Non aqueous solutions

1. NON-AQUEOUS
SOLUTIONS
Reporter: Dale Faith O. Dumalagan
Source:
Ansel’s Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug
Delivery Systems

2. The term solutions are liquid preparations
that contain one or more chemical substances
dissolved in a suitable solvent or mixture of
mutually miscible solvents.
Dosage forms are prepared by dissolving
the active ingredients in an AQUEOUS or
NONAQUEOUS solvents.
What are SOLUTIONS?

3. Classification of Solution
Accoding to Vehicle
Aqueous
NONAQUEOUS

4. AQUEOUS
-These are homogenous
mixtures that are prepared by
dissolving a solid, liquid or gas in
an aqueous medium (vehicle).
Vehicle: Water, aromatic water,
or extracts.
NONAQUEOUS
- The solutions obtained by
dissolving a solute in any solvent
other than water (non aqueous
means without water).
Vehicle: benzene, alcohol, ether,
carbon, disulphide, carbon
tetrachloride, acetone, etc.,
Aqueous VS Nonaqueous

5. 1. Douches
2. Enemas
3. Gargles
4. Mouthwashes
5. Nasal washes
6. Juices
7. Sprays
8. Otic solutions
9. Inhalations
1. Elixirs
2. Spirits
3. Collodions
4. Glycerins
5. Liniments
6. Oleo Vitamins
AQUEOUS NONAQUEOUS
Phamaceutical Solutions

6.  Are clear, pleasantly flavored, sweetened hydro
alcoholic liquids intended for oral use.
 The main ingredients in elixirs are ethanol and
water but glycerin, sorbitol, propylene glycol,
flavoring agents, preservatives, and syrups are
often used in the preparation of the final product.
 They are used as flavors and vehicles e.g.
Dexamethasone Elixir USP and Phenobarbital
Elixir USP.
1. Elixirs

7.  Alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions of volatile
substances. The active ingredient may be gas, liquid or
solid.
 Spirits may be used internally for their medicinal value,
by inhalation but is mostly used as flavouring agents
 Spirits should be stored in tight, light-resistant
containers and in a cool place
 Spirits are preparation of high alcoholic strength
2. Spirits

8.  Are liquid preparations containing pyroxylin (nitrocellulose) in
a mixture of ethyl ether and ethanol.
 They are applied to the skin by means of a soft brush or
other suitable applicator and, when the ether and ethanol
have evaporated, leave a film of pyroxylin on the surface.
 The official medicated collodion, Salicylic Acid Collodion
USP, contains 10 % w/v of Salicylic Acid in Flexible Collodion
USP and is used as a keratolytic agent in the treatment of
corns and warts.
3. Collodions

9. Glycerins are solutions or mixtures of medicinal
substances in not less than 50% by weight of glycerin.
Glycerin is used as the sole solvent for the preparation
of Antipyrine and Benzocaine Otic Solution USP. As
noted under Otic Solutions, glycerin alone is used to
aid in the removal of cerumen.
Glycerins are hygroscopic and should be: stored in
tightly closed containers.
4. Glycerins/Glycerites

10. Are solutions or mixtures of various substances in oil,
alcoholic solutions of soaps, or emulsions.
They are intended for external application and should
be so labeled.
They are applied with rubbing to the affected area, the
oil or soap base providing for ease of application and
massage.
5. Liniments

11. Alcoholic liniments are used generally for their
rubefaciant and counterirritant effects. Such
liniments penetrate the skin more readily than do
those with an oil base.
The oily liniments are milder in their action and
may function solely as protective coatings.
Liniments should not be applied to skin that are
bruised or broken.

12. Oleo vitamins are fish liver oils diluted with edible
vegetable oil or solutions of the indicated vitamins
(usually vitamins A and D).
The indicated vitamins are unstable in the
presence of rancid oils and, therefore, those
preparations, should be stored in small, tight
containers, preferably under vacuum or under an
atmosphere of an inert gas, protected from light.
6. Oleo Vitamins