2. Objectives:
Understand “What is Statistics for?”
Understand and learn the different types of data:
Qualitative and Quantitative (Discrete and Continuous)
Understand and make the Frequency table
Understand and work out Statistical Parameters:
Mode, Median, Mean and Range
Introduction:
Bar and Pie charts
22. The science related to the collection, analysis, presentation and
interpretation of data is called Statistics. A statistic is a single
valuethat gives information about a characteristicstudied in a set
of individuals called population.
When it is very expensive to study the characteristic in every individualof
the population or it takes too much time, you can study it only in some
membersof the population. This set of members is called sample.
science
data
sample population
individual
characteristicStatistics
value
set
members
23. The science related to the collection, analysis, presentation and
interpretation of data is called Statistics. A statistic is a single
valuethat gives information about a characteristicstudied in a set
of individuals called population.
When it is very expensive to study the characteristic in every individualof
the population or it takes too much time, you can study it only in some
membersof the population. This set of members is called sample.
data
sample population
individual
characteristicStatistics
value
set
members
24. The science related to the collection, analysis, presentation and
interpretation of data is called Statistics. A statistic is a single
valuethat gives information about a characteristicstudied in a set
of individuals called population.
When it is very expensive to study the characteristic in every individualof
the population or it takes too much time, you can study it only in some
membersof the population. This set of members is called sample.
sample population
individual
characteristicStatistics
value
set
members
25. The science related to the collection, analysis, presentation and
interpretation of data is called Statistics. A statistic is a single
valuethat gives information about a characteristicstudied in a set
of individuals called population.
When it is very expensive to study the characteristic in every individualof
the population or it takes too much time, you can study it only in some
membersof the population. This set of members is called sample.
sample population
individual
characteristic
value
set
members
26. The science related to the collection, analysis, presentation and
interpretation of data is called Statistics. A statistic is a single
valuethat gives information about a characteristicstudied in a set
of individuals called population.
When it is very expensive to study the characteristic in every individualof
the population or it takes too much time, you can study it only in some
membersof the population. This set of members is called sample.
sample population
individual
characteristic set
members
27. The science related to the collection, analysis, presentation and
interpretation of data is called Statistics. A statistic is a single
valuethat gives information about a characteristicstudied in a set
of individuals called population.
When it is very expensive to study the characteristic in every individualof
the population or it takes too much time, you can study it only in some
membersof the population. This set of members is called sample.
sample population
individual
set
members
28. The science related to the collection, analysis, presentation and
interpretation of data is called Statistics. A statistic is a single
valuethat gives information about a characteristicstudied in a set
of individuals called population.
When it is very expensive to study the characteristic in every individualof
the population or it takes too much time, you can study it only in some
membersof the population. This set of members is called sample.
sample population
individual
members
29. The science related to the collection, analysis, presentation and
interpretation of data is called Statistics. A statistic is a single
valuethat gives information about a characteristicstudied in a set
of individuals called population.
When it is very expensive to study the characteristic in every individualof
the population or it takes too much time, you can study it only in some
membersof the population. This set of members is called sample.
sample
individual
members
30. The science related to the collection, analysis, presentation and
interpretation of data is called Statistics. A statistic is a single
valuethat gives information about a characteristicstudied in a set
of individuals called population.
When it is very expensive to study the characteristic in every individualof
the population or it takes too much time, you can study it only in some
membersof the population. This set of members is called sample.
sample
members
31. The science related to the collection, analysis, presentation and
interpretation of data is called Statistics. A statistic is a single
valuethat gives information about a characteristicstudied in a set
of individuals called population.
When it is very expensive to study the characteristic in every individualof
the population or it takes too much time, you can study it only in some
membersof the population. This set of members is called sample.
sample
32. The science related to the collection, analysis, presentation and
interpretation of data is called Statistics. A statistic is a single
valuethat gives information about a characteristicstudied in a set
of individuals called population.
When it is very expensive to study the characteristic in every individualof
the population or it takes too much time, you can study it only in some
membersof the population. This set of members is called sample.
34. xi fi ni Fi Xi · fi αi
N = ∑ ni = 1 ∑ xi · fi = ∑ αi = 360°
FREQUENCY TABLE
Xi : variable (characteristic)
fi : absolute frequency ni : relative frequency (fi / N)
Fi : cumulative frequency αi : angle of each sector to draw the
Pie Chart (ni · 360°)
N: size of the population or sample (∑ fi)
35. xi fi ni Fi Xi · fi αi
5 12 12 60
6 27
7 10 37
8 48
N = ∑ ni = 1 ∑ xi · fi = ∑ αi = 360°
FREQUENCY TABLE
Xi : variable (characteristic)
fi : absolute frequency ni : relative frequency (fi / N)
Fi : cumulative frequency αi : angle of each sector to draw the
Pie Chart (ni · 360°)
N: size of the population or sample (∑ fi)
How much time your neighbours spend having their breakfast
(in minutes)
36. xi fi ni Fi Xi · fi αi
5 12 12 60
6 27
7 10 37
8 48/8 = 6 48
N = ∑ ni = 1 ∑ xi · fi = ∑ αi = 360°
FREQUENCY TABLE
Xi : variable (characteristic)
fi : absolute frequency ni : relative frequency (fi / N)
Fi : cumulative frequency αi : angle of each sector to draw the
Pie Chart (ni · 360°)
N: size of the population or sample (∑ fi)
How much time your neighbours spend having their breakfast
(in minutes)
37. xi fi ni Fi Xi · fi αi
5 12 12 60
6 27–12 = 15 27
7 10 37
8 6 48
N = ∑ ni = 1 ∑ xi · fi = ∑ αi = 360°
FREQUENCY TABLE
Xi : variable (characteristic)
fi : absolute frequency ni : relative frequency (fi / N)
Fi : cumulative frequency αi : angle of each sector to draw the
Pie Chart (ni · 360°)
N: size of the population or sample (∑ fi)
How much time your neighbours spend having their breakfast
(in minutes)
38. xi fi ni Fi Xi · fi αi
5 12 12 60
6 15 27
7 10 37
8 6 37+6=43 48
N = ∑ ni = 1 ∑ xi · fi = ∑ αi = 360°
FREQUENCY TABLE
Xi : variable (characteristic)
fi : absolute frequency ni : relative frequency (fi / N)
Fi : cumulative frequency αi : angle of each sector to draw the
Pie Chart (ni · 360°)
N: size of the population or sample (∑ fi)
How much time your neighbours spend having their breakfast
(in minutes)
39. xi fi ni Fi Xi · fi αi
5 12 0,28 12 60 100,8
6 15 0,35 27 90 126
7 10 0,23 37 70 82,8
8 6 0,14 43 48 50,4
N = 43 ∑ ni = 1 ∑ xi · fi = 268 ∑ αi = 360°
FREQUENCY TABLE
Xi : variable (characteristic)
fi : absolute frequency ni : relative frequency (fi / N)
Fi : cumulative frequency αi : angle of each sector to draw the
Pie Chart (ni · 360°)
N: size of the population or sample (∑ fi)
How much time your neighbours spend having their breakfast
(in minutes)
48. xi fi ni Fi Xi · fi αi
5 12 0,28 12 60 100,8
6 15 0,35 27 90 126
7 10 0,23 37 70 82,8
8 6 0,14 43 48 50,4
N = 43 ∑ ni = 1 ∑ xi · fi = 268 ∑ αi = 360°
FREQUENCY TABLE
How much time your neighbours spend having their breakfast
(in minutes)
49. xi fi ni Fi Xi · fi αi
5 12 0,28 12 60 100,8
6 15 0,35 27 90 126
7 10 0,23 37 70 82,8
8 6 0,14 43 48 50,4
N = 43 ∑ ni = 1 ∑ xi · fi = 268 ∑ αi = 360°
FREQUENCY TABLE
How much time your neighbours spend having their breakfast
(in minutes)
mode = 6
50. xi fi ni Fi Xi · fi αi
5 12 0,28 12 60 100,8
6 15 0,35 27 90 126
7 10 0,23 37 70 82,8
8 6 0,14 43 48 50,4
N = 43 ∑ ni = 1 ∑ xi · fi = 268 ∑ αi = 360°
FREQUENCY TABLE
How much time your neighbours spend having their breakfast
(in minutes)
mode = 6
median = 6 22nd value 21 values21 values
51. xi fi ni Fi Xi · fi αi
5 12 0,28 12 60 100,8
6 15 0,35 27 90 126
7 10 0,23 37 70 82,8
8 6 0,14 43 48 50,4
N = 43 ∑ ni = 1 ∑ xi · fi = 268 ∑ αi = 360°
FREQUENCY TABLE
How much time your neighbours spend having their breakfast
(in minutes)
mode = 6
mean = 268 / 43 = 6,23
median = 6 22nd value 21 values21 values
52. xi fi ni Fi Xi · fi αi
5 12 0,28 12 60 100,8
6 15 0,35 27 90 126
7 10 0,23 37 70 82,8
8 6 0,14 43 48 50,4
N = 43 ∑ ni = 1 ∑ xi · fi = 268 ∑ αi = 360°
FREQUENCY TABLE
How much time your neighbours spend having their breakfast
(in minutes)
mode = 6
mean = 268 / 43 = 6,23
range = 8 – 5 = 3
median = 6 22nd value 21 values21 values
53. BAR CHART
How much time your neighbours spend having their breakfast
(in minutes)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
5 6 7 8
Frequency
Minutes
54. PIE CHART
What your neighbours eat for breakfast
TOAST CAKE BISCUITS CROISSANT CORNFLAKES