1. Post Graduate Diploma in Knitwear
Industry Management (PGD-KIM) Program
BRAC Institute of Governance and Development
BRAC University
Course Name: QUALITY MANAGEMENT
Course code: KIM 204
Topic: Textile Testing
Prepared by Engr. Abul Bashar
2. One difference is that bioaccumulation refers to the build-up of the chemical in the body of
one organism while biomagnification refers to the build-up in multiple organisms.
Biomagnification also requires movement up a food chain in order to occur, while
bioaccumulation does not require that the animal be eaten.
3.
4. Physical Test :
• Tensile strength - tear strength - elongation-bursting strength –
shrinkage
• Abrasion resistance- pilling-Stiffness, drape
• Wrinkle or Crease recovery
• Water / oil Repellency test – Wicking
• Water/Air permeability
• Color fastness test:-
Washing fastness test ,Perspiration (Acid & Alkaline) fastness test, Rubbing (Dry & Wet) fastness
test, Water fastness test, Light fastness test, Organic Solvent fastness test
5. Fiber Performance Test:
• Fiber length
• Strength and elongation ;tensile properties
• density test
• Maturity test
• Color of fibers
• Dust
• Grading
6. Yarn Performance Test:
• Yarn count /density
• Twist per unit length
• Strength and elongation
• Appearance
• Evenness and regularity
• Hairiness
7. Fabric Test:
• Strength and elongation test
• Thickness
• Number of ends and picks per unit length
• The count of yarn used
• Fabric weight per unit length
• Design and construction of the cloth
• Air permeability
• Thermal properties
• Stiffness, drape
• Crease resistance and recovery
• Pilling
• Shrinkage
• Abrasion resistance
• Water absorbency or resistance etc.
8. • Stiffness is a special property of fabric. It is the
tendency of fabric to keep standing without any
support.
• Drape is the ability of a fabric to fall under its
own weight into wavy folds of different nature
• Factors affecting the resistance to bending offered by fibres, yarns
and woven fabrics are considered. Fibre stiffness depends upon fibre
material, shape of cross-section and denier. Yarn stiffness is usually
controlled by fibre stiffness, being little affected by twist under
normal conditions of lubrication
• Factors Affecting Drape Of Fabric. Drapability of a fabric is combined
effect of several factors such as stiffness, flexural rigidity, weight,
thickness etc.
9. Colour Fastness Tests :
• Washing fastness test
• Perspiration (Acid & Alkaline) fastness test
• Rubbing (Dry & Wet) fastness test
• Water fastness test
• Light fastness test
• Organic Solvent fastness test
10. Fabric Performance Tests :
• Weight per unit area
Abrasion resistance
• Pilling resistance
• Fabric stiffness
• Water resistance
• Oil repellency
• Bursting strength test
• Air permeability test
• Water vapor permeability
• Wicking (the rise of liquid on fabric )
• Absorbency of Textiles
• Water Repellency test -the water drops will simply roll off the fabric
• Flammability test
• Wrinkle or Crease recovery - Crease recovery is a fabric property which indicates
the ability of fabric to go back to its original position after creasing.
Oil repellency
11. Wrinkle or Crease recovery : -
Crease recovery is a fabric property which indicates
the ability of fabric to go back to its original position
after creasing
12. Major Chemical Test :-
01. Alkylphenols (APEO /NPE)
02. Phthalates (BPA)
03. Perfluorinated chemicals ,Brominated and chlorinated flame retardants
(PFAS, PFOA &PFOs and BFRs )
04. Azo dyes
05. Organotin compounds
06. Dimethylfumarate (DMFu)
07. Chlorobenzenes/Chlorophenols
08. Chlorinated solvents
09. Short-chain chlorinated paraffins
10. Heavy metals: cadmium, lead, mercury and chromium (VI),Ni
11. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
12. Formaldehyde
13. 01.Alkylphenols (APEO /NPE)
• Commonly used alkylphenol compounds include nonylphenols (NPs) and
octylphenols and their ethoxylates, particularly nonylphenol ethoxylates.
• Nonylphenol Ethoxylates (NPE) & alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEO) &
OPEO (octylphenol ethoxylates)
• NPs are widely used in the textiles industry in cleaning and dyeing
processes, weting agent, emulsifier, surfactant
• They are toxic to aquatic life, persist in the environment and can
accumulate in body tissue and biomagnify (increase in concentration
through the food chain).
• Their similarity to natural oestrogen hormones can disrupt sexual
development in some organisms, most notably causing the feminisation
of fish.
14.
15.
16. • Nonylphenol Ethoxylates (NPE) may be used in various industries as
detergents, emulsifiers and surfactants. NPE are known as toxic for
aquatic organisms and will degrade to alkyl phenols over time, which
are further classified as carcinogenic.
• The most important APEO or alkylphenol ethoxylates for the textile
industry are NPEO (nonylphenol ethoxylates) and OPEO (octylphenol
ethoxylates) due to their detergent properties. ... The compounds are
used in detergents, cleaning agents, or chemicals used for textile or
leather production
17. 02.Phthalates
• phthalates are common ingredients in coating, screen-printing and finishing formulations.
components that provide structural support in products vinyl flooring, adhesives, detergents,
lubricating oils, plastic clothes (raincoats), and personal-care products (soaps, shampoos, hair
sprays, and nail polishes
• Phthalates are a group of chemicals most commonly used to soften PVC (the plastic polyvinyl
chloride).
• In the textile industry they are used in artificial leather, rubber and PVC and in some dyes.
• There are substantial concerns about the toxicity of phthalates such as DEHP (Bis(2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate), which is reprotoxic in mammals, as it can interfere with development of the testes in
early life.
• The phthalates DEHP and DBP (Dibutyl phthalate) are classed as ‘toxic to reproduction’ in Europe
and their use restricted.
• Bisphenol-A (commonly known as BPA) and phthalates, which are called “everywhere chemicals”
because they are so common, are used in making countless plastic products that we see and use
everyday. ...
• BPA is used in hard, clear plastic, like baby bottles. Phthalates help make plastic, like pacifiers,
flexible.
18. What effect does BPA have on humans?
• Hormone levels. Some experts believe that BPA could theoretically act
like a hormone in the body, disrupting normal hormone levels and
development in fetuses, babies, and children. Animal studies have
had mixed results. Brain and behavior problems
copy hormone and replace original hormone
25. 03. A Perfluorinated chemicals
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulphonate
(PFOs), PFAS is Per and Poly Fluro Alkaline Substance
• Perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) are manmade chemicals widely used by
industry for their non-stick and water-repellent properties. In the textile
industry they are used to make textile and leather products both water
and stain-proof.
• Evidence shows that many PFCs persist in the environment and can
accumulate in body tissue and biomagnify (increasing in levels) through
the food chain. Once in the body some have been shown to affect the liver
as well as acting as hormone disruptors, altering levels of growth and
reproductive hormones.
• The best known of the PFCs is perfluorooctane sulphonate (PFOS), a
compound highly resistant to degradation; it is expected to persist for very
long periods in the environment
26. • Perfluorooctane sulfonic acids (PFOS) are anions that are commercially available in
the form of salts, derivatives and polymers. The major uses for PFOS-related
substances are in providing grease, oil and water resistance to materials such as
textiles, carpets, paper and in general coatings. Other smaller volume uses are in
chromium plating, photography, photolithography, fire fighting foams and in
hydraulic fluids for aviation.
• Risks of non-compliance
• PFOS has been found to be moderately toxic following ingestion, causing effects on
the liver and gastrointestinal tract, In addition to this, at very high exposure levels
PFOS has carcinogenic properties. It has also been found that dermal exposure can
lead to skin irritation.
• Furthermore PFOS compounds break down into Perfluorooctane sulfonate – a
chemical that is a persistent organic pollutant (POP). Once POPs are in the
environment, they are very difficult to get rid of. They can cross international
boundaries by air and water currents and bioaccumulate to toxic levels in plants
and animals.
27. 3.B) Brominated and chlorinated flame
retardants
• Many brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are persistent and
bioaccumulative chemicals that are now present throughout the
environment.
• Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are one of the most
common groups of BFRs and have been used to fireproof a wide
variety of materials, including textiles.
• Some PBDEs are capable of interfering with the hormone systems
involved in growth and sexual development.
• listed as a ‘priority hazardous substance’ under European water law
• Solid materials are decomposed by heat and release flammable gasses. When flammable
gasses burn with oxygen, flames are visible. ... Bromine Flame Retardants (BFRs) are the
most prolific flame retardant used for their vapor phase inhibition propertie
28.
29.
30. Used of PFOs or PFOAs.
• leather
• pesticides
• firefighting foams
• polishes
• adhesives
• paint
• waxes
protective sprays
• cleaning products
• coatings for carpets and
upholstery
• carpets
• waterproof clothing
• cosmetics
• grease-proof food packaging
• heat resistant tape
• non-stick pans
31. How Can We Minimize the Risks?
• Avoid products that could contain PFOs and PFOA such as non-
stick cookware or coated food packaging.
• As a general rule, due to the risk associated with PFOA/PFOs and
other toxic chemicals, it's recommended to buy organic cleaning
products.
32. " PFAS are known as permanent chemicals"or Forever Chemicals
• রপফাি এি িম্পূণ শঅে শেলে পাি এবাং
পরে ফ
্ েূলিা অযােক্াইে িাব্িলটন্স, যা
এক্টট রবষাে িািায়রনক্ পোে শএবাং
আমালেি খাবাি পারনলত উপরস্থ্ত োক্লত
পালি। এই িািায়রনক্ পোে শআমিা
রনলজি অজালন্তই বািবাি বযবোি ক্িরে
।এই িািায়রনক্ পোে শ
গুলো “রেিস্থ্ায়ী
িািায়রনক্ পোে শ
” রেলিলব পরিরেরত, যা
আমালেি দেলশ রবরভন্ন বযবিারয়ক্ পণযলত
বযবহৃত েলে। মূেত ক্েক্ািখানা এবাং
রবলশষ ক্লি দভাগযপণয উৎপােলন,
দযমন- ক্ালপ শ
ট ও খােযপণয দমাড়ালনাি
ক্াগজ ততরিলত বযবোি ক্িা েয়।
বাাংোলেলশ এই িািায়রনক্ পোে শ
গুলো
রবরভন্ন মাধযম েলত খাে – রবে, নেী –
নাোলত েলে আিলে এবাং আমালেি
খাবাি পারনলত রমলশ যালে।
• The full meaning of PFAS is Per and
Poly Fluro Alkaline Substance, which is
a toxic chemical and may be present
in our drinking water. We are using
these chemicals again and again
without our knowledge. These
chemicals are known as & "permanent
chemicals" or Forever
Chemicals", which are being used in
various commercial products in our
country. It is mainly used in factories
and especially in manufacturing
consumer goods, such as carpets and
food wrapping paper. In Bangladesh,
these chemicals flow into canals,
beels, rivers, and from canals to
different sources and get mixed with
our drinking water
33.
34.
35. 04. Azo dyes
• Azo dyes are one of the main types of dye used by
the textile industry. However, some azo dyes break
down during use and release chemicals known as
aromatic amines, some of which can cause cancer.
• The EU has banned the use of these azo dyes that
release cancer-causing amines in any textiles that
come into contact with human skin.
• Mutagenic is a physical or chemical agent that
changes the genetic material, usually DNA, of an
organism
36. 05. Organotin compounds
• Organotin compounds are used in biocides and as antifungal agents
in a range of consumer products. Within the textile industry they have
been used in products such as socks, shoes and sport clothes to
prevent odour caused by the breakdown of sweat.
• One of the best-known organotin compounds is tributyltin (TBT). One
of its main uses was in antifouling paints for ships, until evidence
emerged that it persists in the environment, builds up in the body and
can affect immune and reproductive systems. Dibutyltin compounds
have a irritant effect on skin and eyes.
• TBT has also been used in textiles and is listed as a ‘priority
hazardous substance’ under EU regulations that require measures to
be taken to eliminate its pollution of surface waters in Europe.
37. 6. What is DMFu testing?
• DMFu testing is the testing of Dimethylfumarate in products such as
finished footwear and furniture. Dimethylfumarate (DMFu) has good anti-
fungal properties and has been associated with mould inhibitor sachets
used as part of the packaging process for finished footwear and Textile and
furniture products.
• Why you need to test for DMFu?
• DMFu has been highlighted as being an allergenic sensitizer causing severe skin reactions at low
concentrations.
• It was commonly found that anti-mould sachets were being placed in product packaging or being stapled
to products themselves which caused, over time, the volatile DMF to sublime and permeate into the
product.
• DMF is used in production of acrylic fibres and polyurethan products as
well as in manufacture of artificial leathers, films and surface coatings
• May deteriorate during storage or transport in humid condition
38.
39. 07. Chlorophenols/ Chlorobenzenes
(PCP,PCB, TeCP),
• Chlorobenzenes are bioaccumulative chemicals that have been used as solvents and biocides, in the
manufacture of dyes and as chemical intermediaries.
• Chlorophenols are a group of chemicals used as biocides in a wide range of applications, from pesticides to
wood preservatives and textiles.
• Pentachlorophenol (PCP) and its derivatives are used as biocides in the textile industry. PCP is highly toxic to
humans and can affect many organs in the body. It is also highly toxic to aquatic organisms.
• The EU banned production of PCP-containing products in 1991 and now also heavily restricts the sale and
use of all goods that contain the chemical.
• Chlorophenols are polychlorinated compounds used as preservatives or pesticides.
• Pentachlorophenol (PCP) and tetrachlorophenol (TeCP)
• Pentachlorophenol is extremely toxic to humans from acute (short-term) ingestion and inhalation exposure.
Acute inhalation exposures in humans have resulted in neurological, blood, and liver effects, and eye
irritation.
• Within the EU, pentachlorobenzene(PCB) and HCB are classified as ‘priority hazardous substances’ under
regulations
• The effects of exposure depend on the type of chlorobenzene; however, they commonly affect the liver,
thyroid and central nervous system. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), the most toxic and persistent chemical of
this group, is also a hormone disruptor.
40. 0. Chlorobenzenes (PCB
• Chlorobenzenes are bioaccumulative chemicals that have been used as
solvents and biocides, in the manufacture of dyes and as chemical
intermediaries.
• The effects of exposure depend on the type of chlorobenzene; however,
they commonly affect the liver, thyroid and central nervous system.
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), the most toxic and persistent chemical of this
group, is also a hormone disruptor.
• Within the EU, pentachlorobenzene and HCB are classified as ‘priority
hazardous substances’ under regulations that require measures to be taken
to eliminate their pollution of surface waters in Europe. They are also listed
as ‘persistent organic pollutants’ for global restriction under the Stockholm
Convention, and in line with this they are prohibited or scheduled for
reduction and eventual elimination in Europe.
41. 08. Chlorinated solvents
• Chlorinated solvents - such as trichloroethane (TCE) - are used by
textile manufacturers to dissolve other substances during
manufacturing and to clean fabrics.
• TCE is an ozone-depleting substance. It is also known to affect the
central nervous system, liver and kidneys.
• Since 2008 the EU has strictly restricted the use of TCE in both
products and fabric cleaning
42.
43.
44. How can PCBs affect my health?
Mercury and PCBs chemicals stay in the environment for many years and can
build up in long-lived, The chemicals enter your body when you eat polluted
fish.
Mercury and PCBs are odorless and colorless, so you can’t see, smell or taste
these chemicals in fish.
Mercury and PCBs are especially dangerous for women ages 15 to 44 and for
young children, who should avoid eating fish from polluted areas.
• PCBs build up in the body and may cause cancer in humans.
• • Mothers can transfer PCBs and mercury to their unborn
children during pregnancy and to an infant through breast milk.
• Mercury and PCB exposure can harm the brain of a baby or young
child.
• Babies born to women who consume high levels of PCBs or mercury
can have low birth weight.
45. 09. Short-chain chlorinated paraffins
• Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) are used in the textile
industry as flame retardants and finishing agents for leather and
textiles, fireproof, paint, coating
• . They are highly toxic to aquatic organisms, do not readily break
down in the environment and have a high potential to accumulate in
living organisms.
• Short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) raise concerns due to
bioaccumulation, long-range transport and adverse effects.
• Fat soluble , not water soluble
48. 10. Heavy metals: cadmium, lead, mercury and
chromium (VI)
• Heavy metals such as cadmium, lead and mercury, have been used in
certain dyes and pigments used for textiles. These metals can accumulate
in the body over time and are highly toxic, with irreversible effects
including damage to the nervous system (lead and mercury) or the kidneys
(cadmium). Cadmium is also known to cause cancer.
• Uses of chromium (VI) include certain textile processes and leather
tanning: it is highly toxic even at low concentrations, including to many
aquatic organisms.
• Within the EU cadmium, mercury and lead have been classified as ‘priority
hazardous substances’ under regulations that require measures to be taken
to eliminate their pollution of surface waters in Europe. Uses of cadmium,
mercury and lead have been severely restricted in Europe for some time,
including certain specific uses of mercury and cadmium in textiles
49. • Even a small amount of lead can make you sick or damage you. Lead
can stay in the body for a long time. Lead stays in the blood for
several months and it can be stored in the bones for 30 years or
more. The more lead you are exposed to, the more likely you are to
get lead poisoned.
50.
51.
52. Lead' is one of the 10 toxic chemicals identified by the
World Health Organization (WHO), known as the
cause of public health concerns. They have urged
different countries to take steps to protect the health
of their workers, children and women. According to
WHO, there are no safe levels of 'caesar' in blood. If
the same amount, such as-5 micrograms per deciliter,
can cause children's thinking and Buddha extinction,
behavioral problems and education problems.
Leads are poisonous for all ages and can harm the
body. Children with lead illness may not look sick, but
this lead could create serious health problems in the
future. After the lead enters the body, it continues to
accumulate in the brain, kidneys, liver and various
parts of the body. It is accumulated over time in the
body basically between the teeth and the bones. The
lead stored in the bone during pregnancy mixes with
blood and goes into the fetus.
রবশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য িাংস্থ্াি (WHO) রেরিত ১০টট রবষাে
িািায়রনক্ পোলে শ
ি মলধয 'িীিা' অনযতম, যা
জনস্বালস্থ্যি জনয উলেলগি ক্ািণ রেিালব পরিরেরত
দপলয়লে। তািা রবরভন্ন দেশলক্ তালেি শ্ররমক্, রশশু
এবাং মরেোলেি স্বাস্থ্য িিক্ষাি জনয পেলক্ষপ
দনওয়াি অনলিাধ জারনলয়লে। WHO -ি তেযমলত,
িলে 'িীিাি' দক্ালনা রনিাপে মাত্রা দনই। যরে িমান
পরিমান, দযমন- ৫ মাইলোগ্রামও যরে প্ররত
দডরিরেটালি োলক্, তলবতা রশশুলেি রেন্তা এবাং বি
দোপ পাওয়া, আেিণগত িমিযা এবাং রশক্ষা গ্রেলণ
িমিযাি ক্ািণ েলত পালি।
িীিা িব বয়লিি জনযই রবষাে এবাং তা শিীলিি
মািাত্মক্ ক্ষরত ক্িলত পালি। িীিাজরনত অিস্থ্তায়
আোন্ত রশশুলেি দেলখ মলন েলব না তািা অিস্থ্,
রক্ন্তু এই িীিাি মাধযলম ভরবষযলত তালেি গুরুতি
স্বাস্থ্যগত িমিযা ততরি ক্িলত পালি। িীিা শিীলি
প্রলবলশি পলি এটট মদ্ধস্তষ্ক, রক্ডরন, রেভাি এবাং
শিীলিি রবরভন্ন অঙ্গগুলোলত জমা েলত োলক্।
দেলেি মলধয মূেত োুঁলত এবাং োলড়ি মলধয এটট
িমলয়ি িালে িালে জমা েয়। গভশাবস্থ্ায় োলড়
িদ্ধিত িীিা িলেি িালে রমলশ ভ্রুলণ েলে যায়।
53. • Nickel is also one of the most common allergenic metals, and about 10%-20%
of people are allergic to nickel ion.
• More women are sensitive to nickel than men. This difference between men
and women is thought to be a result of greater exposure of women to nickel
through jewellery and other metal items containing nickel.
• Once a person is sensitized to nickel, further contact with the metal may cause
a reaction.
• The most common reaction is a skin rash at the site of contact. For some
sensitized people, dermatitis (a type of skin rash) may develop in an area of the
skin that is away from the site of contact.
• Some workers exposed to nickel by inhalation can become sensitized and have
asthma attacks, but this is rare. People who are sensitive to nickel have
reactions when nickel comes into prolonged contact with the skin. Some
sensitized individuals react when they eat nickel in food or water or breathe
dust containing nickel.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58. • The Government of Bangladesh is
committed to aim to protect
human health and environment by
adopting measures for reduction of
mercury emissions and releases.
Bangladesh is a signatory country
of the Minamata convention on
mercury which is an international
treaty that calls for a ban of a
number of mercury added
products by 2020. Ratification of
the convention is an urge to the
government of the country.
• বাাংোলেশ িিক্াি পািে রনগ শ
মন
ক্মালনাি মাধযলম মানব স্বাস্থ্য ও
পরিলবশ িক্ষায় প্ররতশ্রুরতবি।
বাাংোলেশ পািে িম্পরক্শত
রমনামাতা ক্নলভনশলনি
স্বাক্ষিক্ািী এক্টট দেশ। এই
ক্নলভনশনটট এক্টট আন্তজশারতক্
েুদ্ধে যা ২০২০ িালেি মলধয দবশ
ক্লয়ক্টট পািে যে পণয রনরষি
ক্িাি আহ্বান জারনলয়লে।
ক্নলভনশনটট অনলমােন ক্িাি
জনয পরিলবশবােীিা বাাংোলেশ
িিক্ালিি প্ররত আহ্বান
জারনলয়লেন
59.
60. Name of disease
Japanese prefecture
affected
Cause Source Year
Itai-itai disease Toyama Prefecture Cadmium poisoning
Mitsui Mining &
Smelting Company
1912
Minamata disease
Kumamoto
Prefecture
Methylmercury Chisso Corporation 1956
Niigata Minamata
Disease
Niigata Prefecture Methylmercury Showa Denko 1965
Yokkaichi Asthma Mie Prefecture Sulfur dioxide
Air pollution
within Yokkaichi
1961
• The four big pollution diseases of Japan (四大公害病 yondai kōgai-byō) were a group of man-made diseases all
caused by environmental pollution due to improper handling of industrial wastes by Japanese corporations.
The first occurred in 1912, and the other three occurred in the 1950s and 1960s
61. 11. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
• Uses in the Supply Chain Oil residues containing PAHs are added to rubber
and plastics as a softener or extender and may be found in rubber, plastics,
lacquers, and coatings. PAHs are often found in the outsoles of footwear
and in printing pastes for screen prints. PAHs can be present as impurities
in carbon black dyestuffs. Naphthalene is often present as an impurity from
low-quality raw materials used as intermediates in the production of textile
dye dispersing agents and may be found in textiles.
• Highly carcinogenic, Mutagenic/ teratogenic
• A teratogen is an agent that can disturb the development of the embryo or
fetus. Teratogens halt the pregnancy or produce a congenital malformation
(a birth defect). Classes of teratogens include radiation, maternal
infections, chemicals, and drugs.
65. List of 33 priority substances
The following 33 substances and chemical compounds are included in the list of priority substances established
by the European Union. Some of these priority substances are also priority hazardous substances
• List of 20 priority substances
• The following 20 substances are priority substances, but not priority hazardous substances
• Alachlor
• Atrazine
• Benzene
• Chlorfenvinphos
• Chlorpyrifos
• 1,2-Dichloroethane
• Dichloromethane
• Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP)
• Diuron
• Fluoranthene
• Isoproturon
• Lead and its compounds
• Naphthalene
• Nickel and its compounds
• Octylphenols
• Pentachlorophenol
• Simazine
• Trichlorobenzenes
• Trichloromethane
• Trifluralin
• List of 13 priority hazardous substances
• The following 13 substances are priority substances and priority
hazardous substances:
• Anthracene
• Pentabromodiphenylether
• Cadmium and its compounds
• C10-13-chloroalkanes
• Endosulfan
• Hexachlorobenzene
• Hexachlorobutadiene
• Hexachlorocyclohexane
• Mercury and its compounds
• Nonylphenols
• Pentachlorobenzene
• Polyaromatic hydrocarbons
• Tributyltin compounds
66. substance of very high concern (SVHC)
• A substance of very high
concern (SVHC) is a
chemical substance (or part of a
group of chemical substances)
concerning which it has been
proposed that use within the
European Union be subject to
authorisation under the REACH
Regulation.
Your developing baby is called an embryo from the moment of conception to the eighth week of pregnancy. After the eighth week and until the moment of birth, your developing baby is called a fetus.
The priority substances include 13 priority hazardous substances. These are substances which are toxic, persistent and likely to bioaccumulate and other substances which give rise to equal concern
