Introduction to SQL Server for CIS-282

1. CIS-282

2. Database Server
 Operates as a separate “process”
 Works with Windows directly
 Strong link between SQL Server and Windows Server
 Need to communicate with the server using a separate
application
 “Connection” ties the application to the database server

3. SQL Server Versions
 Versions allow databases to be used in different
environments with different tools
 Express Edition is for small scale databases tied to single
application
 Workgroup is for small business or smaller organization
units
 Standard Edition is for group/department level databases
 Enterprise Edition is for high-access/demand applications
(developer edition has same tools)
 Compact Edition is for mobile devices

4. SQL Server Tools
 Management Studio is typical admin/developer
interface
 Analysis Services provides tools to aggregate and
evaluate data
 Reporting Services provides tools to send data to web
pages/services
 Integration Services are used to
organize/import/export data

5. SQL Server Databases
 Two files are maintained
 Data file (.mdf)
 Transaction Log file (.ldf)
 Files can be spread over multiple machines
 Always need a primary file group
 SQL Server “owns” the files
 While Server is running and database is open (attached)
files are locked

6. Default Databases
 Master: Logins/User roles; system configuration;
names/locations of databases; SQL Server startup
 Tempdb: Lasts duration of SQL Server session;
temporary holding space
 Model: Sets characteristics of new databases
 MSDB: Holds information about jobs SQL Server
Agent runs

7. Security
 Windows Authentication: Windows logins used
 Mixed-mode: Windows OR SQL Server logins used
 Login: To access server
 User: To access a database

8. Roles
 Roles simplify management
 Rather than specify by user, move user into/out of
appropriate group of activities
 Server – administrative functions, i.e.
 Backup
 Create database
 Server Roles are fixed – new roles cannot be created
 Database – groups of application users with common
activities
 Read/write all data
 Read/write select data
 Read data only

9. Typical Database Contents
 Tables
 User tables hold data
 System tables hold data about the database
 Stored Procedures
 User-defined Functions
 Views
 Indexes (tables and/or views)

10. Application Architecture
 Single-tier/Host Systems: logic is in one location
 2-tier: logic is split between client and server
 Smart Client or client-centric focuses on distributed
processing
 Smart Server or server-centric focus most processing on
server, user-services on client
 Three-tier/N-tier: logic dispersed, usually a minimum
of 3 layers: presentation, business logic, data services

11. Data Services
 What services belong in the database?
 Right answer is one that is easy to use, upgrade and
maintain
 Can mix business rules among validation rules, stored
procedures, triggers
 Can manage security with views, stored procedures as
well as logins, users, and roles