7. Thymine
Thymine
Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Adenine
Cytosine
Thymine
G A C
A C
Thymine
Adenine
Adenine
RNA
Polymerase
Thymine
Cytosine
Thymine
Guanine
Adenine
Thymine
G C
A
Guanine
Adenine
3’
Cytosine
Cytosine
Adenine
A U G
A U G
Guanine
Cytosine
Cytosine
Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
5’
Guanine
Cytosine
Adenine
mRNA strand
C
C A
5’
3’
21. Summary:
DNA transcription occurs in the nucleus of the cell. RNA polymerase breaks the
hydrogen bonds in the DNA and makes the mRNA strand from the base pairs. As
RNA polymerase is making the mRNA strand the hydrogen bonds reform. The
mRNA strand then goes to the cytoplasm to go through translation so the mRNA
can be translated into protein. A ribosome (rRNA) takes the mRNA strand in it’s
small subunit and at the beginning of the strand there is a start codon then there are
three codons and then there is a stop codon. The start codon is always AUG. The
start codon is in the small subunit of the ribosome and a tRNA molecule comes into
the large subunit of the ribosome with the anti codon of the start codon and the
codon and the anti codon attach and when they come apart the amino acid at the
top of the tRNA molecule forms a peptide bond with the amino acid with the next
tRNA molcule’s amino acid. Then the process continues like that until the stop
codon is reached and the stop codon does not have an anti codon so the polypeptide
chain is completed and released. When the chain is released all of the amino acids
have their own charge so they all come together in a globular structure, which is a
protein.
