the power point has been made with illustrations and videos to make it more explicable

1. Mammary
glands surgery
The mammary glands
MG – Modified skin glands –female functional
•Glandular tissue – divided into 2 main halves
•separated by a complete septum.
•The suspensory apparatus and blood and nerve
supply – independent of each other.

2. Suspensory ligament

3. Section of mammary glands

5. Nervous stimulation on udder

7. Anatomy
 So one half can be easily removed in diseased
condition without affecting the other.
 Each half---------- Cranial quarter
 ---------- Caudal quarter

8. Anatomy of mammary glands
 2 quarters of each half- independent glandular
tissue but common blood and nerve supply and
lymph drainage.( B.S.-ext. pudic and perineal)-
inguinal nerve

9. Structure of MG
 From outside to inside
– teat consist of
1.Skin(E,D)
 2.Muscular layer-M-
(outer longitudinal and
inner circular which
extends distally –
spincter of the teat
canal-S.)

10.  3. fibrous layer-
binding layer for
muscle with mucosa.-
C
 4. mucus mem-
longitudinal and
transverse folds-
intersect – form
pockets or recess-Mc
 Bacteria resides

11. Structure of MG

12.  At distal- mucosa-rose flower like folds pattern- rosette of
Furstenberg.----- R
 Duct system – 2 parts
 1.teat sinus/cistern
 2. streak canal.(pappilary duct)

13. Structure of MG
 Teat cistern – separated
from gland
cistern – annular fold-A
 Ventrally the rostte of
Furstenberg
separates teat cistern
from the streak canal.
 Closing mechanism –
rostte of Furstenberg-
sphincter muscle-
prevents milk leakage
and entry of microbes.

14. Anaesthesia
 Surgery of MG- ring block- 10-12 ml lignocaine
2%
 Posterior epidural block.
 Spinal anaesthetics

16. Supernumery teats
 Supernumery teats – teats in between normal
teats
 Removed for – cosmetic- interfere with
milking procedure.
- unfit character for breeding
 2 elliptical incisions- close with non-absorbable.
 FUSED TEATS- skin are fused- without
involving teat canal or muscles.
 Divided surgically and cutaneous wound
sutured

17. Teat laceration
 Teat lacerations
 Higher in
goats(pendulous
udder and long
teats)
 Etio-Direct injury
 Superficial wounds –
general principles

18. Teat laceration
 Large wounds – involving skin and
muscularis but not mucosa. suture
 Deep lacerations – involve mucosa,
a complete longitudinal tearing.

19. Teat laceration
 Ring block – tourniquet –
check haemorhage and
milk inflow into cistern.
 Teat siphon inserted –
debridement is properly
done
 Close the mucosa –
simple continuous-
atraumatic needle.
 Finally skin

20. Teat lacerations
 Check leakage to
ensure a proper
sealing –fistula may
form later.
 Antibiotic preparation
into teat.
 Polyethy- catheter –
mastitis.

22. Teat Fistula
 Teat cistern and teat
surface- milk flows in
lactating animals.
 Aquired and rarely
congenital.
 Best treated during
dry period.

23. Teat Fistula
 If very small- mild chemical cauterization.
 If large- reconstructive surgery. If inflamed
delay the operation since chance of
recurrence.
 Repair-2 elliptical incisions – debridement
and undermining- close.

24. Papilloma/warts
 Papilloma/warts- finger-like
 Isolated or multiple projections
 Ligate at the base – drops off.-if not
surgical.

25. LACTOLITHS:
 LACTOLITHS:
 Teat cistern liths due to mineral deposits.
 Concretions and rarely as organized
calculi.- obstruction to milking. Lodged at
teat orifice.
 If small removed by teat orifice by milking.
 Mosquito forceps if large.or use teat
bistoury to slit the contracted sphincter.

26. Polyp
 Polyp:
 Pea sized growth- attached to wall of teat
cistern-clamped and removed by alligator
forceps.

27. Teat spider :(memberanous obstruction)
Congenital Aquired
 Teat spider : Improper Injury,
(memberanous
development tumour or
obstruction)
of teat infection
 Congenital or
aquired Milk pocket present
usually not
 Symptom: present
 Obstruction to milk Treatment Rewarding
flow not and
rewarding prognosis is
good

28. Teat spider :(memberanous
obstruction)
 Milk pocket-fluctuating milk above the
obstruction.
 In congenital- milk pocket is absent.
Treatment is not rewarding. If the milk
pocket is palpated prognosis is good.
 Hudson ‘s teat spiral is introduced with 3-4
revolutions.
 Milk also prevents the stricture
formation.do not milk it completely.

29. Reference
 Reference: RPS Tyagi, Ruminant surgery

30. Questions???