1. AGRI GEN RES 068 Safeguard of hazelnut and almond genetic resources:from traditional uses to novel agro-industrial opportunities A project co-fundedby the Commissionof the EuropeanCommunities for the period01.03.2007to30.09.2010 in the frameworkofAGRI GEN RES

2. Presentation Outline Safeguard of hazelnut and almond genetic resources: from traditional uses to novel agro-industrial opportunities Hazelnut and Almond world production Internal nuts market in Europe Scientific strategy Main achievements SAFENUT added-value and impacts on European nuts area Conclusions and perspectives AGRI GEN RES 068 SAFENUT FinalPresentation – Brussels, December 2 2010

3. Hazelnut and Almond World Production Safeguard of hazelnut and almond genetic resources: from traditional uses to novel agro-industrial opportunities In the last five years the world production of nuts increased more than 20% AGRI GEN RES 068 SAFENUT FinalPresentation – Brussels, December 2 2010

4. Hazelnut and Almond European Production Safeguard of hazelnut and almond genetic resources: from traditional uses to novel agro-industrial opportunities Major EU AlmondProducers Volume MT - ShelledBasis Major EU HazelnutProducers Volume MT - ShelledBasis Source: FAS EuropeOffices AGRI GEN RES 068 SAFENUT FinalPresentation – Brussels, December 2 2010

5. Internal nuts market in Europe Safeguard of hazelnut and almond genetic resources: from traditional uses to novel agro-industrial opportunities The per capita consumption of nuts in Greece (17 Kg/year) is the highest in the EU, followed by Spain and Italy. Nutritional value Domestic EU hazelnut and almond production supplies less than 40 % of the local demand, the rest is imported mainly from Turkey and USA. AGRI GEN RES 068 SAFENUT FinalPresentation – Brussels, December 2 2010

6. Crucial issues at the European level Safeguard of hazelnut and almond genetic resources: from traditional uses to novel agro-industrial opportunities Disappearance of nut areas could have significant environmental, rural, social and economic consequences. Genetic erosion. Decrease in quality of hand made traditional products As stated in the Report Analysisof the nutsector- EU Commission SEC 2002 797 …improvedqualityisoneof the key factors in improving the internationalcompetitivenessof the treenutsector. AGRI GEN RES 068 SAFENUT FinalPresentation – Brussels, December 2 2010

7. Social value: the case of Hazelnut and Almond Safeguard of hazelnut and almond genetic resources: from traditional uses to novel agro-industrial opportunities Nuts are strongly intertwined with the territory and the people who cultivated them for millennia “Nuts are a traditional crop, grown for centuries…Theyplay a fundamental part in protecting and maintaining the environmental, social and rural balance in many regions” Commissionof the europeancommunities (Sec (2002) 797) Crops at high global index AGRI GEN RES 068 SAFENUT FinalPresentation – Brussels, December 2 2010

8. SAFENUT Action: objectives Safeguard of hazelnut and almond genetic resources: from traditional uses to novel agro-industrial opportunities To increase the knowledge of the European hazelnut and almond germplasm (Corylusavellana and Prunusdulci) in order to enhance its characterisation, preservation and utilisation To recover and valorise local endangered germplasm in the traditional productive areas of the Mediterranean basin To enhance the utilization of the germplams through the creation of core collections To strengthen the meaning of genetic resource’s traditional knowledge to raise stakeholders awareness on the values of biodiversity in the framework of the sustainable development. To set up an interactive web database linked with the major thematic international databases and to create a strong European network . AGRI GEN RES 068 SAFENUT FinalPresentation – Brussels, December 2 2010

9. SAFENUT DATABASE The strategy of the SAFENUT Action Safeguard of hazelnut and almond genetic resources: from traditional uses to novel agro-industrial opportunities Hazelnut/Almond genetic resources Centralization of germplasm at the European level Survey on farm conserved genetic resources Rationalization of collections and recovery of new ecotypes Evaluation Biochemical Molecular Morphological Core collection DNA bank Traditional uses and agricultural practices Traditional uses and agricultural practices AGRI GEN RES 068 SAFENUT FinalPresentation – Brussels, December 2 2010

10. SAFENUT Results Safeguard of hazelnut and almond genetic resources: from traditional uses to novel agro-industrial opportunities SAFENUT results meet the goals of the AGRI GEN RES program: Re-organizing the conservation of genetic resources Data acquisition on in situ and ex situ partners’ collections. Recovery and valorisation of on farm conserved ecotypes to preserve the maximum genetic diversity. AGRI GEN RES 068 SAFENUT FinalPresentation – Brussels, December 2 2010

11. Data acquisition of in situ and ex situ European hazelnut and almond germplasm collections Safeguard of hazelnut and almond genetic resources: from traditional uses to novel agro-industrial opportunities 215 cultivars and 58 selections exist in 13 European hazelnut collections among partner Countries. A new collection of 22 hazelnut cultivars was realized in Sicily-Italy 180 Almondclones are mantained in collections in Spain, Italy, France and Greece. AGRI GEN RES 068 SAFENUT FinalPresentation – Brussels, December 2 2010

12. Survey on hazelnut local endangered cultivars conserved on farm. Safeguard of hazelnut and almond genetic resources: from traditional uses to novel agro-industrial opportunities A widespread survey was carried out in Spain, Greece, Italy, Slovenia and Portugal in order to recover the ‘on farm’ conserved ecotypes at risk of genetic erosion. 140 ecotypeswerepre-selected:88 wereconfirmednewgenotypesby SSR marker Italy Spain Slovenia Greece Portugal AGRI GEN RES 068 SAFENUT FinalPresentation – Brussels, December 2 2010

13. Navelli Survey on hazelnut local endangered cultivars conserved on farm Safeguard of hazelnut and almond genetic resources: from traditional uses to novel agro-industrial opportunities Almondclonesrecovered in Abruzzo (Italy): Mandorlone Mandorla Pesca RomparolaPiccola Rotonda Morosina TenerellaPugliese Piatta Cornuta Amara 122 old almond cultivars were recovered and updated in the Prunus database AGRI GEN RES 068 SAFENUT FinalPresentation – Brussels, December 2 2010

14. SAFENUT Results Safeguard of hazelnut and almond genetic resources: from traditional uses to novel agro-industrial opportunities SAFENUT results meet the goals of the AGRI GEN RES program: Improvement of characterization Harmonisation of primary descriptors. Development of suitable and effective molecular markers for genotype authentication. Definition of the quality and potential uses of the European cultivars. AGRI GEN RES 068 SAFENUT FinalPresentation – Brussels, December 2 2010

15. Morphological Hazelnut characterization Safeguard of hazelnut and almond genetic resources: from traditional uses to novel agro-industrial opportunities Harmonization of hazelnut morphological descriptors: selection of 48 specific primary descriptors 65 hazelnut traditional cultivars were evaluated for three years Phenology Involucre Color of catkins Tree Nut AGRI GEN RES 068 SAFENUT FinalPresentation – Brussels, December 2 2010

16. Morphological Almond characterization Safeguard of hazelnut and almond genetic resources: from traditional uses to novel agro-industrial opportunities Harmonization of Almond morphological descriptors based on Prunus AGRI GEN RES 061: selection of 15 specific primary descriptors 68 almond recovered cultivars were evaluated Fruit characters Tree characters Phenology AGRI GEN RES 068 SAFENUT FinalPresentation – Brussels, December 2 2010

17. Italy Spain Turkey Iran Molecular analyses Safeguard of hazelnut and almond genetic resources: from traditional uses to novel agro-industrial opportunities Genetic profiles of Hazelnut accessions obtained at 10 SSR were elaborated and compared with database at DCA-UNITO Analysis of the Almond genetic diversity by SSR molecular markers Geneticstructureamonggene pools 25 selected SSR markers have been identified in the Prunus reference map covering 8 groups of the genome. 240 almond genotypes have been identified with DNA markers. 275 almond genotypes have been genotyped for the co-dominant S gene (self-incompatibility gene). AGRI GEN RES 068 SAFENUT FinalPresentation – Brussels, December 2 2010

18. 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 France Greece Italy Portugal Slovenia Spain Biochemical characterization Safeguard of hazelnut and almond genetic resources: from traditional uses to novel agro-industrial opportunities FATTY acids and tocopherol analysis Variabilityoffattyacidscontent in 110 hazelnutaccessions (3 yearsaverage) Variability of fatty acids content in hazelnut accessions from 6 European Countries Total content Oleic acid Linoleic acid Alpha-tocopherol AGRI GEN RES 068 SAFENUT FinalPresentation – Brussels, December 2 2010

19. 1 2 3 4 c1 c2 M1M2M3 Biochemical characterization Safeguard of hazelnut and almond genetic resources: from traditional uses to novel agro-industrial opportunities FATTY acids and tocopherol analysis Study of nucleotide variability of Δ12 desaturase gene. Cloning and characterizationof the 5’ and sequenceof fad2-gene fragments The fad2 gene encodes the microsomalΔ12 desaturase PhD in Agrobiodiversity GERMOPLASM PRESERVATION AND QUALITY EXPLOITATION OF LOCAL HAZELNUT GENETIC RESOURCES IN TYPICAL AREAS OF CULTIVATION AGRI GEN RES 068 SAFENUT FinalPresentation – Brussels, December 2 2010

20. Biochemical characterization Safeguard of hazelnut and almond genetic resources: from traditional uses to novel agro-industrial opportunities FATTY acids and tocopherolanalysis: Hazelnut Great variability of 13 phenolic compounds determined in 53 hazelnut and almond European cultivars from 7 cultivation areas. AGRI GEN RES 068 SAFENUT FinalPresentation – Brussels, December 2 2010

21. Biochemical characterization Safeguard of hazelnut and almond genetic resources: from traditional uses to novel agro-industrial opportunities FATTY acids and tocopherolanalysis: Almond Great variability of 13 phenolic compounds determined in 53 hazelnut and almond European cultivars from 7 cultivation areas. AGRI GEN RES 068 SAFENUT FinalPresentation – Brussels, December 2 2010

22. Biochemical characterization Safeguard of hazelnut and almond genetic resources: from traditional uses to novel agro-industrial opportunities Protein and minerals analysis AGRI GEN RES 068 SAFENUT FinalPresentation – Brussels, December 2 2010

23. SAFENUT Results Safeguard of hazelnut and almond genetic resources: from traditional uses to novel agro-industrial opportunities SAFENUT results meet the goals of the AGRI GEN RES program: Enhancement of the utilization of genetic resources Establishment of a core collection: a useful tool to improve the utilization of genetic resources. The Database development: an efficient and timely device for the dissemination of germplasm information and, therefore, its utilization. AGRI GEN RES 068 SAFENUT FinalPresentation – Brussels, December 2 2010

24. Almond Core-collection Safeguard of hazelnut and almond genetic resources: from traditional uses to novel agro-industrial opportunities Italy Avola Tuono Genco Cristomorto Slovenia Saret Horvat 23 Gregl9 Gregl10 Spain Marcona DesmayoLargueta Ramillete Cartayera Planetade les Garrigues Arguayo-1 Garrigues Bertina France Fournatde Brézenaud Bartre Fourcouronne Belle d’Aurons Languedoc Greece Retsou Tsotilioou Ag.Dimitrios 2 Siastika 1 Betlu AGRI GEN RES 068 SAFENUT FinalPresentation – Brussels, December 2 2010

25. SAFENUT Results Safeguard of hazelnut and almond genetic resources: from traditional uses to novel agro-industrial opportunities SAFENUT results meet the goals of the AGRI GEN RES program: Recovery of traditional knowledge and rising public awareness Survey on traditional exhibitions at European level Recovery of local uses and agricultural practices interaction with stakeholders to rise public awareness AGRI GEN RES 068 SAFENUT FinalPresentation – Brussels, December 2 2010

26. Survey on traditional knowledge and social ecological actions Safeguard of hazelnut and almond genetic resources: from traditional uses to novel agro-industrial opportunities Survey on the existing fruit exhibitions in Europe. Booklet on: “Hazelnut and AlmondEuropeanFestivals” Savingthe memory of traditional uses and cultural practices in sustainable agricultural systems Two questionnaires:For the students: to promote the importance of safeguard of genetic resources - 2097 questionnaires For the farmers: to compare the social, economic, technical issues on almond and hazelnut crops at the European level - 75 Farms AGRI GEN RES 068 SAFENUT FinalPresentation – Brussels, December 2 2010

28. M. LauzierHervé - Chateauneuf du Rhone, Drome (26)

29. M. Morin Jean-François - Donzere, Drome (26).Two growers in Jouques near Aix-en-Provence Seedlings in soil in March 2008 After 6 months Grafting in September 2008 Trees in June 2010 AGRI GEN RES 068 SAFENUT FinalPresentation – Brussels, December 2 2010

30. Dissemination Safeguard of hazelnut and almond genetic resources: from traditional uses to novel agro-industrial opportunities Interplay with EUROPEAN Projects on communication Publications SAFENUT website http://safenut.casaccia.enea.it Scientific Papers Conference proceedings Magazines Newspapers RELATE Project REsearchLAbs for TEaching journalists EU-funded project aimed at bridging the gap between science and society (http://relateproject.eu/) DESIRE_NETDevelopment and Sustainability with International Renewable Energies network (http://www.desire-net.enea.it/) DESERTARTEEducation, training and awareness of young generations to the desertification related issues (http://www.desertarte.enea.it) SAFENUT DATABASE AGRI GEN RES 068 SAFENUT FinalPresentation – Brussels, December 2 2010

31. SAFENUT Database Safeguard of hazelnut and almond genetic resources: from traditional uses to novel agro-industrial opportunities LinkedwithPrunus AGRI GEN RES database Tobeincluded in the ECP/GR network http://www.safenut.net AGRI GEN RES 068 SAFENUT FinalPresentation – Brussels, December 2 2010

32. Information available for “public access” in the SAFENUT database Safeguard of hazelnut and almond genetic resources: from traditional uses to novel agro-industrial opportunities List of contributors List of curators List and location of ex situin situ European collections List of old endangered accessions List of Nut Exhbition in Europe Passport data: from Multicrop Passport descriptors (Biodiversity International) Specific descriptors: harmonized descriptor for hazelnut, Pictures Information on biochemical data, molecular markers (type, number, allele number). Query and view accession, download data in xml format AGRI GEN RES 068 SAFENUT FinalPresentation – Brussels, December 2 2010

33. Accessions data Safeguard of hazelnut and almond genetic resources: from traditional uses to novel agro-industrial opportunities Passport data, specific descriptors and other information AGRI GEN RES 068 SAFENUT FinalPresentation – Brussels, December 2 2010

34. SAFENUT impacts on the European nuts area Safeguard of hazelnut and almond genetic resources: from traditional uses to novel agro-industrial opportunities Contribute to increase nut production competitiveness in European Countries (Italy, Spain, Portugal, Greece, France, Slovenia) Improve local economies by the valorisation of on farm maintained traditional cultivars Enlarge the genepools Add plus value to recover traditional memory for future generation. Make available relevant information on the conservation, characterization, collection and utilization of nuts genetic resources to other Member States, the Community and, at the international level, particularly to Developing Countries. AGRI GEN RES 068 SAFENUT FinalPresentation – Brussels, December 2 2010

35. SAFENUT Action: conclusions and perspectives Safeguard of hazelnut and almond genetic resources: from traditional uses to novel agro-industrial opportunities The SAFENUT Action represents an important opportunity to share, in a more efficient manner, the hazelnut and almond European genetic resources by meeting the EU goal on halting the loss of biodiversity. The definition of the core collections will allow to gather information on traits of economic importance promoting new economic opportunities. The SAFENUT work on traditional knowledge contributes to increase the public awareness on the importance of safeguarding old endangered cultivars that could be irremediably lost. The communication and dissemination of the SAFENUT Action paved the way to new synergies and interactions with other programs and project, at the National and European level (http://safenut.casaccia.enea.it/). AGRI GEN RES 068 SAFENUT FinalPresentation – Brussels, December 2 2010

36. SAFENUT Action: conclusions and perspectives Safeguard of hazelnut and almond genetic resources: from traditional uses to novel agro-industrial opportunities About the perspectives…… The AGRI GEN RES Program plays a strategic role in the conservation, characterization and utilization of genetic resources in agriculture. It is the only European Program that has supported, through international collaboration, the coordination among national and regional initiatives. Still, the fulfillment of the several issues related to nuts’ genetic resources is incomplete, particularly on breeding and diseases, promotion and integration of databases, involvement of partners outside of EU border. This Action should represent the first step towards an effective management and valorization of nuts’ European germplasm, and the fundament for a wider strategy on nuts’ genetic resources. AGRI GEN RES 068 SAFENUT FinalPresentation – Brussels, December 2 2010

37. Research Groups involved in the SAFENUT Action Safeguard of hazelnut and almond genetic resources: from traditional uses to novel agro-industrial opportunities ENEA (Italy) AraminiM., BernardiniC., CaneseS., Di Giovanni B., MassiniG., TronciC., Padovani L.,Tosini C. , Bacchetta L. PI NAGREF (Greece) Pantelidis G., Drogoudi P. Univerza v Ljubljani, BiotehniskaFakulteta (Slovenia) PliberšekT., Jurhar J., Veberič R., Vrhovnik I., Solar A. CRAB (Italy) Di Giammatteo V., Spera D. Istituto Sperimentale per la Frutticoltura (Italy) Vaccaro A., De Salvador R., Avanzato D. CITA- Zaragoza (Spain) Alonso J. M., Kodad O., FernándeziMartí À., Espiau M. T., MateoA., Ansón J. M., Frontera O., Búbal J., Socias R. DCA-Universita' degli Studi di Torino (Italy) Botta. R., Boccacci P., Calizzano F., Valentini N., Caviglione M., Torello Marinoni D. IRTA- Mas de Bover (Spain) Tous J., Romero A., Aramburu J., Rovira M. SERIDA-Villaviciosa (Spain) Ferreira J. José UTAD (Portugal) Carrnide V., Álvares dos Santos A., Gonçalves B. M., Bacelar E. A., Carvalho R. P., PiresR. S., Silva A. P. INRA (France) Duval H. ISPOT NAGREF (Greece) GiannakakiA., Mezidakis I. ANPN (France) Sarraquigne J. P. AGRI GEN RES 068 SAFENUT FinalPresentation – Brussels, December 2 2010

38. Thank you! Safeguard of hazelnut and almond genetic resources: from traditional uses to novel agro-industrial opportunities SAFENUT Partners AGRI GEN RES 068 SAFENUT FinalPresentation – Brussels, December 2 2010