Keynote speach, II Conferência Nacional de Sustentabilidade no Sector do Turismo, 23 e 24 de Novembro, 2012

1. O Turismo
Sustentável e
a Economia
Verde
Nuno Gaspar de Oliveira
CIGEST | Environment & Sustainability, ISG | Business & Economics
School
II Conferência Nacional de
Sustentabilidade no Sector do Turismo
23 3 24 de Novembro, 2012

2. O Turismo Sustentável e a Economia Verde
• Biólogo da área da Ecologia e Conservação da Natureza
(FCUL, 1998);
• Coordenador da Área de Ambiente & Sustentabilidade e
investigador na área da Economia Natural no CIGEST - Centro
de Investigação em Gestão ISG – Business & Economics
School;
• Professor Assistente de Economia da Energia e dos Recursos
Naturais da Licenciatura de Economia do ISG;
• Delegado do ISG no BCSD Portugal;
• Doutorando na Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas
(UNL) na área de Geografia e Ambiente, com o tema
“Biodiversidade e Planeamento Territorial: Da Política à
Estratégia, da Estratégia à Prática”;
• Consultor em Gestão Florestal Sustentável, Gestão de Risco
Ambiental e Sustentabilidade, gestão de Biodiversidade e
Conservação de Recursos Naturais

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4. O Turismo Sustentável e a Economia Verde
A Economia Verde
• valoriza e investe nos serviços ambientais e no capital natural;
• É primordial para a diminuição da pobreza contínua, a forma mais visível de
desigualdade social, relacionada com o acesso desigual à
educação, saúde, disponibilidade de crédito, oportunidades de geração de renda e
garantia de direitos de propriedade;
• Gera empregos e melhora a igualdade social, entrando em contra ciclo com a
deterioração da economia mundial iniciada com a recessão de 2008, provocada pela
crise bancária e de créditos e choques de preços;
• Substitui os combustíveis fósseis por energias renováveis e tecnologias de baixa
emissão de carbono de forma a aumentar o fornecimento de energias renováveis e
reduzir os riscos de aumentos de e volatilidade dos preços para os combustíveis
fósseis;
• Oferece um estilo de vida urbana mais sustentável e uma mobilidade com baixa
emissão de carbono, sendo que actualmente 50% da população mundial vive em
áreas urbanas, onde consome 60-80% de energia e é responsável por 75% das
emissões de carbono.
• Cresce mais rapidamente do que a economia ‘castanha’, enquanto mantém e
restabelece o capital natural, uma das questões essenciais que se foca na aparente
permuta entre desenvolvimento e qualidade ambiental.

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• The only option to soften the impact of high oil prices that is likely to meet the magnitude of
the challenge is a transition to a low-carbon economy. But this will require political leadership
and policy certainty to create a long-term, sufficient and consistent incentive structure for
renewable energy.
• We recommend the government employs available and new mechanisms for public sector
finance, such as a Green Investment Bank to change investor behaviour in favour of new, low
carbon sectors.
• Adaptive responses such as investment into mass public transit systems, more efficient
vehicles, people travelling less due to home working, and cheaper, low carbon energy
alternatives will also all help.
• In addition to issues of security and sustainability, the impact of economic peak oil is another
important reason to reduce an economy’s energy intensity and dependence on oil.
“Historical evidence
shows that shocks lie
in wait for
unprepared nations.
Well prepared
economies, however,
should still prosper”

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“We estimate that
by the end of
2020, nearly 1
million people will
be employed in
these sectors and
nearly 3 million
people will be
employed in the
green economy as a
whole”

14. O Turismo Sustentável e a Economia Verde
http://www.greenbiz.com/news/2011/07/13/green-jobs-outnumber-fossil-fuel-jobs-and-are-

15. O Turismo Sustentável e a Economia Verde
http://grist.org/list/study-green-econom-lost-fewer-jobs-in-the-recession/

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http://www.prweb.com/releases/thegreeneconomy/ESG/prweb1006131
1.htm
ESG
[Environment, Social, Govern
ance] funds, once the domain
of socially conscious investors
and mission focused non-
profits, is now becoming
popular for corporations and
investors as a market-driven
mechanism that reviews a
company’s response to
complex risks.
For investors, especially large
public institutional
investors, such metrics
provide a
baseline, indicating that
funds and companies in
which they invest are doing
a level of due-diligence
needed in the new economy.

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Achim Steiner, UN Under-Secretary General and
UNEP Executive Director, said: ‘The sobering
fact remains that a transition to a low
carbon, inclusive Green Economy is happening
far too slowly and the opportunity for
meeting the 44Gt target is narrowing
annually.
There are many inspiring actions taking
place at the national level on energy
efficiency in buildings, investing in
forests to avoid emissions linked with
deforestation and new vehicle emissions
standards alongside a remarkable
growth in investment in new renewable
energies worldwide, which in 2011
totaled close to US$260 billion.’

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“Being green is often associated with increased costs for businesses.
However, the essence of innovation is to identify least cost opportunities
and solutions, decoupling tourism growth from resource use and
environmental impacts and using resources more efficiently. Green
innovation in tourism can improve existing business models, leading to
positive results to companies, customers, public authorities and local
communities through job creation and better living conditions as well as
the housing ecosystems”
Arab Hoballah, UNEP Chief of Sustainable Consumption and Production Branch.

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1. Tourism has significant potential as a driver for growth for the
world economy. The tourism economy represents 5 per cent of
world GDP, while it contributes to 6-7 per cent of total
employment
2. The development of tourism is accompanied by significant
challenges. The rapid growth in both international and
domestic travel, the trends to travel farther and over shorter
periods of time, and the preference given to energy-intensive
transportation are increasing the non-renewable energy
dependency of tourism, resulting in the sector’s contribution of
5 per cent to global GHG emissions.
3. Green tourism has the potential to create new jobs and reduce
poverty. Travel and tourism are human-resource
intensive, employing directly and indirectly 8 per cent of the
global workforce. It is estimated that one job in the core
tourism industry creates about one and a half additional or
indirect jobs in the tourism-related economy.
4. Tourism development can be designed to support the local
economy and poverty reduction.
5. Investing in the greening of tourism can reduce the cost of
energy, water, and waste and enhance the value of
biodiversity, ecosystems and cultural heritage.

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6. Tourists are demanding the greening of tourism. More than a
third of travellers are found to favour environmentally-friendly
tourism and be willing to pay for related experiences. 7. The
private sector, especially small firms, can, and must be
mobilised to support green tourism.
7. The tourism sector involves a diverse range of actors. The
awareness of green tourism exists mainly in a selection of larger
scale firms. Smaller firms are mostly outside this sphere and
diverse supplier groups may not be connected at all.
8. Much of the economic potential for green tourism is found in
small and medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), which need better
access to financing for investing in green tourism.
9. Destination planning and development strategies are the first
step towards the greening of tourism. In developing tourism
strategies, local governments, communities and businesses
need to establish mechanisms for coordinating with ministries;
10. Government investments and policies can leverage private
sector actions on green tourism. Government spending on
public goods such as protected areas, cultural assets, water
conservation, waste management, sanitation, public
transport, and renewable energy infrastructure can reduce the
cost of green investments by the private sector in green tourism.

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• Sustainable tourism practices do not suffer from the same negative impacts as
traditional tourism practices because they provide for effective resource
management, which means that income is generated while simultaneously
minimising negative impacts to an area’s environmental and cultural integrity.
• At the same time, sustainable tourism can become an important source of export
growth in developing [and in-deep-debt] countries.
• Under a green investment scenario for sustainable tourism of US$ 248 billion in 2010
dollars (0.2 per cent the world’s annual GDP) per year between 2011-2050 focused
on energy and water efficiency, emissions mitigation and solid waste
management, the sustainable tourism sector can be projected to grow steadily in
the coming decades, exceeding projections for the business as usual (BAU) approach
by seven per cent in terms of the sector GDP, while saving significant amounts of
resources.

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http://www.thegreeneconomy.com/green-hotels/

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http://www.business-biodiversity.eu/default.asp?Lang=ENG&Menue=49&News=1084

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“Annual surveys of Americans
headed abroad show eco-
travelers accounted for 5.8
percent of the traffic in
2009, up from 5.6 percent in
the previous year
“Sustainability is at the
forefront of our business
model because of customer
demand,"
Revenue grew 42 percent
between 2008-2010, despite
the global downturn,
surpassing $150 million.
http://www.cnbc.com/id/42785072/Eco_Tourism_No_Longer_For_Just_The_Rich_And_Fashionable

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33. Nuno Gaspar de Oliveira | Researcher ‘CIGEST | Ambiente e Sustentabilidade
ISG – Business & Economics School | nunogoliveira@cigest.ensinus.pt | Telefone: 21 751 37 00 ext. 127
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