbes abilities to make medicines, Food ingredients, industrial
enzymes. simply applied microbiology applies or refers microbes to the production of enzymes,
vitamins, vaccines, and antibiotics. Applied Microbiology fields are
Pharmaceutical Microbiology
Industrial Microbiology
Microbial Biotechnology
Food Microbiology
Agricultural Microbiology
Veterinary Microbiology
Aeromicrobiology
Environmental Microbiology
Environmental Microbiology is the study of the microbial process in an environment and it includes
the interactions between microbes and microorganisms. Environmental microbiology also interacts
with the microorganisms that exist in unnatural environments such as bioreactors.

4. Agricultural microbiology
it is mainly associated with the microorganisms in agriculture and deals with the plant and animal
disease. And also deals with the microbiology of soil fertility. Some of the soil microorganisms are
Bacteria, actinomycetes, Fungi, protozoa. Soil microorganisms mainly involved in the
transformation of the nutrient process. And improves soil structure and useful to biological
equilibrium maintenance.
Pathology-
Pathology is a branch of medical science.it is the study of disease and it includes an examination of
organs, tissues, body fluid, and auto species to study and diagnose disease. The word pathology
derived from the Greek words “pathos” means “disease” and “logos” means “a treatise” which
means- a treatise of disease. The following presents some divisions of pathology.

5. • Clinical pathology
• Anatomical pathology
• Forensic pathology
• Molecular pathology
• Surgical pathology
• General pathology
About divisions of Pathology
Clinical Pathology
Clinical pathology includes a wide range functions of laboratory and deals with the diagnosis,
treatment, and prevention of disease. Mainly in clinical pathology involves an analysis of blood,
urine, and other body fluid. with the help of different types of tools such as Microscopes, analyzers,
strips, centrifugal machines
Anatomical pathology
Anatomical pathology or anatomic pathology is a branch of science in medical deals with the
diagnosis of disease based on the examination of organs and tissues. It is considered one of the
diagnostic branches in medicine. In anatomical,l pathology, there are two main sub-branches. The
first one is histopathology, and the second one is cytopathology or cytology. In Histopathology
whole tissues will be examined under the microscope. And in cytology single cell will be examined
under a microscope. A common test of cytology is the cervical smear.
Forensic pathology
Forensic pathology is the subspecialty of pathology in the medical field. It mainly deals with the
crime, sudden and suspicious unexplained deaths. A forensic pathologist examines the cause of
dead bodies in order to determine, and as well as looks for evidence. Forensic pathologists also
called as coroners.

6. Molecular Pathology
Molecular pathology is a subspecialty of pathology which is deals with the diagnosis of the disease
through the molecules examination within organs, blood, and tissues.
Surgical Pathology
Surgical pathology is the most time-consuming practice for most pathologists. Surgical pathology is
the study of removing tissues from living patients during surgery to helps diagnose a disease and
also determine for a treatment plan.
General pathology
This sub-branch involves all aspects of pathology and also all aspects of laboratory investigations in
a disease that focuses on the causes of health.