Chapter 14 The Origin of Species

Chapter 14 The Origin of Species 0

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 14.1

[object Object],[object Object]

CONCEPTS OF SPECIES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],Figure 14.2B Figure 14.2A

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Table 14.3

[object Object],[object Object],Figure 14.3A

[object Object],[object Object],Figure 14.3B

[object Object],[object Object],Figure 14.3C

[object Object],[object Object],Figure 14.3D

MECHANISMS OF SPECIATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],A. harrisi A. leucurus Figure 14.4

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 14.5A Starch medium Maltose medium Initial sample of fruit flies Results of mating experiments Female Starch Maltose Female Same Different population populations Male Maltose Starch Male Different Same Mating frequencies in experimental group Mating frequencies in control group 22 9 20 8 12 18 15 15

[object Object],[object Object],Figure 14.5B A pupfish

[object Object],[object Object],Figure 14.6B Parent species Meiotic error Self-fertilization Offspring may be viable and self-fertile Zygote Unreduced diploid gametes 2 n = 6 Diploid 4 n = 12 Tetraploid O . gigas O . lamarckiana Figure 14.6A

CONNECTION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],  Triticum monococcum (14 chromosomes) Wild Triticum (14 chromosomes) Sterile hybrid (14 chromosomes) Meiotic error and self-fertilization T.turgidum Emmer wheat (28 chromosomes) T.tauschii (wild) (14 chromosomes) Sterile hybrid (21 chromosomes) Meiotic error and self-fertilization T.aestivum Bread wheat (42 chromosomes) Figure 14.7A Figure 14.7B AA BB AB AA BB DD ABD AA BB DD

[object Object],[object Object],Figure 14.8B Figure 14.8A Cactus-seed-eater (cactus finch) Seed-eater (medium ground finch) Tool-using insect-eater (woodpecker finch) 1 2 3 4 5 A B B B C C C B C C D D D

TALKING ABOUT SCIENCE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 14.9

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 14.10A Time

[object Object],[object Object],Time Figure 14.10B

MACROEVOLUTION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 14.11 Light-sensitive cells Light-sensitive cells Fluid-filled cavity Transparent protective tissue (cornea) Cornea Layer of light-sensitive cells (retina) Nerve fibers Nerve fibers Optic nerve Optic nerve Optic nerve Eyecup Retina Lens Patch of light- sensitive cells Eyecup Simple pinhole camera-type eye Eye with primitive lens Complex camera-type eye Limpet Abalone Nautilus Marine snail Squid

[object Object],[object Object],Figure 14.12A

[object Object],[object Object],Figure 14.12B Chimpanzee fetus Chimpanzee adult Human fetus Human adult

[object Object],[object Object],Figure 14.12C ,[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 14.13 Hippidion and other genera Nannippus Neohipparion Hipparion Sinohippus Megahippus Archaeohippus Callippus Hypohippus Anchitherium Miohippus Parahippus Paleotherium Propalaeotherium Pachynolophus Orohippus Epihippus Equus Pliohippus Merychippus Mesohippus Hyracotherium Grazers Browsers EOCENE OLIGOCENE MIOCENE PLIOCENE E RECENT PLEISTOCEN

Chapter 14 The Origin of Species

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Chapter 14 The Origin of Species