3. (1) Energy & Matter Cycling
• Sources of energy and matter must transform and transfer throughout an
Ecosystem:
• Transform To change form so that it can be used by that organism.
• Transfer Move from one organism to another.
• All living things rely on others for sources of energy and matter.
• Only 10% of total energy within each source is transferred to the next.
• Each time one organism eats another, they take in the matter it was made of,
and get energy from the bonds of those molecules.
4.
5. (2) Ecosystem
• An ecosystem is a specific environment with a unique group of living (biotic)
and nonliving (abiotic) factors.
• Examples of Biotic Factors:
• Plants
• Animals
• Bacteria
• Examples of Abiotic Factors:
• Water
• Sunlight
• Minerals
6.
7. (3) Types of Organisms
• Autotrophs:
Organisms that can produce their
own food from an unusable form
(like sunlight or inorganic compounds).
• Heterotrophs:
Organisms that cannot make their
own food, and need to eat other
living things for energy.
8. (4) Types of Heterotrophs
• Herbivore: A heterotroph whose diet is primarily plant-based.
• Carnivore: A heterotroph whose diet is primarily animal-based.
• Omnivore: A heterotroph whose diet is a balance of plant and animal matter.
• Detritivore: A heterotroph whose diet is deceased-animal-based.
• Decomposer: A heterotroph who eats deceased animals, and then completes
special processes to release their chemical matter back into the ecosystem.
9.
10. (5) What we know of Plants & Animals so far:
• Animals:
• Give off Carbon Dioxide gas in the dark and light.
• Take in Oxygen gas in the dark and light.
• Plants:
• Take in Carbon Dioxide, and give off Oxygen gas in the light.
• Take in Oxygen, and give off Carbon Dioxide gas in the dark.
• Plants & Animals rely one another for the gases each produces.
