A STUDY ON THE FACTOR OF STUDENT ABSENTEEISM AT FACULTY OF BUSINESS, UNISEL SHAH ALAM

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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 Background of the study
Absence nowadays cannot be separated from the individual who was called a student.
This absence of phenomena, it is easy to see even likened it has become a necessity in
the nature of students. So it is not surprising if this habit continues to fall proceeds
among school students as examples of primary, secondary and even at university
level, the problem still persists. Other than that, the sector is also facing the field of
employment in the same problems that their employer impasse in the absence of these
phenomena solution.
University Selangor (UNISEL) at Shah Alam, Faculty of Business also facing the
same thing, the absence of student in class getting worse. They are a few among of
student sometimes attend a class a few time in a week, other than that the attendances
of student in class based on the subject that they like. These scenarios actually should
not be happened, because as a student they already know and thinks to differentiate
between the good thing and the worse. Besides that, they also well know the impact
and affect while they absent from a class.
According to the (Marburger, 2001) states that the difficulty inferring the effect of
absenteeism on performance because, once a student is absent in a class, he or she

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may miss the opportunity of learning other techniques. He found out that missing in
class progress the likelihood of missing examination material covered that day
compared to the student who were present in the class.
Therefore, we feel that this problem is very serious. As such we take responsibility to
investigate and find a solution to this problem from continuing to happen. At the
sometimes, we can know the accurate information about these problems and can be
able to cope with this problem from the root.
1.1 Problems statement
Do not came to class attitudes is synonymous with absenteeism, but it happens often
clearly visible in front of our eyes. It does not matter if the school environment, the
employment problem will occur. This is because a few individuals who are fond of
this kind of attitude lightly upon themselves. And at the same times some individual
take these attitudes simply on themselves, they feel it just the small thing but they
doesn’t realize that these kinds of attitudes were create a bad impact trough their
future.
Besides that, were as a researcher takes a move ahead in eradicating this problem. In
UNISEL, we can see clearly about absenteeism student from the class. Form the
information we get from the some lecturer, sometime the student attendance absent
from the class is half of the class. Here we know that how these problems seriously

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happened in UNISEL. At the same times, we want to review what actually the factor
makes student not interested to attend the class. In other than that we want to, make
student realize the affect while they refuse or absent from the class.
As a student, they must to well know what exactly their responsibility, role like we
call student. In addition, it is important for student to know that with these bad
attitudes they will get the bad outcomes as usually when related on performances for
sure it about the (CGPA) of their academic.
According to (Schmidt,1983), absenteeism affects the students’ ability to get high
scores in examinations which can cause the decreasing of grades or the student may
fail and will cause him or her to repeat the same year level. Students who have spent
time attending lectures or classes have a significant, positive effect on students’
performance. Students that participated exhibits higher grades and scores in
examinations that the student.
1.2Objective of Study
Purpose this study is made to find out the factors that influence student absences to
class. As well, this study helps the management of the university, especially in
overcome problems absenteeism among students particularly in the Faculty of
Business.

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In addition, we also take the responsibility of in given awareness to each student on
the future impact on the attitude of those who prefer not to attend the class and take
easily for this kind of attitude.From these of scenario we referring to aims and
objectives to make of this study and the main objectives can be summarizing as
follow:
i) To study the factor that effect of student absenteeism.
ii) To measures what kind of gender that is most critically in absenteeism
issues.
iii) To give suggestions and solutions for further improvement towards
absenteeism.
1.3 Significance of the study
The important of this study is, to get accurate information about the absenteeism
affect through the student performances. These reviews of research not only help
researcher and educators identify the contemporary research topics and research
methodology but also suggest directions for future research as well as some
guidelines for the nature of that research. In addition, to study and rises information
of factor and effect student absenteeism. From the information the university can used
and will take the positive reaction to further improving.

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In the same in this study could be helpful to new researchers to make a guide for
study them. As well, it shows that we on our research its enable to be used as a
reference and source of information useful to all parties. Besides that, it was helping
to all parties, particularly the improvements to the management and administration of
the university.
1.4 Limitation of Study
There are the problems, obstacles and challenges faced by the researcher in
conducting and completing the research:
1.4.1 Time constrain
Time constrain is very important for researcher to complete this study in
the given period. This is because the researcher must to complete in a few
month period. The period has been given are insufficient because the
researcher must divide the times with other commitment such as a study
schedule and complete other assignments.
1.4.2 Cost constraint
The main problem for researcher in completing this research is financial
cost. The financial cost will be the major factors that will slow down to do
these studies because researcher needs to provide a lot of money in order

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to get the information and materials such as from the internet, printing and
transportations.
1.4.3 Lack of information and resources
Lack of information and resources obtained by researcher will be problem
to accomplish this research. This is because researcher needs to find the
information through the internet as an alternative reference for the
research. Whereas, needs to find more journals, research articles and
books as additional information. Researcher also facing difficulties in
obtains reference materials from the library.
1.4.4 Lack of response from respondent
The information from respondent is very important to do the research.
Limitations occur when the response provides less commitment and
cooperation to give their feedback. Through questionnaires some of
respondent were not follow the guidelines when answering the questions.
Furthermore, most of them no honestly provide the right answers as a
feedback. It can lead researcher difficult to make a conclusion of their
research conducted.

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1.5 Definition of terms
1.5.1 School
A school is an institution designed for the teaching of students (or
“pupils") under the direction of teachers. Most countries have systems of
formal education, which is commonly compulsory. In these systems,
students’ were progress through a series of schools. The names for these
schools vary by country but generally include primary school for young
children and secondary school for teenagers who have completed primary
education. An institution where higher education is taught is commonly
called a university college or university.
1.5.2 Absenteeism
Absenteeism is a habitual pattern of absence from a duty or obligation.
Traditionally, absenteeism has been viewed as an indicator of poor
individual performance. More recent scholarship seeks to understand
absenteeism as an indicator of psychological, medical, or social
adjustment to work.

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1.6 Organizational of the Project Paper
The organizational of reports is especially designed and proposed to study on “A STUDY
ON THE FACTOR AND EFFECT OF STUDENT ABSENTEESIM AT FACULTY
OF BUSINESS IN UNISEL SHAH ALAM”. On these parts the reader will be clearly
describe summarize that contains to be presented on each chapters.
Chapter One
Chapter one describe an introduction of a project purposed that include the background of
the study, objective of the study, the significant of the studies, followed by limitation of
studies. A definition of terms and organization of project paper are also included into the
chapter one. Basically chapter one discuss the overview about the research overall to
bring a basic and clear knowledge of our study.
Chapter Two
Literature review is the second chapter focus all about. Literature define is the
documentation of a comprehensive review of the published work from secondary sources
of data in the areas of specific interest to the researcher. A literature been reviewed to
consider in order to decide whether there are any change of necessary. Literature review
helps to support our study of research process and used to guide for researcher where an
information been gather by analyzing all resources from previous author and media.

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Chapter Three
Chapter three is about research design and methodology. It help researcher on how to
conduct the study and determine what methods should be used to meet the purpose of the
study. A researcher design is a master plan specifying the methods and procedures for
collecting and analyzing the need information. Methodology helps to bring out on doing
in study with a particular method and principles. There are two type of methods could be
used in the study those are Primary Data and Secondary Data. This chapter helps our
study to build with strong information.
Chapter Four
Chapters four were focus on data analysis and finding. Data analysis is the application of
logic to the understanding of data that has been gathered, it varies from the simple
determination of pattern to complex statistical analysis. Researcher will come out with
the different parts or details of samples study been conducted before.
The sample demography could be presented in written task or tabular format. Findings
are information that is discovered as a result of research in a form of survey and report.
Overall conclusion can only be made after data gathering and analysis.

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Chapter five
Chapter five is explain about conclusions and recommendations. This chapter will
summarize all the four chapters above. There are also a briefly explanation in final
chapter. Conclusion could be explain as an opinion as the result of the overall study.
While recommendation determine how a person should act in particular situation. Finally
this chapter would bring a proper recommend for the suggestion to end of further
researchers.

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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
The purpose of this study is tomake to find out the factors that influence student
absences to class. As well, this study helps the management of the university,
especially in overcome problems absenteeism among students particularly in the
Faculty of Business. According to (Schmidt,1983), absenteeism affects the students’
ability to get high scores in examinations which can cause the decreasing of grades or
the student may fail and will cause him or her to repeat the same year level. Students
who have spent time attending lectures or classes have a significant, positive effect on
students’ performance. Students that participated exhibits higher grades and scores in
examinations that the student.
2.2 Absenteeism
According to (Teasley,2004) absenteeism is a period of time when a student does not
attend school students who do not attend school will generally fall behind their
classmates in their academic success (Ford & Sutphen,1996) they have fewer
opportunity to learn the materials that will help them to succeed (Epstein & Sheldon ,

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2002) the focus of student absenteeism ranges from early schooling until adolescent
years (Ford &Sutphen , 1996).
Absenteeism in students affects their school performances especially when they are in
a group or teamwork for their assignments and projects. Since grouping will help
develops the students cooperatives and ability to share and gain knowledge from their
group mates, likewise, the group mates will also miss the opportunity of gaining
knowledge from the absent student (Koppenhaver, 2003)
Based on research of (Marburger,2001) states that the absences create a dead,
tiresome, unpleasant classroom, environment that makes students who come to class
uncomfortable and the lecturer irritable. Absenteeism disturbs the dynamic teaching-
learning environment and adversely affects the overall well-being of classes (Segal
,2008). In quality terms, absenteeism is a waste of educational resources, time and
human potential. Student absenteeism also causes rework and wasted time for
lecturers (Lalek , 1995 &Rumburger 1997).
According to (Park and Kerr 1990, Romer 1993, and Foltz 1996, Marburger 2001) it
is widely recognized that absenteeism can negatively impact grades in economics
courses and that high attendance rates can improve student performance in variety of
classroom settings (Sheets et al. 1995, Johnston and James, 2000)

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According of study by (Brooks, 1997, as cited in Bond, 2004) absenteeism can be
defined as persistent, habitual, and unexplained absence from school. Bond noted that
chronic absenteeism occurs when a student is absent without reason 20% or more of
school time: - this nominal figure is consistently identified regardless of the specific
circumstances of the absenteeism.
According to (Schmidt in 1983) absenteeism affects the students’ ability to get high
scores in examinations which can cause the decreasing of grades or the student may
fail and will cause him or her repeat the same year level. Students who have spent
time attending lectures or classes have a significant, positive effect on students’
performance. Students that participated exhibits higher grades and scores in
examinations that the student
To prevent and correct serious attendance problems, school need to change the way
they structured improves the quality of the courses and intensity interpersonal
relationship between teachers and students (Epstein and Sheldon, 2002)
Daniel RMarburger indicates that student performance is inversely correlated with
absenteeism. The author investigates the impact of enforcing an attendance policy on
absenteeism and student performance. The evidence suggests that an enforced
mandatory attendance policy significantly reduces absenteeism and improves exam
performance.

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Newman Wadesango and SeverinoMachingambi (2011) study was to investigate the
extent of student absenteeism in selected areas. Explore the reasons why student
absent themselves from classes and examine the implications of student absenteeism.
The study adopted the mixed methodology and used a survey research design as the
operational framework for data gathering. Data were collected by self-administered
questionnaires and interviews with the chosen students. The study revealed that
student absenteeism is rampant in the schools under study due to reasons such as: lack
of subject interest, poor teaching strategies by teachers, unfavorable learning
environment, too much socialization, and poor relations with the teachers. The study
also found an inverse relationship between student absenteeism and course
performance.
According (DonkaMirthecva, 2009) some studies show that student’s attendance or
absenteeism is closely linked with good students health thus resulting to higher
academic achievements.
According (Chang and Romero, 2008, Moonie, Sterling, Figgs and Castro, 2008) have
identified chronic absenteeism as a persistent problem related to poor academic
performances and potential behavioral and development issues. There is general
agreement among researchers that being chronically absent places student at risk of
negative academic consequences.

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Absenteeism can have pronounced negative impacts on students of poverty
(Ready,2010) and according (Balfane And Byrnes,2012) absenteeism can reduce the
like hood of post-secondary enrolment.
There is also evidence of a particular pattern of non-attendance amongst university
students, with most absenteeism accusing on Mondays-and Fridays being of one day
in duration (Timmins, 2002, Rodgers, 2002)
According (Gatherer and Manning, 1998) suggest that there are may actually be
psychological benefits to occasional absences. Yet, if one were to try to dress this in
timetabling and in so doing, scheduled classes only on Tuesdays, Wednesdays and
Thursdays.
Student’s perceptions of the classroom or teachers as chaotic, uncaring or boring were
associated with student absenteeism and truancy (Duckworth and Dejong, 1989,
Redericket al, 1997)
Research found that several family and community enrolment practices were
associated with student attendance including rewarding. Students for good attendance
communicating with families about student attendance, providing families with
information about people to contact at school or intuitions, conducting worships on
attendance, and providing after-school programs for students (Epstein and Sheldon,
2002)

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According to (Henry, 2007) social learning theory may also be applied to the way
parents pass on their values and expectations relatives to schooling and education.
The attitude a student’s parents have toward truancy plays an important role in the
extent to which truant behavior persists.
High rates of unexcused absences have been linked to “ school disengagement “ and
lower academic achievement.(Gotttried,2009)students with high number of unexcused
absences might be less motivated and supported at home then a students with an equal
number of exceed ones :Therefore the reasons for school institutions absences are
related to the extent to which students learn.
Recent studies show students who are chronically absent are involved with the
following disruptive classroom behavior in the current percentiles;29% are bullies,
bullied 19%.Have disrespect for teachers,19% are afflicted with gangs, and 13% are
verbally abuse teachers (Reimer& Sminh,2005) see school absenteeism as a cause of
low scholastics an more students are referred to for disciplinary action (Sommer and
Najd 1991)
Class attendance is likely to be substantially influenced by contextual factors (Crede,
Roch&Kiesecuyuks 2010) such as attendance norms of university perceived difficulty
of the class, characteristic of the instructors and whether students can obtain lecture
material online. It is also true that individual differences factors such as motivation,
consciencetiousness and intelligence increase the likelihood of a student attending
class ( Decades and Fortz 1996, Arulampalam, Naylor, and Smith 2012).

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2.3 Summary
As a summarize of the literature review, we can conclude that rate of absenteeism
among students is currently in high percentages. Based on previous research
conducted by researchers there are many factors contributing to the major problems of
the absenteeism such as parental responsibility, incondusive studying environment,
administration role, and lectures role and so on.

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CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
This chapter describes the methodology used to collect data, which will be used to
answer the hypothesis. Research design and methodology is important, because it
provides more prospective on the problem being studies. This research is based on study
carried out at Faculty of Business in UNISEL (Shah Alam) to study on their factor once
absenteeism. Exploratory research provides qualitative the concept or defines the
problems.
The purpose of quantitative research is to determine the phenomena in the form of
number. The methods used in this research are definition, research design, respondent,
data collection, sampling method, targeted population, and data analysis.
3.2 Business Research Defined
Business research a task to generate accurate information to be used in decision-making.
The task is defined as the systematic and objectives process for gathering, recording, and
analyzing data as aid in business decision makings. Literally, research means to “search
again”. It involve patient study and scientific investigation wherein the research takes
another more careful look on data to discover all that can be as the subject of study.

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The gathered information or data that been collected were analyzed to be accurate, where
the business research must be objective. The importance of objectivity, research is
valueless.
3.2.1 Categories of business research
There are three categories of business research which is:
i) Basic (pure) research
Research that intended to expand the boundaries of knowledge or verify the
acceptability of a given theory.
ii) Applied research
A research those was undertaken of answer a question of specific problem or
to make decision towards a particular course of decision or action.
iii) Evaluation
A formal objective measurement, which apprise the extent to a given activity,
project or program achieved its objective.
3.3.2 Type of business research
There are several types of research methods that used to conduct business research, which
i) Exploratory Research

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Research is conducted to clarify and define the nature of the research
problems. It helps to identify information for future researcher to conduct
a research.
ii) Descriptive Research
Specifically conduct to describe the characteristics of population of
population.
iii) Causal Research
A research those were narrow down the cause and effect relationship among variables
specifically. This research applies exploratory research to bring the problem into more
understanding of the field of study. By the analyzing of the existing studies of subject, by
doing some research and informally investigating of the situation, this study can help to
build a strong conclusion of the concept. They are several techniques for obtained a clear
idea. The research applies explanatory.
3.3 Research Design
After a research problem has been formulated, the nest process is followed by research
design. Research design is as a master plan in specifying information needed. The
objective of this study is to determine during the starting of the research to ensure
whether appropriate information was collected in solving the problem.

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3.4 DataCollection
3.4.1 Primary Data
Primary data is a data that were gathering and assemble specifically for the
research project. The data are collected through observation, interview and also
questionnaires. This type of data is used in collecting information for our studies.
3.4.2 Questionnaires
A list of questionnaires were prepared by observation and investigating based on
field of study been research and the respondent were requires to filled u the
questionnaires. The respondent should have to read and answering the questions.
This survey involved of the student Faculty of Business in (UNISEL) Shah Alam.
It consist of the four parts which are (Part A), demography, (Part B) about
absenteeism and to identify the possible causes of absenteeism, (Parts C) to
identify the possible effect of absenteeism and the last parts is (Part D) ways to
overcome absenteeism. Relevance and accurate are two basic criteria a
questionnaires must be meet in term to achieve the researcher’s purpose. To bring
the research successfully, a systematically questionnaires should build up.
3.5 Secondary Data
Secondary data is a data that have been previously collected and assemble for some
project research done by other hand. Such data are cheaper and more quickly to be
accessed than primary data and also may be available when primary data cannot be

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accessed at all. To carry outdated is collect all information from article, journal, and
internet where then will be analyzed. With the secondary data helps to make primary data
collection more specific whereas we can able to identify the gaps and deficiencies and
what additional information needs to be collected and helps to improve the understanding
of the problem. Secondary data also provides a basis for comparison for the data that
were collected by the researcher.
3.5.1 Internal Data
A data that is gathered from the internal source the administration management
which is the statistics report. Throughout the report the information such as a
statistics of absenteeism, which course and the information related to our studies.
3.5.2 External Data
 Reference books
A main resource of books about absenteeism were used in collecting
information and referred as guideline to conduct the study.
 Articles and journals
The articles and journals give extra information about the study to analysis
with information available.
 Internet
Internet provides easy and quick references from websites related to the study.

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3.6Population and Sample Size
Population refers to an entire group of people, events, or things of interest that the
researchers wish to investigate (Gay and Diehl, 1992). The process of research sampling
involves any procedure using a small number of items or parts of the whole population to
make conclusions regarding the whole population. A sample is subset, or some part of
larger population. The purpose of sampling is to enable the researchers to estimate
unknown characteristics of the population.
The population for this study consists of three major programs of Faculty of Business in
UNISEL. There are BHRM, BIM, and BOA students. The research was conducted
through the questionnaire. The sample target required is 50 respondents from each
program, which randomly selected to answer the questionnaires. Therefore, this research
is to ensure that ensure that the objective of the research able to achieved without any
mistakes or errors.
3.6.1 Respondent
A respondent is a person who wills answer the questionnaires, all of the respondent are
under the Faculty of Business. Despite the questionnaires are used to collect data and
information accurately from the survey. The sample is from the BHRM, BIM and BOA
student.

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3.7 Data Analysis and Procedure
Data analysis in survey research is characteristics by a wide spectrum of statistics
analysis used to collect the data and then analyzed to be converted into a format that will
answer the researcher’s questions. The analysis involves determining consistent patterns
and summarizing the appropriate details that relived in the investigation. In this study,
researcher will used Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 16.0 to key
in all the data which collected from respondent and cross tabulation.
3.7.1 Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS)
SPSS is very user friendly and best learned by hands-on utilization. SPSS is a
comprehensive statistical software package for helping in analyze the study ta and an
import the dissertation data from almost any kind of the file for analysis. In analyze,
SPSS used to generate tabulated dissertation reports, charts, and plots of distribution and
trends, as well as descriptive statistics, and complex statistical analysis using the
collected data.
3.7.2 Tabulation
Researcher will use tabulation in this study. Tabulation refers to the in orderly
arrangement of data in a table or other summary format of information gathered.
Counting the number of response through a question and separate them into a frequency
distribution is a simple tabulation or marginal tabulation, which help the researcher to
keep the most basic from of a information. During the data tabulated, a meaningful

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categories and character symbols will used to represent for group or responses. The rules
used to interpret; categories and recording the data are called codes. This coding process
can be used a fully facilities by a computer or a manual work as hand tabulation.
Other than that, researcher can also use cross tabulation. Where, researcher question
involving relationship among multiple less than internal variable. The results were
combined of frequency table displaying one variable in rows and another variable in
columns. The purpose of categorization and cross tabulation is to allow the inspection
and comparison of differences among group.

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CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
4.1 Introduction
This chapter shows the results of data analysis that has been undertaken and has been
achieved from the studies. Data were collected through a questionnaire distributed by one
of the researchers. The questionnaire comprises two major parts A deals with
demographic question and Part B contains 27 questions related to causes, effects and
ways to overcomes absenteeism problems. A five point Likert Scale is used to identify
student respondent’s level of agreement on a statement given. The scale is follows: 5
Strongly Disagree, 4: Disagree, 3: Neutral, 2: Agree, 1: Strongly Agree. Statistical
Package for Social Sciences Version 16.0 to get reliability, percentage, frequency, mean,
standard deviation, ANOVA, and independent samples test.

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4.2 Part A: DEMOGRAPHIC (RESPONDENT’S BACKGROUND)
4.2.1 Programs
Table 4.2.1 : programs
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid BHRM 50 33.3 33.3 33.3
BOF 50 33.3 33.3 66.7
BBM 50 33.3 33.3 100.0
Total 150 100.0 100.0

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Figure 4.2.1: programs
Figure 4.2.1 above shows the programs of the respondents. The total respondent is 150.
So, we had divided for three major programs such as BHRM, BOF, and BBM. For each
programs there are 50 respondents or 33.3%.
34%
33%
33%
Programs
bhrm
bof
bbm

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4.2.2: Gender
Table 4.2.2 : Gender
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid male 33 22.0 22.0 22.0
female 117 78.0 78.0 100.0
Total 150 100.0 100.0
Figure 4.2.2: gender
22%
78%
Gender
male
female

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Figure 4.2.2 above shows the gender of the respondents. The total respondent is 150 and they
are 78% or 117 respondents are females while 22% or 33 respondents are male. It means that,
female have a highest percentage than male.
4.2.3: Year of Study
Table 4.2.3 : year of study
Valid 1 30 20.0 20.0 20.0
2 48 32.0 32.0 52.0
3 72 48.0 48.0 100.0
Total 150 100.0 100.0

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Figure 4.2.3: Year of Study
Figure 4.2.3 above shows the year of study of respondents. There are 30 respondent or
20% from year 1 followed by 48 respondent or 32% from year 2 and 72 respondents or
48% from year 3.
20%
32%
48%
Year Of Study
1
2
3

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4.2.4: Age
Table 4.2.4 : Age
Valid 18-20 11 7.3 7.3 7.3
21-23 102 68.0 68.0 75.3
24-26 37 24.7 24.7 100.0
Total 150 100.0 100.0
Figure 4.2.4: Age
Figure and table 4.2.4 shows age of the respondents. There are 11 respondents or 7.3%
comes from age group 18-20, followed by 102 respondents or 68% from 21-23 age group
and end with 37 respondents or 24.7% from 24-26 age groups.
7%
68%
25%
Age
18-20
21-23
24-26

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4.3 RELIABILITY
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's Alpha N of Items
.918 27
Table: 4.3.1
Item-Total Statistics
Scale Mean if
Item Deleted
Scale Variance if
Item Deleted
Corrected Item-
Total Correlation
Cronbach's
Alpha if Item
Deleted
absenteeism is voluntary non-
attendance without valid
reasons
95.90 184.923 .542 .915
Family ,friends, lectures and
ourselves has ultimate
responsibility for managing
absenteeism
95.57 189.387 .489 .916
quality/clarity of lectures 95.67 186.613 .580 .914
teaching skill of the lecturer 95.64 185.910 .578 .914
lack of sleep 95.65 191.611 .345 .918
lecturer timetable scheduled
not the right hour
95.75 188.160 .518 .915
need to attend to
extracurricular/personal
activities
95.91 189.207 .483 .916
number of student in class 95.91 190.998 .353 .918
students did not finished the 95.81 190.761 .425 .917

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homework before the class
start
always students felt sick and
unhealthy life
95.87 190.089 .472 .916
students are not interested in
a particular subject
95.63 187.240 .604 .914
students have behavioral/or
emotional problems that
interfere the learning process
95.77 186.932 .589 .914
academic performances low 95.71 187.631 .575 .914
student knowledge is
outdated compared to other
students in class
95.63 188.021 .602 .914
lectures perception on your
ability is low
95.80 185.638 .585 .914
fail to score well in quizzes,
tests and final exams
95.74 188.905 .557 .915
absenteeism will affect your
carry marks
95.45 185.632 .585 .914
your name will be bar from
final exam
95.51 187.164 .513 .915
effect your CGPA/GPA 95.45 186.719 .588 .914
fail to get loan for next
semesters
95.69 184.550 .520 .915
trying to copy answer from
other student in exam
95.87 184.031 .562 .914
fail to graduate in academy to
schedule
95.80 180.859 .643 .913
make sure the classes size
smaller (max 30 students)
95.61 189.688 .436 .917
establishing a program of
constantly emphasizing the
benefits of attending the class
to students
95.65 189.532 .511 .915
build a friendly and mutually 95.41 192.593 .422 .917

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respectful lectures/ students
relationships
prioritize the ability of lectures
to engage / entertain the class
95.30 193.178 .395 .917
adjustment on class timing
should be done
95.14 186.712 .589 .914
4.4 PART B
Table 4.4.1: Distribution of mean and standard deviation for causes of an
absenteeism.
Descriptive Statistics
N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation
absenteeism is voluntary non-
attendance without valid
reasons
150 1 5 3.44 1.077
family, friends ,lectures and
absenteeism
150 1 5 3.77 .878
quality/clarity of lectures 150 1 5 3.67 .916

36
teaching skill of the lecturer 150 1 5 3.70 .961
lack of sleep 150 1 5 3.69 .984
lecturer timetable scheduled
not the right hour
150 1 5 3.59 .914
need to attend to
activities
150 1 5 3.43 .900
number of student in class 150 1 5 3.43 1.006
students did not finished the
start
150 1 5 3.53 .887
always students felt sick and
unhealthy life
150 1 5 3.47 .857
students are not interested in
a particular subject
150 1 5 3.71 .848
students have behavioral/or
interfere the learning process
150 1 5 3.57 .885
Valid N (listwise) 150
Family, friends ,lectures and ourselves has ultimate responsibility for managing
absenteeism is the most influencing factors of absenteeism with average(mean 3.77)(SD
= 0.878) followed by students are not interested in a particular
subject(mean=3.71)(SD=0.848)and teaching skill of the lecturer (mean=3.70)(SD=0.96).
Lack of the sleep is the fourth influencing factor of absenteeism (mean =3.69)(SD=0.984)
followed by quality/clarity of lecturer with (mean 3.67) (SD=0.916). (Mean 3.59) and

37
(SD=0.914) is lecturer timetable scheduled not the right hour and (mean 3.57)
(SD=0.885) is the students have behavioral/or emotional problems that interfere the
learning process. Then followed by (mean 3.53) (SD=0.0887) students did not finished
the homework before the class start followed by always students felt sick and unhealthy
life with (mean3.47)(SD=1.006),(mean 3.44) (SD=1.077) with absenteeism is voluntary
non-attendance without valid reasons. Second last followed by need to attend to
extracurricular/personal activities with average (mean 3.43) (SD=0.900) and lastly
number of student in class (mean=3.43) (SD=1.006).
Table 4.4.2: Distribution of mean and standard deviation for effects of absenteeism.
academic performances low 150 1 5 3.63 .862
student knowledge is
students in class
150 1 5 3.71 .805
lectures perception on your
ability is low
150 1 5 3.54 .967
fail to score well in quizzes
,tests and final exams
150 1 5 3.60 .811
absenteeism will affect your
carry marks
150 1 5 3.89 .966
your name will be bar from
final exam
150 1 5 3.83 .986
effect your CGPA/GPA 150 1 5 3.89 .899
fail to get loan for next
semesters
150 1 5 3.65 1.142
trying to copy answer from
150 1 5 3.47 1.097
fail to graduate in academy to 150 1 5 3.54 1.145

38
Absenteeism will affect your carry marks is the most major effect of absenteeism with
average (mean3.89) (SD=0.966) followed by effect your CGPA/GPA with same valued
of (mean 3.89)(SD=0.899) thirdly followed by your name will be bar from final exam
(mean=3.83) (SD=0.986). Then continue with student knowledge is outdated compared
to other students in class(mean=3.71) (SD=0.805) fail to get loan for next semesters
(mean= 3.65) (SD=1.192).next is academic performances low (mean=3.63) (SD=0.862),
fail to score well in quizzes, tests and final exams(mean=3.60) (SD=0.811) and lectures
perception on your ability is low (mean=3.54)(SD=0.967). Second last is fail to graduate
in academy to schedule (mean 3.54) (SD=1.145) and end with trying to copy answer
from other student in exam (mean=3.47) (SD=1.097).
Table 4.4.3: Distribution of mean and standard deviation for ways to overcomes
absenteeism.
make sure the classes size
150 1 5 3.73 .948
schedule

39
establishing a program of
constantly emphasizing the
benefits of attending the class
to students
150 1 5 3.69 .835
build a friendly and mutually
relationships
150 1 5 3.93 .752
prioritize the ability of lectures
to engage / entertain the class
150 1 5 4.04 .750
adjustment on class timing
should be done
150 1 5 4.20 .897
Adjustment on class timing should be done is the most popular ways to overcome
absenteeism with average (mean= 4.20) (SD=0.897) followed by prioritize the ability of
lectures to engage / entertain the class(mean=4.04) (SD=0.750) third popular ways is
build a friendly and mutually respectful lectures/ students
relationships(mean=3.93)(SD=0.752)continue by make sure the classes size smaller (max
30 students)(mean=3.73)(SD=0.948) and lastly establishing a program of constantly
emphasizing the benefits of attending the class to students with average (mean3.69)
(SD=0.835).

40
Table 4.4.4
No Statements Answer
SD D N A SA
F % F % F % F % F %
1 absenteeism is voluntary
non-attendance without
valid reasons
15 10.0 8 5.3 38 25.3 74 49.3 15 10.0
2 Family,friends,lectures and
absenteeism
5 3.3 7 4.7 28 18.7 88 58.7 22 14.7
3 quality/clarity of lectures 5 3.3 10 6.7 35 23.3 79 52.7 21 14.0
4 teaching skill of the lecturer 7 4.7 9 6.0 29 19.3 82 54.7 23 15.3
5 lack of sleep 5 3.3 14 9.3 31 20.7 73 48.7 27 18.0
6 lecturer timetable scheduled
not the right hour
3 2.0 17 11.3 37 24.7 75 50.0 18 12.0
7 need to attend to
activities
7 4.7 12 8.0 50 33.3 72 48.0 9 6.0
8 number of student in class 7 4.7 23 15.3 32 21.3 75 50.0 12 8.0
9 students did not finished the
start
5 3.3 13 8.7 41 27.3 79 52.3 12 8.0
10 always students felt sick and
unhealthy life
2 1.3 21 14.0 40 26.7 78 52.0 9 6.0
11 students are not interested
in a particular subject
3 2.0 10 6.7 34 22.7 84 56.0 19 12.7
12 students have behavioral/or
interfere the learning
process
5 3.3 12 8.0 38 25.3 82 54.7 13 8.7
13 academic performances low 5 3.3 9 6.0 36 24.0 86 57.8 14 9.3
14 student knowledge is
students in class
4 2.7 5 3.3 37 24.7 84 58.7 16 10.7
15 lectures perception on your
ability is low
4 2.7 22 14.7 30 20.0 77 51.3 17 11.3
16 fail to score well in quizzes
,tests and final exams
3 2.0 10 6.7 43 28.7 82 54.7 12 8.0
17 absenteeism will affect your
carry marks
5 3.3 8 5.3 25 16.7 73 48.7 39 26.0

41
18 your name will be bar from
final exam
6 4.0 9 6.0 24 16.0 76 50.7 35 23.3
19 effect your CGPA/GPA 1 0.7 13 18.7 24 16.0 75 50.0 37 24.7
20 fail to get loan for next
semesters
13 8.7 11 7.3 22 14.7 74 49.3 30 20.0
21 trying to copy answer from
10 6.7 19 12.7 34 22.7 65 43.3 22 14.7
22 fail to graduate in academy
to schedule
14 9.3 12 8.0 28 18.7 71 47.3 25 17.3
23 make sure the classes sized
7 4.7 5 3.3 36 24.0 76 50.7 26 17.3
24 establishing a program of
constantly empathizing the
benefits of attending the
class to students
4 2.7 7 4.7 37 24.7 85 56.7 17 11.3
25 build a friendly and mutually
relationships
2 1.3 4 2.7 24 16.0 93 62.0 27 18.0
26 prioritize the ability of
lectures to engage /
entertain the class
1 0.7 2 1.3 27 18.0 80 53.3 40 26.7
27 adjustment on class timing
should be done
3 2.0 1 0.7 27 18.0 51 34.0 68 45.3
T-TEST
Table 4.4.5: Programs
ANOVA
programs
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 26.735 49 .546 .745 .873
Within Groups 73.265 100 .733
Total 100.000 149

42
ANOVA test are used to analysis weather there are any changes according programs
towards absenteeism. But here had been proven that there are no changes between
BHRM, BOF, and BBM towards absenteeism. All programs equally absent to classes.
This is because the sig (0.873) which is more than p value (0.05).
Table 4.4.6: Gender
Group Statistics
gender N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
Absenteeism male 33 97.1212 17.72843 3.08612
female 117 99.9658 13.07401 1.20869
Table above shows group statistics of the absenteeism. According to the table there are
no differences between male and female to the absenteeism. Gender are not brings any
changes to the absenteeism. This is because the P value is more than (>0.05). Mean of
the male is 97.12 while female is 99.97 and standard deviation for male is (17.73) while
female 13.08.
Table 4.4.7: Year of Study
ANOVA
year of study

43
Between Groups 28.404 49 .580 .937 .592
Total 90.240 149
Table shows there are no differences between year of study and absenteeism. Student’s
keep absent to class even they are first year student or final year students. This is because
the p value is more than (0.05) sig (0.592).
Table 4.4.8: Age
ANOVA
age
Between Groups 16.778 49 .342 1.282 .148
Total 43.493 149
Table shows that there are no differences between age and absenteeism. This is because p
value is more than (0.05) and sig. value is (0.148).

44
CHAPTER FIVE
RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION
5.1 Introduction
Chapter 5 provides an overview of the research study, summarize the research findings
through the discussion of a study on factor of student absenteeism at Faculty Of Business,
UNISEL Shah Alam. The function on this chapter is to summarize the findings of the
study in form of conclusion, to recommend or apply, to interpret the question, to suggest
extension and integrate. The points raised in the introduction chapter must be responded
to in the conclusion chapter. The researcher should provide the conclusion of the analysis
and suggestions will be discussed details in this chapter.
The researchers were prepared the questionnaire by using the secondary data and it based
on research objective. The research was conducted at University Selangor (UNISEL).
The total population involve in this research is 150 students. Simple random sampling
method has been chosen in the distribution of the questionnaires. As many as 150
questionnaires have been distributed and researchers collected it successfully. There are
many 150 of the respondents are successfully involved in this study.

45
5.2 Recommendation
5.2.1 Adjustment on class timing
Adjustment on class timing is most vital ways to overcome absenteeism among students.
Class timing playing an important role to the students. Too much early and late class
timing will make students to not attend the class. Faculty or upper management in
UNISEL should adjust the class timing scheduled so that students will attend the class
more regularly. Management in UNISEL should analyze the most correctable/ flexible
class timing to the students before finalized the class timing. Here we suggested not
starting class too early such as at 8 am and end up late at 7 pm will make students feel
lazy and frustrated. The best class timing is around 9 am to 6 pm in other words follow
up office hours is better.
5.2.2 Prioritize the ability of lectures to engage/entertain the class
Lectures play more vital role in education systems. How far a lecture able to engage
/entertain the class is a non-answer question to everyone. Lectures should know how to
conduct their class well so that student will not absent from attend the classes.
Management/ faculty should make sure that all lectures in UNISEL are able to conduct
their classes in proper way as well as entertain their students. We recommend to the
management to send lectures especially who are new in field of teaching, less experience,
and having low performances to the training so that they can able to deliver their best to
the students.

46
5.2.3 Build a friendly and mutually respectful lectures / students relationships.
Bonding between student and lectures are important factors to reduce absenteeism.
Lectures and students themselves should build a strong relationship between them to
create a good and health environment. Communications play an important role towards
build a friendly relationship among both parties. Both parties should give respect each
other to avoid disputes among them. We suggested to management/faculty often
organized educational trip/or vacation trip for students/lectures in order to them build
strong friendly and mutually respectful relationships.
5.2.4 Make sure the classes size smaller
We had observed that in FOB there are a lot of students (especially for BHRM) there are
more than 60 students in a class for one subject. This make student’s feel uncomfortable
to attend a class. Some of the reasons they did not like to attend a class especially classes
which placed more than 60 students are class are noise, cannot interact with lectures,
limited chair provided, students sits at back unable to pay attentions and so on. One of the
way to overcome this problems, faculty/management should make the class size smaller
(max 30 students). A lot of students agree with this suggestions because they feel more
comfortable to attend the class- don’t need to worry about sitting place even they come
late to classes

47
5.2.5 Establishing the programs of constantly emphasizingthe benefits of attending
the class to students
Management / faculty should establish the programs of constantly emphasizingthe
benefits of attending the class to students so that they will conscious about the
consequences of skipping class. This is because a lot of students out there are still having
zero knowledge about the importance of attending a class. They also still blind about the
effect of absenteeism to their future careers. We suggested to faculty that often
establishing a awareness programs to the students about the benefits of attending the
classes so that they will be able to take a good decision as well think twice before
skipping class.
5.3 Conclusions

48
Based on research we had conducted, finally we had find out answer/result for our
objectives. The main factors of absenteeism is family, friends, lectures and ourselves has
ultimate responsibility for managing absenteeism with average (mean 3.77) (SD = 0.878)
followed by students are not interested in a particular subject (mean=3.71) (SD=0.848)
and teaching skill of the lecturer (mean=3.70) (SD=0.96) and so on.
Based on our second objectives we had concluded that both female and male are equally
contribute to the absenteeism issues. In order to achieve our third objectives we suggested
to the faculty/management in UNISEL to adjust the class timing as way for reduce and
overcome absenteeism.
As a whole it can be concluded that absenteeism is a problem or issues that can be solved
easily if all parties (students, lectures, UNISEL management) work together to overcome
absenteeism issues in future.
Discussion
The purpose of our study was to find out the factors that influence student absences to
class. As well, this study helps the management of the university, especially in overcome
problems absenteeism among students particularly in the Faculty of Business.
In addition, we also take the responsibility of in given awareness to each student on the
future impact on the attitude of those who prefer not to attend the class and take easil

49
this kind of attitude. From these of scenario we referring to aims and objectives to make
of this study and the main objectives can be summarizing as follow:
i) To study the factor that effect of student absenteeism.
ii) To measures what kind of gender that is most critically in absenteeism
issues.
iii) To give suggestions and solutions for further improvement towards
absenteeism.
Our results provided some support for the questionnaire that we had arise during
conducting the research. Firstly, the factor that effect of student absenteeism is
family, friends, lectures and ourselves has ultimate responsibility for managing
absenteeism with average( mean 3.77 )interested in a particular subject (mean=3.71)
(SD=0.848) and teaching skill of the lecturer (mean=3.70) (SD=0.96) and so on.
Based on our second objectives we had concluded that both female and male are
equally contribute to the absenteeism issues. This is because our results shows that
gender are not brings any changes to the absenteeism. This is because the P value is
more than (>0.05). Mean of the male is (97.12) while female is (99.97) and( standard
deviation for male is 17.73) while female (13.08).

50
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Babbie G, Mouton G. (2001). The Practical of Social Research.
Jamaica. Task Force on Educational Reform. (2004). A transformed education system:
Report. Kingston, Jamaica: Author
Chang, H. N., & Romero, M. (2008.) Present, Engaged, and Accounted For: The Critical
Importance of Addressing Chronic Absence in the Early Grades. Report. New York,
N.Y.: National Center for Children in Poverty.
Rothman, S. (2001) School absence and student background factors: A multilevel
analysis. International Education Journal 2(1): 59–68.
Sheldon, S. B., & Epstein, J. L. (2004).Getting Students to School: Using Family and
Community Involvement to Reduce Chronic Absenteeism. School and Community
Journal 4(2): 39-56.
Arcia, E. (2006). Achievement and enrollment status of suspended students: Outcomes in
a large, multicultural school district. Education & Urban Society, 38(3), 359-
369.doi:10.1177/0013124506286947

51
Rothman, S. (1999) Non-attendance and student background factors. Paper presented at
the joint annual conference of the Australian Association for Research in Education and
the New Zealand Association for Research in Education, Melbourne, November
December.
Balfanz, R. & Byrnes, V. (2012). Chronic Absenteeism: Summarizing What We Know
From Nationally Available Data. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Center for Social
Organization of Schools.
Attwood, G. &Croll, P. (2006). Truancy in secondary school pupils: Prevalence,
trajectories and pupil perspectives. Research Papers in Education, 21 (2006): 467–484

53
APPENDIX
Appendix 1: Pai chart of gender

55
Appendix 3: Frequency Table in SPSS

57
Appendix 5: Frequency Data in SPSS Format

58
Appendix 6: Cronbach’s Alpha in SPSS

59
This survey is conducted to investigate the factor that effect student absenteeism.
(Kajianinidijalankanuntukmengkajifaktor yang terhadapkesanketidakhadiranpelajar.)
SECTION A: DEMOGRAPHIC
Please mark (√ ) your answer in the box provided.
(Silatandakan (√) jawapanandadalamkotak yang disediakan)
PROGRAMMES:
BHRM BOF BBM
GENDER:
MALE FEMALE
YEAR OF STUDY:
1 2 3 3
AGE:
18-20 21-23 24-26 27 ABOV

60
SECTION B : PART A (ABOUT ABSENTEEISM)
Please tick ( √ ) on each answer you choose. You may only choose (1) answer. For these
following questions, please rate according to the following.
(Silatandakan (√) padasetiapjawapan yang andapilih.Andahanyabolehmemilih (1)
jawapan.Untuksoalan-soalanberikut.
1. Strongly
Disagree
(sangattid
akbersetuj
u)
2. Disagree
(tidaksetuj
u)
3. Neutra
l
(neutra
l)
4. Agree
(setuju)
5. Strongly Agree
(sangatbersetuju)
NO STATEMENT 1 2 3 4 5
1
Absenteeism is voluntary nonattendance without valid reasons.
(Ketidakhadiranadalahkehadiransukarelabukantanpasebab yang sah)
2
Wehave ultimate responsibility for managing absenteeism.
(Kita
mempunyaitanggungjawabutamauntukmenguruskanketidakhadiran.)
SECTION B :PART B TO IDENTIFY THE POSSIBLE CAUSES OF ABSEENTEEISM
1
Quality/ clarity of lectures
(Kualiti / kejelasanpensyarahjejaskankuliah)
2
Teaching skill of the lecturer
(Kemahiranpensyarahmengajar)
3
Lack of sleep
(kurangtidur)
4
Lecturer timetable scheduled not the right hour
(jadualwaktupensyarahtidakpadamasadan jam yang

61
tepat/betul)
5
Need to attend to extracurricular/ personal activities
(Perlu dating keaktivitikurikulum / peribadi)
6
Number of student in class
(bilanganpelajar di dalamkelas yang padat)
7
Students did not finished the homework before the
class start (eg : tutorial, assignment)
(pelajartidakmenyiapkantugasansebelumkelasbermula)
8
Always student felt sick and unhealthy life
(pelajarkerapsakitdanmenjalanigayahidupkurangsihat)
9
Students are not interested in particular subject
(pelajartidakberminatdalamsesetengahsubjek)
10
Students have behavioral / or emotional problems
that interfere the learning process
(Pelajarmempunyaimasalahtingkahlaku / atauemosi
yang mengganggu prosespembelajaran)
SECTION C : TO IDENTIFY THE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF ABSEENTEEISM
1
Academic performance low
(pencapaianakademikmenurun)
2
Subject knowledge is outdated compared to other
students in the class
(Rasa ketinggalanberbandingdenganpelajar lain di
dalamkelas)
3
Lectures perception on your ability is low
(Pensyarahmelihatkeupayaan/kemampuanandarendah)

62
4
Fail to score well in quizzes, tests, and final exam
(gagalmenjawabdenganbaikdalamujian,
kuizdalampeperiksaanakhir)
5
Absenteesim will affect your carrymarks
(ketidakhadiranakanmenjejaskanmarkahanda)
6
Your name will be bar from final exam
(namaandaakandibekukandarimendudukipeperiksaanakhir)
7
Effect your CGPA and GPA
State your CGPA: ……………
(menjejaskan pointer)
8
Fail to get loan for next semester
(gagalmemperolehipembiayaan/pinjaman)
9
Trying to copy answer from other student in exam
(cubauntukmenirujawapanketikapeperiksaan)
10
Fail to graduate in academy to schedule
(gagalmenamatkanpengajianmengikutjadualtelahditetapkan)
SECTION D : WAYS TO OVERCOME ABSEENTEEISM
N
O
STATEMENTS 1 2 3 4 5
1
Make sure the classes sizes smaller (max 30 students)
(memastikandisetiapkelasbilanganpelajarmaksimumhanya 30 orang
pelajarsahaja)
2
Establishing a program of constantly emphasing the benefits of
attending the class to students
(Mewujudkan program
secaraberterusanmemberitumpuankhususkepadafaedahmenghadirikelasu

63
ntukpelajar)
3
Build a friendly and mutually respectful lecturer/ students
relationships
(Membinahubunganmesradansalingmenghormatiantarapensyarah /
pelajar)
4
Prioritize the ability of lectures to engage /entertain the class
(Mengutamakankebolehanpensyarahuntukmengendalikankelas)
5
Adjustment on class timing should be done.
(Penyesuaiankepadapenetapanmasakelasperludilakukan)
REFERENCES
Website
http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/132643_Student-absenteeism-high
Definition on Research Design (on-line) Available
(http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/research-design.html)
Definition on Data Analysis (on-line) Available
(http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/data-analysis.html)
http://www.google.com(search)
Definition on Research Method (On-line) Available
(http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/research-method.html)

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