Report on Nayak Committee

1. NAYAK COMMITTEE
Group – 9
 Astha Shiv- 11020241075
 Meghna George- 11020241118
 Madhavi Neema- 11020241116

2. INDEX
CHAPTER TOPIC
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Institutional credit agreement for SSI
Chapter 3 Adequacy and flow of institutional credit for working
capital
Chapter 4 Institutional credit for term finance
Chapter 5 Norms for working capital and lending methods
Chapter 6 Rehabilitation of sick SSI units
Chapter 7 Suggestions/ recommendations

3. INTRODUCTION
•Tandon committee and Chore committee – too strict and
sophisticated for SSI
•Nayak committee under the chairmanship of SH. P.R
Nayak, appointed by RBI to look into the problem.
•Nayak committee was constituted by RBI in December
1991
•Its main role is to examine the issues confronting
SSIs(now MSE) in the matter of obtaining finance

4. TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR NAYAK
COMMITTEE
1. To examine the adequacy of institutional credit for the SSI sector
• Increase in cost of raw materials
• Term finance
• Revision in RBI guidelines- rehabilitation of sick SSI units
2. In the light of the above, to suggest:
•ensuring adequate flow of institutional credit for working capital and
term finance
•modifications/relaxations of norms prescribed by the Tandon / Chore
Committee.
•Methods for minimizing delays in realization of bills
3. Recommendation required for on any other related matter.

5. CHAPTER TOPIC
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 INSTITUTIONAL CREDIT
FACILITIES FOR SSI
Chapter 3 Adequacy and flow of institutional credit for working capital
Chapter 4 Institutional credit for term finance
Chapter 5 Norms for working capital and lending methods
Chapter 6 Rehabilitation of sick SSI units
Chapter 7 Suggestions/ recommendations

6. INSTITUTIONAL CREDIT FACILITIES
FOR SSI
SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES
•includes industries with high capital investment
•Also includes tiny industrial units
• Village and cottage industries.
Subsectors:
•SSI engaged in manufacturing processing preservation of goods(
investment <= 60 lakh, 70 lakh in case of EOUs)
•Tiny enterprises ( investment in plant and machinery <= 5 lakh)
•Village and cottage industries( eg artisians, khadi, handloom,
sericulture, handicrafts)

7. INSTITUTIONAL CREDIT FACILITIES
FOR SSI
ROLE OF SSIs IN 1992
1992 2012
Employment generation-4.3 Employment generation-59
Cr, March 1991 million persons in over 26
million units
57% Share of the traditional 45 per cent of the
industries, 27% of Exports manufacturing output and 40
per cent of the total exports
Rs 84,413 crore in 1992-93 Rs. 9,82919 crore in 2009-10
Play significant role in rural
upliftment & removal of
poverty
Mobilize rural resources

8. INSTITUTIONAL CREDIT FACILITIES FOR
SSI
DISADVANTAGES FACED BY SSI IN 1992
•Inadequacies in Infrastructure and technology
•Captive to large industries or middlemen
•Weak Capital base
•Large reliance on borrowed funds
•Lack of organizational, managerial and financial skills
•Credit Institutions are thus hesitant to cater to financial needs of SSI
sector

9. INSTITUTIONAL CREDIT FACILITIES
FOR SSI
•Credit guarantee scheme introduced in 1960
•RBI initiated multi agency approach for growth of SSI
•For smooth flow of credit: RBI issued set of guidelines to CB’s
AGENCIES INVOLVED IN GRANTING LOANS TO SSI
•Commercial Banks
•State Financial Corporations
•Industrial Development Bank of India(IDBI)
•Small Industrial Bank of India(SIDBI)
•National Bank for Agricultural & rural Development (NABARD)
•Other financing agencies
•Other institutions

10. INSTITUTIONAL CREDIT FACILITIES
FOR SSI
1990- SSI
•Advances to the SSI sector by scheduled commercial banks was
Rs.17,513 crores as at the end of March 1991.
•share of advances to SSI in total bank credit was16%.
•Outstanding advances to the SSI sector from all scheduled commercial
banks by way of working capital was Rs. 12,399 crores as at the end of
March 1990.
• Working capital finance formed a high proportion of the total advances
of scheduled commercial banks to the SSI sector (78% as at the end of
March 1990).

11. CHAPTER TOPIC
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Institutional credit facilities for SSI
CHAPTER 3 ADEQUACY AND FLOW OF
INSTITUTIONAL CREDIT FOR
WORKING CAPITAL
Chapter 4 Institutional credit for term finance
Chapter 5 Norms for working capital and lending methods
Chapter 6 Rehabilitation of sick SSI units
Chapter 7 Suggestions/ recommendations

12. ADEQUACY AND FLOW OF INSTITUTIONAL
CREDIT FOR WORKING CAPITAL
RBI issued a set of comprehensive instructions/ guidelines to commercial
banks in 1988 in the matter of financing the working capital requirements
of SSI units. These instructions envisage, inter alia, the following :
•Full working capital limits, on the basis of “need” related to the rated
capacity of the unit(sanctioned at the commencement itself, contingency
provision of about 10 per cent)
•Branches should regulate the operations in the account consistent with the
actual requirements and the contingencies which may arise(limits
sanctioned, drawls should be allowed automatically to match the increasing
levels of operations)
•Communication regarding credit assistance to applicant( within 8-9 weeks
from the date of receipt of application)

13. •Requests for increase in limits should be considered
expeditiously and decisions taken promptly and ,within 6
weeks.
•To ensure that limits are rejected or reduced (from the level
applied for) after due consideration, the following procedure
should be adhered to:-
•Applications for fresh limits/enhancement of existing limits
should not be rejected without the approval of the next
higher authority.
•Sanction of reduced limits should be reported to the next
higher authority immediately with full details for review and
confirmation

14. OPEN SYSTEM FOR SSI & BANKS
Open system :
•Shared responsibility which, in turn, will
• fosters mutual confidence
•. Facilitates detection of sickness at the very early stages
Credit Planning Process
•Meet general capital requirements
•Budget in respect of the working capital required by SSI
Budgeting Should Include
1. functioning (healthy) units which already have borrowing limits
with the banks,
2. new units/units whose proposals are under appraisal
3. sick units under nursing and also sick units found viable and for
which rehabilitation programmes are under preparation.

15. WORKING CAPITAL BUDGETING
•Requests for increase in limits should be considered expeditiously
and decisions taken promptly and ,within 6 weeks.
•To ensure that limits are rejected or reduced (from the level applied
for) after due consideration, the following procedure should be
adhered to:-
•Applications for fresh limits/enhancement of existing limits
should not be rejected without the approval of the next higher
authority.
•Sanction of reduced limits should be reported to the next
higher authority immediately with full details for review and
confirmation

16. GRIEVENCE REDRESSAL FOR SSI
•One day in a month : Grievance redressal of customers,
•Periodical banker-borrower meets,
• Senior officials dealing with customers complaints during their regular
visits to branches, should be preserved with.
•Creation of an „ombudsman‟ type of authority, on a full time basis, at the
regional / controlling offices within the banks.
•RBI should undertake a periodical review of the working of the
grievance redressal machinery in each bank with a view to toning up the
same, wherever deficiencies are observed.

17. CHAPTER TOPIC
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Institutional credit agreement for SSI
Chapter 3 Adequacy and flow of institutional credit for working
capital
CHAPTER INSTITUTIONAL CREDIT FOR
4 TERM FINANCE
Chapter 5 Norms for working capital and lending methods
Chapter 6 Rehabilitation of sick SSI units
Chapter 7 Suggestions/ recommendations

18. INSTITUTIONAL CREDIT FOR TERM
FINANCE
Institutional sources of term credit: not for all capital investments in SSI
The flow of term finance to the SSI units is dependent, to a large extent, on
the refinance assistance from SIDBI, Table Below
Year Refinance disbursed an bills Term credit corresponding
rediscounted by IDBI/SIDBI to Col.2
1985-86 527.5 621
1986-87 587.2 808
1987-88 711.4 837
1988-89 834.8 902
1989-90 946.2 1113
1990-91 1099.9 1294
1991-92 1246.3 1466

19. Continue...
•Term credit requirements of the SSI sector are mainly met by
•SFC‟S
95%
•Commercial banks;
•Regional Rural Banks (RRBs)
•National Small Industries Corporation Ltd. (NSIC)
•Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) also assist
the SSI sector by providing term loans, besides other types of
assistance.

20. CHAPTER TOPIC
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Institutional credit agreement for SSI
Chapter 3 Adequacy and flow of institutional credit for working capital
Chapter 4 Institutional credit for term finance
CHAPTER NORMS FOR WORKING CAPITAL
5 AND LENDING METHODS
Chapter 6 Rehabilitation of sick SSI units
Chapter 7 Suggestions/ recommendations

21. RECOMODATION BY TANDON COMMITTE
The Tondon committee recommended radical changes in the system of bank
lending
•Shifted the basis of bank lending from erstwhile security-oriented system to
a production oriented
•The major changes introduced as a sequel to the Working Group’s
recommendations consisted of
•norms relating to inventory and receivables (current assets)
• method of lending
METHODS OF ARRIVING AT MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE LEVEL OF BANK
FINANCE(MPBF)
1. Banks could provide finance up to a maximum of 75 percent of the Working
Capital gap ensuring current ratio 1:1
2. The balance 25% of total current assets should be to be contributed by a
borrowing unit out of its long term funds ensuring current ratio 1.33:1
3. A borrowing unit is required to contribute from out of its long term funds
towards the build-up of the entire Core Current assets, further
strengthening the current ratio

22. RECOMODATION BY TANDON
COMMIITTE
•SSI units which are producing import substitutes, ( activities which are
seasonal such as the fire work industry, pesticides formulators etc. should
receive special attention particularly in matter of inventory levels that can
be help and permissible bank finance for working capital.
•The problems faced by the SSI units in regard to the availability of raw
material, have been brought to the notice of the Committee.
•Apart from their need for stocking the raw materials ,there is also the
problem of price
•Eg.As in the case of steel, coal and petroleum products.
•In the case of small scale industries which are mainly dependent upon
such raw materials, there should be an automatic provision in the system
of providing working capital
•This will enable the borrower to draw higher amounts to procure the
normal level of raw materials at the enhanced prices, even if the existing
credit limit may not he adequate for the purpose.

23. CHAPTER TOPIC
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Institutional credit agreement for SSI
Chapter 3 Adequacy and flow of institutional credit for working capital
Chapter 4 Institutional credit for term finance
Chapter 5 Norms for working capital and lending methods
Chapter 6 Rehabilitation of sick SSI units
Chapter 7 Suggestions/ recommendations

24. REHABILITATION OF SSI SICK UNITS
Increase in institutional credit for SSI units and the rapid growth of
the industries the phenomenon of sickness in the SSI sector also
became prominent.
This led to:
•Wastage of precious capital investment in the units,
•Increase in NPA of the credit institutions RBI as well as the
Central/State Governments
Resulted to issuing appropriate guidelines to banks and financial
institutions, these efforts also resulted in the setting up of state level
forums of coordination known as the State Level Inter Institutional
Committees (SLIIC).

25. REHABILITATION OF SSI SICK UNITS
Sickness in the SSI sector is mainly from
•limited financial resources
•lack of organisational, financial and management skills and expertise.
SSI units are extremely susceptible to even minor environmental pressures.
The external causes of sickness are many, the more important of which are
(i) Availability of raw materials and other inputs including power,
(ii) marketing difficulties
(iii) delayed and inadequate credit
(iv) high rates and taxes
(v) labour problems
(vi) faulty appraisal of projects
(vii) Management which is
In the case of SSI where more than 97%£ of the units have proprietary / partnership
forms of organisations, management efficiency is of crucial importance for the
success of the unit.

26. CLASSIFICATION OF SICK UNITS
SSI Meaning(Prior to Narsimham Committee)
Cash loss in two consecutive years(cumulative cash losses
to the extent of 50%)
Continuously defaulted(4quarter)
Tiny SSI – (a) or (b) Large SSI – Both (a) & (B)
Narsimam Committee: Classification of Assets
Standard Assets
Sub Standard Assets
Doubtful Assets Losses
SSI unit may be classified as sick when -
Borrowable accounts has become a „doubtful,i.e.,
overdue for periods exceeding 2 ½ years, and
Erosion in net worth due to accumulated cash losses
>50% in preceding two years.

27. CHAPTER TOPIC
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Institutional credit agreement for SSI
Chapter 3 Adequacy and flow of institutional credit for working capital
Chapter 4 Institutional credit for term finance
Chapter 5 Norms for working capital and lending methods
Chapter 6 Rehabilitation of sick SSI units
Chapter 7 Suggestions/
recommendations

28. Report of the Committee to Examine the Adequacy
of Institutional Credit to SSI Sector(now MSE)
and Related Aspects (Nayak Committee)
All the major recommendations of the Committee have been accepted
and the banks have been inter-alia advised to:
i. Give preference to village industries, tiny industries and other small
scale units in that order, while meeting the credit requirements of the
small scale sector;
ii. Grant working capital credit limits to SSI (now MSE) units computed
on the basis of minimum 20% of their estimated annual turnover
whose credit limit in individual cases is upto Rs.2 crores [ since raised
to Rs.5 crores ];
iii. Prepare annual credit budget on the `bottom-up’ basis to ensure that
the legitimate requirements of SSI (now MSE) sector are met in full;
iv. Extend ‘Single Window Scheme’ of SIDBI to all districts to meet the
financial requirements (both working capital and term loan) of
SSIs(now MSE)

29. v. Ensure that there should not be any delay in sanctioning and
disbursal of credit. In case of rejection/curtailment of credit limit of
the loan proposal, a reference to higher authorities should be made;
vi. Not to insist on compulsory deposit as a `quid pro-quo’ for
sanctioning the credit;
vii. Open specialised SSI (now MSE) bank branches or convert those
branches which have a fairly large number of SSI (now MSE)
borrowable accounts, into specialised SSI (now MSE) branches;
viii. Identify sick SSI (now MSE) units and take urgent action to put them
on nursing programmes;
ix. Standardise loan application forms for SSI (now MSE) borrowers;
x. Impart training to staff working at specialised branches to bring
about attitudinal change in them.

30. Action on Nayak Committee
recommendations by RBI:
•Banks should take immediate steps to ensure full adherence in letter and
spirit by all their branches and controlling offices to the RBI guidelines.
•The procedure and time frame laid down for disposal of loan application
received from SSI borrowers should be strictly enforced.
•Problems faced by the SSI sector in regard to bank finance, to a large
extent could be solved if the branch level officials have the right
aptitude, skills and orientation
One of the complaints frequently voiced by the SSI units pertains to
insistence by some banks on compulsory deposit mobilisation as a quid pro
quo for the sanction of credit facilities to the units.

31. Continue…
•The 2nd All India Census of SSI (1988) carried out by the Development
Commissioner(SSI), Govt. of India, has revealed that there were 85
district in the county each with more than 2000 registered SSI units with
Industries Dept. of the State Govt. and another 110 districts each having
between 1000 to 2000 registered SSI units.
• RBI decided during July 1993 that while SFCs - act as the principal
financing agency for SSIs in 40 out of the 85 districts referred to above to
take care of both the term loan and working capital requirements of all
new SSI units which can be financed under Single Window Scheme (SWS)
of SIDBI.
• The commercial banks should act as the principal financing agency
under the SWS in the remaining 45 districts, as well as in rest of the
country.

32. Important banking operational
clarification on Nayak Committee
Recommendations
The implementation of recommendations of Nayak Committee, relating
particularly to the assessment of working capital, gave rise to certain operational
problems. Reserve Bank has clarified these issues on the following lines:
•The assessment of credit limits for all borrowers enjoying aggregate fund based
working capital limits of less than Rs. 1 crores from the banking system, is to be
done both as per the traditional method and on the turnover basis and the higher
of the two limits is to be fixed as the permissible bank finance.
• Nayak Committee has stated that the working capital below the minimum level
of 20% may be justified under special circumstances in which the requirement is
demonstratively lower than the minimum level as in the case of ancillary units.
•Where the working capital cycle is shorter than 3 months, the working capital
required would be less than 25% of the projected turnover. In such case it is not
required to still give PBF at 20% of the turnover.

33. Continue…
•If the liquid surplus available with the borrower is higher than 5% of the
turnover, as stipulated under the recommendations, the limits can be fixed at a
lower level than 20% of the turnover keeping in view that the genuine
requirements of the unit are met adequately.
•If a unit has been managing its working capital efficiently, the limits can be set at
a lower level.
•The units having longer operating cycle for working capital than three
months, should be provided proper limits to operate at a viable level taking into
account the recommendation that 20% of the turnover is the minimum stipulation
and not the maximum.
•In case of seasonal industries the distinction between the peak and non-peak
level of turnover has to be considered instead of annual turnover.

34. Important banking operational
clarification on Nayak Committee
Recommendations
•The creditors and other current liabilities are among the sources of funds
required for building up the current assets and will be treated in the same
manner as in the traditional method.
•The borrower’s contribution (margin) will be 5% of the turnover in all cases
except where the working capital cycle is not taken at three months.
• The margin will proportionately increase with the increase in the period of
operating cycle.
• Care is to be taken that the proportion of margin to bank finance should be
maintained in the ratio of 1:4 or even higher in case of availability of higher
liquid surplus.

35. Continue…
•If the borrower is not able to bring in minimum contribution of 5%, as a
general rule, no dilution should be allowed except in special
circumstance like sick units or when permitted being desirable due to
peculiar circumstances in the sanction
•The sub-limits against the various components of stocks and
receivables should be fixed taking into account the existing norms of
inventory and receivables as bench mark and bankers should adopt
flexible approach on case to case basis in a realistic manner while
assessing the credit needs.
•While allowing deviations, the sanctioning authority must ensure that
proper justification is available and given.

36. THANK YOU