Comp tia n+_session_03

CompTIA N+ Certification: Network Media and Hardware
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation

Objectives

In this session, you will learn to:
Identify the major types of bounded network media.
List the major types of unbounded network media.
Identify methods for noise control.
Identify the primary types of network connectivity devices.

Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 1 of 42


Bounded Network Media

The data is carried across the network by the network
media.
Unbounded
The network media is of two types: media

Bounded
Unbounded

Bounded
media



Bounded Network Media (Contd.)

The bounded network media uses a physical conductor and
are of following types:
Copper Media
Twisted Pair Cable
Fiber Optic Cable
IEEE 1394
Plenum and PVC Cables



Copper Media

• Copper cable is a type of bounded media that uses one or
more copper conductors surrounded by a non-conductive
insulated coating.
• Example of copper cable is a Coaxial Cable.



Coaxial Cable and Connector Types

• Coaxial cable, or coax, is a type of copper cable that
features a central conductor surrounded by braided or foil
shielding.
• Types of coaxial cables are:
• RG58/U Non-
conductive
insulated
• RG58A/U Braided shielding coating

• RG8
• RG9 Single copper
conductor

• RG62



Twisted Pair Cable

• Twisted pair is a type of cable in which multiple insulated
conductors are twisted around each other and clad in a
protective and insulating outer jacket.
• Types of twisted pair cable are:
Unshielded twisted pair (UTP)
Shielded twisted pair (STP)
Pair has base
color scheme

Conductors are striped

Primary and secondary wire



UTP Vs. STP Cable

• Types of twisted pair cable are:
Unshielded twisted pair (UTP)
Shielded twisted pair (STP)

Cable Type Description

Does not include shielding around its conductors. Typically
contains four pairs of stranded or solid conductors. Inexpensive
UTP
and reliable. Supports distances of up to 100 meters (328 feet).
Supports data transfer rates up to 1 Gbps.

Includes shielding, typically a foil wrapper, around its
conductors to improve the cable's resistance to interference and
noise. Typically contains four pairs of stranded or solid
STP
conductors. Supports distances up to 100 meters (328 feet).
More expensive than UTP. Most commonly used in Token Ring
networking.



Twisted Pair Cable Categories

Twisted pair cable comes in different grades, called
categories, which support different network speeds and
technologies such as:
Maximum
Category Network Type
Speed
Voice grade; not suitable for
1 n/a
networking
Digital telephone and low speed
2 4 Mbps
networks
3 Ethernet 10 Mbps

4 IBM Token Ring 16 Mbps
5 Fast Ethernet 100 Mbps
5e Gigabit Ethernet 350 Mbps
6 Gigabit Ethernet 1 Gbps

7 Gigabit Ethernet 1 Gbps+



Twisted Pair Connectors

• Types of twisted pair connectors are:
RJ11 connector
RJ45 connector

1 W/Green P3
2 Green
3 W/Orange
4 Blue P1 P2
5 W/Blue
6 Orange
7 W/Brown P4
8 Brown



Fiber Optic Cable

• Fiber optic cable is a type of network cable in which the
core is one or more glass or plastic strands.

Outer jacket Silica cladding

Inner jacket
Glass or plastic core



Fiber Optic Cable Mode Types

• Types of fiber optic cable mode are:
Single-mode fiber: Carries a single optical signal
Step index multimode fiber: Permits multiple optical signals
Graded index multimode fiber: Permits multiple optical signals
but is more expensive then step index multimode fiber



Fiber Connectors

• Types of fiber connectors are:
ST
SC
FC ST SC FC

FDDI
Mini-BNC
Biconic
LC FDDI Mini-BNC Biconic

SMA
MT-RJ

LC SMA MT-RJ



IEEE 1394

• IEEE 1394, better known as FireWire, can be used to
connect up to 63 devices to form a small local network.
• Connections to devices are made with either a six- or four-
pin connector.

Four-pin Six-pin



Plenum and PVC Cables

• Plenum cable is a network cable that is jacketed tightly
around the conductors so that fire cannot travel within the
cable.
• Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-jacketed cabling is inexpensive
and flexible.



Activity 4-2

Activity on Identifying
Bounded Network Media



Unbounded Network Media

• Unbounded media uses electromagnetic signals that are
transmitted through the air with radio, microwave, or infrared
radiation.
• The types of unbounded network media are:
Wireless Communication
Radio Networking
Infrared Transmission
Microwave Transmission




• Wireless communication is a type of communications in
which signals are transmitted as electromagnetic energy.
• Wireless connections can be:
Point-to-Point: Are used to link distant buildings or networks
Broadcast: Are used to enable communications within a
building or small geographical area



Radio Networking

• Radio networking is a form of wireless communications in
which signals are sent via radio frequency (RF) waves in
the 10 KHz and 1 GHz range.
• Radio networking is of following types:
Broadcast: Is a form of RF networking that is nondirectional
and uses a single frequency for transmissions
Spread Spectrum: Is a form of radio transmission in which the
signal is sent over more then one frequency




• Infrared transmission is a form of wireless transmission
over unbounded media in which signals are sent via pulses
of infrared light.

Receiver




• Microwave transmission is a form of wireless transmission
over unbounded media in which signals are sent via pulses
of electromagnetic energy in the microwave region of the
spectrum.

Sender transmits Receiver has
electromagnetic signals unobstructed view



Noise Control

• Noise is the unwanted interference that takes place during
the flow of data in a network.
• The various noise control techniques are:
Shielding
Differential Signaling
Noise Control with Twisted Pair
Termination
Grounding
Media Installation Techniques



Electrical Noise

• Electrical noise is unwanted signals that are introduced
into network media.

The various sources of electrical noise are:
Ambient noise
Power wires
Electric motors
Electrically-based heat-generating devices
Fluorescent, neon, and high-intensity discharge (HID) lights



Shielding

• Shielding is any grounded conductive material placed
around the data media to block the introduction of noise into
the media.
Noise

Drain



Differential Signaling

• Differential signaling is a noise reduction technique in
which the signals from two inputs are compared; signals
that are identical on the two inputs are ignored, while those
that are different on the inputs are accepted.



Noise Control with Twisted Pair

The twists in the twisted pair cable determine how resistant
to noise the cable will be.



Termination

• Termination is the application of a resistor or other device to
the end of a cable.
• Adding a terminator ensures that the end of the cable
doesn’t represent an abrupt change in impedance, which
would be a source of signal reflections and noise.

Prevents signal
reflection

Terminator Terminator



Grounding

• Grounding is the connection of a shield or conductor to an
electrical ground point, such as a pipe or wire that is in
contact with the earth.

Pipe connects to earth Ground point Conductor

• Networking and other sensitive electronic equipment should
be grounded to dedicated points rather than to pipes and
conduits.



Media Installation Techniques

The following guidelines should be followed, to limit noise
on data cables caused by media installation techniques:
Separate data and electric cables
Keep network cables at least 20 inches from fluorescent lights
Ensure all electrical equipments and electrical circuits are
grounded
Follow standards, specifications, and manufacturer’s directions
while installing network cables



Network Connectivity Devices

Network connectivity devices connect clients to the network
and assist in moving data around a network in the most
efficient manner.
The various network connectivity devices are:
• Network Interface Cards (NICs)
• Transceivers
• Premise Wiring
• Repeaters
• Hubs
• Switches
• Bridges
• Routers
• Wireless Access Points
• Gateways



Network Interface Cards (NICs)

• A network interface card (NIC) is a device that serves as
an intermediary between the computer’s data bus and the
network.



Transceivers

• A transceiver is a device that both sends and receives
data.
• In networking, transceivers are used to connect a
computer’s NIC to the network media.
Transceiver chip



Premise Wiring

• Premise wiring is the cables, connectors, and connection
points that make a network functional.
• The various premise wiring components are:
• Drop cable
Rack in a wiring closet
• Patch panel
• Patch cable
• Cross connects Patch cables

• Wiring closet
Patch panels

Drop cable



Repeaters

• A repeater is a device that regenerates a signal to improve
transmission distance.

Repeater



Hubs

• A hub is a networking device used to connect the drops in a
physical star topology network into a logical bus topology.
• Types of hubs are:
Active hub
Passive hub

Hub



Switches

• A switch is a networking device used to connect the drops
in a physical star topology network into a logical bus
topology.
• Switches forward packets to the correct port based on MAC
addresses.
Connects pairs of ports
• Types of switches are:
Cut-through
Fragment-free
Store-and-forward Switch



Bridges

• A bridge is a network device that divides a logical bus
network into subnets.
• Bridges examine the MAC address of each packet.
• Types of bridges are:
Manual bridges
Learning bridges

Bridge

Divides network
based on MAC
addresses



Routers

• A router is a networking device that connects multiple
networks that use the same protocol.

Router

Divides network
based on
network
addresses



Wireless Access Points

• A wireless access point is a device that provides
connection between wireless devices and can connect to
wired networks.

WAP



Gateways

• A gateway is a device, software, or a system that converts
data between incompatible systems.

LAN media WAN media

Gateway



Summary

In this session, you learned that:
The various media types:
• Copper Media
• Coaxial cable
• Twisted Pair Cable
• Fiber Optic Cable
• IEEE 1394
• Plenum and PVC Cables
The types of unbounded network media:
Radio Networking



Summary (Contd.)

The various noise control techniques are:
• Electrical Noise
• Shielding
• Differential Signaling
• Noise Control with Twisted Pair
• Termination
• Grounding
• Media Installation Techniques



Summary (Contd.)

The various network connectivity devices are:
• Network Interface Cards (NICs)
• Transceivers
• Premise Wiring
• Repeaters
• Hubs
• Switches
• Bridges
• Routers
• Wireless Access Points
• Gateways


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