1. Presented by-

2. Content:
 What is textile?
 History of several fabric
 Stages of textile
 Ancient & current processing of textile
 Textiles during industrial revolution
 Early inventions
 Modern developments
 Small brief on current textile world
 Bangladesh’s textile situation

3. What is textile:
A textile is any kind of woven, knitted, knotted or tufted
clothe, or a non-woven fabric (a cloth made of fibers that
have been bonded into a fabric, e.g. felt). Textile has
traditionally meant a woven fabric. The term comes from a
Latin word taxere, meaning to weave. A textile is made
from fiber or other extended linear materials such as thread
or yarn. The various categories of textiles include
woven, crochet, knitted, knotted or tufted cloth, and non-
woven fabrics such as felt. Materials such as
fiberglass, which are made from fibers dispersed in a
matrix of another material are called composite materials
rather than textiles.

4. History of several fabric:
Yarn, fabrics, and tools for spinning and weaving have
been found from the relics of the early human habitations.
Linen fabrics were discovered in Egypt around 5000 B.C.
Woolen textiles from the early Bronze Age in Scandinavia and
Switzerland have also been found centuries ago. Cotton has
been spun and woven in India since 3000 B.C., and silk has
been woven in China since 1000 B.C. Around the 4th century
A.D., Constantinople began to weave the raw silk imported
from China. Many textiles have been in use for almost a
millennium, while others use artificial fibers and are
recent inventions. The
range of fibers has increased in the last100 years.
The first synthetics were made in the1920s and
1930s.

5. Stages
in Textiles

6. Ancient & current processing of textile
In this section we discuss and compare the ancient textile
processing technique with the current one. We can know here
the revolution of textile technology.
 SPINNING
Ancient Spinning:
20,000 years ago, tufts of animal hair or plant fiber are rolled
down the thigh with the hand, and additional tufts are added
as needed until the desired length of spun fiber is
achieved. Later, the fiber is fastened to a
stone which is twirled round until the
yarn is sufficiently twisted, whereupon
it is wound upon the stone and
the process repeated over and over

7. The next method of spinning yarn is with the spindle, a
straight stick eight to twelve inches long on
which the yarn is wound after twisting.
A spinning wheel is a device for spinning thread or
yarn from natural or synthetic fibers. Spinning
wheels appeared in Asia, probably in the
11th century, and very gradually replaced
hand spinning with spindle and distaff.
Spinning machinery, such as the spinning
jenny and spinning frame, displaced the
spinning wheel during the Industrial
Revolution.

8. Present spinning: Most spinning now is done using break
or open-end spinning, this is a technique where the staples
are blown by air into a rotating drum, where they attach
themselves to the tail of formed yarn that is continually
being drawn out of the chamber. Other methods of break
spinning use needles and electrostatic forces. This method
has replaced the older methods of ring and mule spinning.
It is also easily adapted for artificial fibers.

9. We a v i n g
ancient weaving: There are some indications that weaving
was already known in the Paleolithic era. An indistinct textile
impression has been found at Pavlov, Moravia. Neolithic
textiles are well known from finds from the advanced
civilization preserved in the pile dwellings in Switzerland.
One extant fragment from the Neolithic was found in
Fayum, at a site dated to about 5000 BC. This fragment is
woven at about 12 threads by 9 threads per cm in a plain
weave.Flax was
the predominant fiber in Egypt at this
time (3600 BC) and continued popularity
in the Nile Valley, though wool
became the primary fiber used in other
cultures around 2000 BC

10. Present weaving: The weaving process uses a loom. The
length way threads are known as the warp, and the cross
way threads are known as the weft. The warp which must
be strong needs to be presented to loom on a warp beam.
The weft passes across the loom in a shuttle, that carries
the yarn on a pirn. These pirns are automatically changed
by the loom. Thus, the yarn needs to be wrapped onto a
beam, and onto pirns before weaving can commence.
A draper loom A wrapper

11. Textiles during
industrial revolution
 The First Industrial Revolution between 1750 and
1850
 The second phase or Second Industrial Revolution
between 1860 and 1900
 The three key drivers in these changes were textile
manufacturing, iron founding and steam power

12. Reasons for revolutions
in textiles
 Before 17th century, people manufacture goods in their
home
 They are transported throughout the country through
river or by horses
 Need for more goods led to the industrial revolution in
early 18th century

13. Early inventions
 The only surviving example of a Spinning Mule built
by the inventor Samuel Crompton
 In 1764 James Hargreaves invented Spinning Jenny &
Richard Arkwright invented water frame.
 Samuel Crompton's Spinning Mule invented in 1779
 This was patented in 1769 and so came out of patent in
1783
 In 1804 Joseph Marie Jacquard invented the Jacquard
Loom

14. Early inventions
 1856 William Perkin invented the first synthetic dye.
 The end of the patent was rapidly followed by the
erection of many cotton mills
 Similar technology was subsequently applied to
spinning worsted yarn for various textiles and flax for
linen

15. Modern developments
 Ring spinning technology had successfully replaced
the spinning mule, with mills having been converted
mules to rings
 In the 1970s, the depleted industry was challenged by a
new technology open-end or break spinning
 1978 Carrington Viyella opened a factory to do open-
end spinning in Atherton
 This was the first new textile production facility in
Lancashire since 1929

16. Global textiles –Fact sheet
Top 5 cotton bale producers
Country No of bales (in
Millions/yr)
China 25.3
India 20.8
United States 19.2
Pakistan 11.7
Brazil 7.2

17.  Major cotton producers
World’s Major Cotton Producers
China
25% 24%
US
India
4% Pakistan
6% Uzbeikistan
21%
8% Turkey
12%
Others

18. Global total production and
consumption of fiber

19. Global focus

20. Part of Asian counties in textiles
 Asian countries are major producers of
fiber, yarn, fabrics and garments
 EU, USA and other countries depend mainly on south
Asian nations especially China and India & bangladesh

22. Bangladesh textiles history
 Bangladesh began exporting ready-made garments (RMG)
including woven, knitted, and sweater garments in 1978
 We earn US$3.5 million in 1981 and it increases US$10.7
billion in 2007
 Until FY 1994, Bangladesh's RMG industry was mostly
dependent on imported fabrics-the Primary Textile Sector
(PTS) was not producing the necessary fabrics and yarn.

23. Bangladesh textiles - Fact sheet
 Largest industry in the country
 2nd largest employment generator after agriculture
 Employs about 4.2 million people
 the second highest knitted good manufacturer in the
world
 Ready made garments sector currently about 40% of
total manufacturing and accounts for 76% of the
country's export earnings and 10% of its GDP.

24. Bangladesh textiles - Fact sheet
 Now there are near 3000 factories of ready made
garments
 In 2007 Ready made garments sector earned $9.35
billion.
 85% of total employees are women

25. Markets for Bangladesh
 Bangladesh was the sixth largest exporter of apparel in the
world after China, The EU, Hong Kong , Turkey and India
in 2006.
 In 2006 Bangladesh's share in the world apparel exports
was 2.8%
 Today, the US remains the largest market for Bangladesh's
woven garments taking US$2.42 billion, a 47% share of
Bangladesh's total woven exports
 In next five years Bangladesh will become largest ready
made garments manufacturer
 Currently Bangladesh is now second largest ready made
garments manufacturer after china

26. Future of Bangladesh
 After global financial crisis of 2009 the labor costs rise, for that many
foreign investors, are coming to Bangladesh to take advantage of the
low labor cost.
 Now the investors are start using locally accessories minting the
required quality. Zippers, buttons, labels, hooks, hangers, elastic
bands, thread, backboards, butterfly pins, clips, collar
stays, collarbones and cartons are the major garment accessories
produced in Bangladesh.
 Many small and medium accessory industries have grown here over the
years, particularly to meet high demand from low-end garment makers
The accessory market is dominated by multinational companies
operating in Bangladesh
 Now it is time for the Bangladeshi Merchandiser to introduce more
local trims and trims manufacturer to buyer to show their expertise