Usage of biochar for farming, environment and development
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Presentation prepared for NELG webinar on Usage of biochar for farming, environment and development on 4th October 2020
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Usage of biochar for farming, environment and development
- 1. For Farming, Environment and Development Natural Eco Living Group http://naturalecoliving.com Dr. N. SAI BHASKAR REDDY Director, The Earth Center http://saibhaskar.com saibhaskarnakka@gmail.com | 4th October 2020
- 2. Biochar is another name for charcoal used for purposes other than combustion. Like all charcoal, biochar is created by the pyrolysis of biomass.
- 3. There are various types of biochars, based on feedstock's and production technologies.
- 5. • Agriculture productivity increases • Low input agricultureNatural • Local jobs and equity • Local enterprisesSocial • Least skills required • BiocharcultureHuman • Local technologies • Low energyPhysical • Low carbon economy • Low costFinancial • Carbon sequestration and energy security • Mitigation and adaptation to climate changeEnvironment
- 7. CULTUR AL SPIRITU AL BELIEFS RITUALS FESTIVA LS ALTARS CREMATIO N SOURCE S (BIOMAS S) GOOD STOVES •TLUDs •Other stoves CROP RESIDU E POULTR Y LITTER WASTE MANAG EMENT •Sludge PRACTICES FOOD PRESE RVING FOOD CLEANIN G MEDICI NE MATTRES S TOOTH POWD ER AIR QUALITY •CO2 / CH4 WATE R TREAT MENT AQUA RIUM / TERRA RIUMS BIOCH AR BRICK S BIOCH AR URINA LS SOAK PITS FILTE RING MEDIA INSEC T REPEL LENT SOIL AMENDMEN T INCREAS ED PRODUC TION SOIL TEMPER ATURE REGULA TED MOISTU RE RETENTI ON WATER CONSER VATION NITROG EN / PHOSPH OROUS RETENTI ON NURSER IESPESTICI DES ADBSOR BTION SOIL MICROB ES DENSITY INCREAS E BIOCHA R COMPOS T EARTHW ORMS INCREAS E TERMIT ES / ANTS REPULSI ON CARBON SEQUES TRATIO N ANIMALS POULTRY - CH4 REDUCTI ON LIVESTO CK - URINE AND DUNG FYM / COMPOST BIOMAS S BIOCHA R ENERGY
- 8. SOIL BIOCHAR BIOCHAR COMPOST AGRICUTURE PADDY METHANE EMISSIONS REDUCTION PESTICIDE & COMPLEX CHEMICALS AFFECTS MITIGATION EMMISIONS REDUCTION FROM FARM YARD MANURES AND COMPOSTS CROP RESIDUE MANAGEMENT ANIMALS APPLICATION IN ANIMAL PLACES TO TAP URINE, SANITATION AND EMISSIONS REDUCTION RUMINANT ANIMALS METHANE EMISSIONS REDUCTION AS FEED ADDITIVE SOAKING IN WITH ANIMALS URINE AND EXCRETA - VALUE ADDITION ENERGY SOURCE FROM EFFICIENT TLUD COOK STOVES AS BY PRODUCT FROM GASIFIER STOVES, BOILERS ETC CHARCOAL PRODUCTION FROM BIOMASS / WASTE MANAGEMENT HABITAT BIOCHAR BRICKS BIOCHAR IN AQUARIUMS BIOCHAR IN POULTRY FARMS BIOCHAR IN FRIDGES, MATTRESSES, ETC. SANITATION BIOCHAR URINALS BIOCHAR TOILETS BIOCHAR IN CATTLE SHEDS CLEANING PLATES / UTENSILS BATHING HEALTH CLEANING TEETH BIOCHAR TABLETS BIOCHAR IN FOOD AS PART OF FOOD PREPARATIONS WATER WATER PURIFICATION – COLOR, ODOR, REMOVAL OF HARMFUL ELEMENTS, ETC. RITUAL / SPIRITUAL / RELIGIOUS / PRACTICES FIRE / ALTAR / YAGNAS / AGNIHOTRA FIRE DURING FESTIVALS CREMATIONS NATURAL / ARTIFICIAL FIRES IN FORESTS / FIELDS, ETC. FARMING ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT
- 11. Biocharculture is a holistic approach that has been historically tested, traditionally practiced, is culturally integral, economically viable, socially responsible, environmentally sustainable, and agreeable as a policy. The uses of biochar—as part of biocharculture—include its application in the areas of soil management, livestock, biomass energy, water purification, green habitats, sanitation, food, health, etc.
- 12. Securing the crop from drought and climate variabiiity Reclaim the degraded soils water conservation Lessen the impact of hazardous pesticides and complex chemicals reducing emissions and increasing the carbon sequestration Conversion of biomass into biochar Increase in crop yield increases in C, N, pH, and available P to the plants Impacts of biochar last more than 1000 years.
- 14. Biocharculture integration into traditional and local practices should be encouraged. Encouraging local communities to produce and use biochar with locally available raw material is considered sustainable. Biochar blends are mostly organic / natural
- 16. Climate change - variability - extremes Soil fertility Water management Impact of hazardous pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers Burning of crop residue Alkalinity of soils
- 18. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/w2612e/w2612emap12-e.pdf Damage has occurred on 15 percent of the world’s total land area (13 percent light and moderate, 2 percent severe and very severe), mainly resulting from erosion, nutrient decline, salinization and physical compaction.
- 21. Biomass from agriculture, forestry, livestock rearing, food production and processing.. Woody biomass— softwoods, hardwoods, or a combination Agricultural residues including bagasse from sugar cane, corn stover, rice husks, cereal straw, and coconut shells, etc.. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-9525-7
- 22. CROP RESIDUE (800 million tons of biomass burnt) COTTON STALKS (22.3 million tons generated) PROSOPIS JULIFLORA RICE HUSK OTHER BIOMASS (in India)
- 23. Plants Stoves Biochar Soil Fertility Carbon Sequestration Emission reduction Water conservation Energy Emissions reduction Biomass conservation Biochar as byproduct Carbon as biochar Water and fertilizers conservation Carbon sequestration Note: Presenter has designed low cost highly efficient 50 good stoves that produce biochar as a byproduct. http://goodstove.com Also see the book Understanding Stoves http://metameta.nl/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Understanding-Stoves-okt-10- webversion.pdf
- 24. Wood vinegar is being used to increase rates of seed germination, reduce fungal diseases and to improve both plant health and crop quality. Users of this product were frequently fruit and nut farmers.
- 25. WAGES FROM PRODUCTION INCOME FROM SALE
- 26. A B C CHIMNEY PRIMARY AIR SECONDARY AIR GEO metal retort Magh biochar retort 2 Magh biochar retort 1 ~350–750°C
- 27. Wood vinegar is being used to increase rates of seed germination, reduce fungal diseases and to improve both plant health and crop quality. Users of this product were frequently fruit and nut farmers. Spraying wood vinegar on soil generally tends to raise the density of useful microbes such as bacilli and actinomyces. Note: It is important that wood vinegar not be used in too concentrated a form. In this sense, wood vinegar is like vitamins for humans: repeated use of concentrated doses is not more effective, and may even be more harmful, than using the prescribed amount.
- 29. BIOMAS S
- 30. https://biochar-international.org/stoves/Understanding Stoves by Dr. Sai Bhaskar Reddy Nakka
- 33. Biochar compost Application • Point - eg. Horticulture • Spread - eg. Paddy Biochar compost preparation • Biochar + compost + green mulch + soil microbes + Jaggery + (pottery shards / fish bones / brick pieces / urine / etc.) • Addition of biochar to Farm Yard Manure pits in small quantities every day from traditional stoves – i.e., Cattle dung, cattle urine, straw, biochar, ash, pottery shards, pottery tile pieces, etc. Biochar only application • Point - Biochar mulching - eg. Horticulture • Spread - Biochar broadcasting - eg. paddy Biochar Prepartion methods - Many. 5-50 t/ha (0.5-5 kg/m2)
- 36. Cation exchange capacity - 50% increase (Glaser et al., 2002) Fertilizer use efficiency - 10-30 % increase (Gaunt and Cowie, 2009) Liming agent - 1 point pH increase (Lehman and Rondon, 2006) Soil moisture retention - Up to 18 % increase (Tryon, 1948) Crop productivity - 20-120% increase (Lehman and Rondon, 2006) Methane emission - 100% decrease (Rondon et al, 2005) Nitrous oxide emissions - 50 % decrease (Yanai et al., 2007) Bulk density - Soil dependent (Laird, 2008) Mycorrhizal fungi - 40 % increase (Warnock et al., 2007) Biological nitrogen fixation - 50-72% increase (Lehman and Rondon, 2006) (NICRA Bulletin 1/2013)
- 37. The difference is high in less fertile and degraded soils. Biochar is good for all types of soils, because the fertility of soils defined in time and space varies, based on human and natural conditions. 1 kg to 3 kgs of biochar application for every 1 square meter field area is the emerging good application result for as tested in field trials. The compost and other nutrients should be added to the field, as done regularly to any field as per the crop. Initially the Nitrogen should be added more (1.5 to 2 times) than what is applied regularly, Green mulch / composts / farmyard manures etc., are most preferable.
- 41. CONTROL 4 KGS BIOCHAR COMPOST 8 KGS BIOCHAR COMPOST
- 43. CONTROL BIOCHAR COMPOST 4 KGS 8 KGS 12 KGS
- 44. 1.5 FEET 6 FEET CONTROL BIOCHAR
- 46. Water Water is given through the drip irrigation system to the subsurface biochar capsule. Water is absorbed by biochar and slowly released into the root zone soil. The water loss is very less. The roots of perennial plants over a period encompass the biochar capsule and absorb the water without much loss. As biochar has greater affinity to water, the water losses due to percolation into the aquifer is less. Biochar is not biodegradable for longer periods (up to 1000 years or more) of time, therefore the investment is only once. Designed by Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar Reddy, Hyderabad, India. saibhaskarnakka@gmail.com GEO BIOCHAR CAPSULE - FOR SUBSURFACE EFFICIENT IRRIGATION
- 48. Less weight and insulation to the rooftops Economic savings through access to self grown food Utilization of urban organic waste for biochar compost. Aesthetics and green spaces on rooftops
- 49. Unblended biochar and biochar products blended with other materials are being sold in many countries at a wide range of retail prices ranging from $0.08 to $13.48 per kilogram. The average price reported was $2.48 per kilogram. http://www.biochar-
- 52. DAM / BUND FLOATS (THERMO BIOCHAR + (MEDIA FOR GROWT P
- 54. Waterproof liquid sprayBiochar A circular pit is prepared around the plant without damaging the roots. Part of the soil in the pit would be covered with polyethylene or biodegradable wax sprayed / covered with any water proof and durable material and then biochar compost would be applied.
- 55. W A T E R WATER & NUTRIENTS Small Pouches of biochar compost would be attached to the roots of a plant. These can be made of any material, preferably a durable material which can expand. Water (including fertilizers) is taken by the plant by drip irrigation system
- 59. BIOCHAR LEACHETS COMPOST BIN WITH HOLES COMPOST BIN = FOOD WASTE (1 PART) + SAW DUST / DRY LEAVES (2 PARTS) + BIOCHAR POWDER (1 PART) COMPOST COVER COMPOST REMOVAL OPENING FOR LARGE SIZE BIN HAND WASH
- 61. Biochar Indoor Plants Water LEDs for light
- 65. In the present market less than 25% biochar businesses and production technologies are from developing countries
- 66. Low price of biochar in the developing countries might trigger exports Subsidies a hindrance Lack of awareness Gardening Agriculture (Large Farms) Household Others
- 67. https://www.smashwords.com/books/view/649995 https://www.smashwords.com/books/view/921589 https://www.smashwords.com/books/view/953940 https://www.smashwords.com/books/view/878122 https://www.smashwords.com/books/view/643892 https://web.archive.org/web/20171227063253/http://www.biocharindia.com/Home https://archive.org/details/InterviewSaibhaskarBiocharEg https://archive.org/details/BiocharInterviewOfDrNSaiBhaskarReddyByLauramunoz23October2013
Notas do Editor
- Biochar 10% to 30%
- https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0960852417314360-fx1_lrg.jpg
- These impacts frequently lead to reductions in yields. Land conservation and rehabilitation are essential parts of sustainable agricultural development. While severely degraded soil is found in most regions of the world, the negative economic impact of degraded soil may be most severe in the countries most dependent on agriculture for their incomes.
- http://www.warrencc.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/CharcoalVinegar-with-pictures.pdf
- During the torrefaction process, the water contained in the biomass as well as superfluous volatiles are released, and the biopolymers ( cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) partly decompose, giving off various types of volatiles.
- A Report on the Value of Biochar and Wood Vinegar: Practical Experience of Users in Australia and New Zealand Version 1.0 – June 2019
- Pine needless biochar from gassifiers, gasifiers
- The use of biochar as animal feed is an important emerging market in Australia. Those who feed biochar to cattle do so on a daily basis for the purpose of improved cattle health, improved cattle weight gain, methane emissions reduction and reduced feed cost.