Essays On The Renaissance

Essay about The European Renaissance
Renaissance Essay
The 14th, 15th and part of 16th century was a glorious time for Europe, it was the reformation of
many old ideas and the formation of many new, this was called the Renaissance. The Renaissance
brought many changes to Europe, the economy was greatly boosted by of all the new explorations.
The flourishing economy helped to inspire new developments in art and literature. And from that
many new beliefs were formed.
The European economy flourished during the Renaissance due to many factors. There was a large
income coming in from over seas exploration. Spain alone received added income from Christopher
Columbus and when he stumbled across North America on his way to find a shorter rout to the Indies.
...show more content...
Michaelango painted the Sistine Chapel, which is located in the Vatican in Rome. The Sistine
Chapel depicted the book of Genesis. The manner in which it was painted was unlike another at the
time, all the characters in the Sistine chapel are very life like and realistic. Also it was one of the
first times that religion was painted by the painters opinion of the events. The arts led to new ways
of thinking.
With the arts the artists began to think on their own and those movements began to spread. It was
not just what the church said anymore that was right. Humanism, one of the new beliefs which was
formed during the Renaissance, said that people should read the works of the greats and focus on
writing, and the arts. Humanists believed that they were equal with the ancient Greek and Roman
writers and philosophers. Petrarch was the original humanist, and a writer who wrote many letters to
the people of ancient Rome. In those letters he spoke as if he was an equal with them. Another of the
new beliefs was scholasticism, which was the opposite of humanism. Scholastics thought that people
should spend more time the sciences, they also wanted the church and science to be brought together
as one. As new scientific discoveries were made many of the churches theories were beginning to be
questioned.
Some of the new scientific discoveries consisted of theories which went against the churches beliefs.
One theory which was proven true about
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Essay about Early Renaissance Art
Art has gone through many significant developments throughout history. The most important turning
point was the renaissance. Art took a huge turn before the 1500's and even after. The Renaissance
has assisted the world of art in breaking away from a classic structure and shaping it to what it is
day. Prior to this cultural rebirth, artworks were mostly not made to scale. Paintings were unrealistic
and disproportionate. Religious figures seemed to be the focus of many works. The Renaissance
changed the old social context of art by introducing humanism, new themes and techniques.
The Renaissance was a time when people began to think and see things differently. It was a time for
new innovations. People wanted to study the...show more content...
These factors help explain why the Renaissance started in Italy.
Renaissance patrons wanted art that expressed life's pleasures and joy in human beauty. It
needed to be more real. Art was finally taking its turn. The use of foreshortening to create depth
within art was getting better. The surroundings in art were realistic. The studies of shadow and
light began. Even shading to create depth was better. Statues expressed natural beauty. Artists
began using new techniques such as frescoes. In the middle ages, the perspective was limited to
some modeling figures. Lines drawn along the edges of the withdrawing planes would go to
different points, which was done to give the viewer the sense of being in several different areas
of the painting. However, in Europe, an attempt was finally being made to be realistically
rendering space, which was not exactly perfected until the Renaissance. In the Renaissance, new
techniques were invented such as One Point Perspective. It created a real sense of depth. Each of
the planes going into the back of the space combined at one point corresponding to the eye of the
viewer, just as it does in life. Renaissance art was more visually accurate due to the source of
funding for the arts, revival of the Greco–Roman style, humanism and the invention of new artistic
techniques.
Humanism in visual arts was a huge influencer. Renaissance Humanism centred itself on Humanity's
potential for

Essay on Renaissance Art
The Renaissance was a period of European history that began in 14th–century Italy and spread to the
rest of Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries. In this period, the feudal society of the Middle Ages
(5th century to 15th century) was transformed into a society dominated by central political
institutions, with an urban, commercial economy and patronage of education, the arts, and music.
The term renaissance, literally meaning "rebirth," was first employed in 1855 by French historian
Jules Michelet (Paolucci 14). Swiss historian Jakob Burckhardt, in his classic work The Civilization
of the Renaissance in Italy (1860), defined the Renaissance as the period between Italian painters
Giotto and Michelangelo (Paolucci 18). Burckhardt...show more content...
Classical manuscripts such as the dialogues of Greek philosopher Plato and the works of the Greek
dramatists were rediscovered and critically edited for the first time. These activities and other
humanistic studies and artistic endeavors were supported by leading families such as Medici of
Florence, and also by papal Rome and the doges of Venice (Cole 60). From the mid–15th century on,
classical form was rejoined with classical subject matter, and mythological scenes adorned palaces,
walls, and plates (Cole 61). The Renaissance ideals of harmony and proportion culminated in the
works of Italian artists Raphael, Leonardo da Vinci, and Michelangelo in the 16th century.
Progress was made in medicine, anatomy, mathematics, and especially astronomy, with the
innovative work of Nicolaus Copernicus of Poland, Tycho Brahe of Denmark, Johannes Kepler of
Germany, and Galileo of Italy (Gilbert 36). Geography was transformed by new knowledge derived
from explorations. The invention of printing in the 15th century revolutionized the dissemination of
knowledge. The use of gunpowder transformed warfare, and in political thought, Renaissance
theorists such as Machiavelli contended that the central task of government was to maintain security
and peace, and not preserve liberty and justice (Ackerman 122). Renaissance clergy patterned their
behavior after the

Essay on The European Renaissance
After the great advances of what is now ancient Greece and Rome, also known as the "classics";
Europe fell into a period of darkness. Within it, learning was suppressed and knowledge didn't
advance. However, by a turn into the 1400's, there was a "rebirth" of learning: the Renaissance. The
Renaissance was marked by an intense awaking in the visible world and in the knowledge derived
from the experiences rather than religion and wise tales. It turned away from the abstract
speculations and interest in life after death which is characterized in the Middle Ages. Although
Christianity was not forgotten completely, the holy culture of the Middle Ages were largely rejected.
The interest in classical literature began in the Middle Ages. The late...show more content...
In the era of the Renaissance, William Shakespeare emerged as a great playwright and poet.
However, it would be until centuries later that he would be famous for the impact of his literary
work. Shakespeare is recognized for his plays, that depicted the immense social, ethical, and
political issues of his own age. His literary contributions were an essential measure to England's
transformation. Shakespeare's production of the plays Hamlet, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, and A
Midsummer Night's Dream were just among many he produced. In addition to his plays, he also
composed over a hundred sonnets. William Shakespeare came from humble origins. He was born in
the quaint market town of Stratford–Upon–Avon, which is ninety miles northwest of London. His
birth date still remains a mystery, but he first came to public notice on April 26, 1564; on the day
his baptism was first recorded in the Parish Church of Stratford–Upon–Avon. However, his birthday
is traditionally on April 23, 1564. He married Anne Hathaway and had several children. His plays
reflect many of the questions that were being asked during the Renaissance Movement. In his play
Macbeth, the question arises of whether fate is created by God or if individuals have the power of
free–will. This question challanged the archaic view that an idividual's life is pre–destined and all of
his/ her decisions are made. The tragic hero,Macbeth encounters three witches, who

Essay On The Renaissance
The Renaissance was a period of a drastic change in European history. Renaissance, meaning
"re–birth", was a time of intellectual excitement, when art and literature grew and groundbreaking
scientific developments were made. The time before the Renaissance was commonly named as the
Middle Ages which lasted from 500 C.E to 1350. The European culture started to change when
peasants started to be more self–sufficient, movement called humanism started, and so one. This
starts to leads to the of question "How did the Renaissance change European's perspective of the
world and themselves?". There may have been many ways of how the European's perspective of
themselves and others changed, but one of the clearest evidence of the outbreak of the Renaissance
...show more content...
He made a theory of the universe that was adopted to many of the scholars of the Middle Ages.
This theory was called "The geocentric universe of Ptolemy" Based on this, his theory meant that the
universe was revolving around the Earth, and Earth was the center of everything. This rtheory was
also strongly agreed by the Catholic churches and popes of the time. Later on, the polish astronomer
Nicolaus Copernicus lived from 1473–1543. This was almost 150 years after the Middle Ages
ended. Based on his mathematics, he developed a very different understanding of the universe from
Ptolemy. His theory was called "The heliocentric universe of Copernicus." According to Copernicus'
Theory, the sun is the center and the earth is going around it. The idea of Copernicus' theory was
upsetting to the church. What explains this is the church has been backing up Ptolemy's theory and
declaring it to everyone. So when Copernicus brought up this idea with detail and mathematical
backup, people started to doubt the church, and what they have been saying. Even though the
catholic churches had respect for Copernicus and his idea, till a wave of Protestant opposition led
the church to ban Copernicus' idea, Ways Copernicus influenced the way people thought about a
man's place in the universe was it brought up ideas like orbit, revolve,

A1. Earlier Historical Art Period
In the early 1300s, Europeans began to shed the dark and oppressing mindsets of the Middle Ages.
This sparked a revolution that would begin in Italy and spread throughout Europe, and is known
today as the Renaissance. The word Renaissance literally (and fittingly) means 'rebirth' – making it a
fitting title for a period where interest in learning, philosophy, and the classical arts were 'reborn'.
Where the Middle Ages took the meaning out of the arts – using paintings and sculptures for nothing
more than decorations in houses of religion, for instance – the Renaissance gave it back. Artists
began to experiment and came up with new and original ideas instead of acting solely on old ones.
As people saw...show more content...
Churches were no longer the only beautiful buildings, as people took more interest in secular
buildings such as libraries and theatres.
Also influenced by the classical world was literature. Religion was forced onto people in the Middle
Ages, but when the Renaissance began, those people started to look back on the philosophies of the
ancient Romans and Greeks. Interest in humanism – the belief that one can rely on intellect and
common sense instead of a god – soared to new heights. Respect grew for the classical authors, and
often Renaissance authors would copy the themes and styles in classical literature.
A2. Later Historical Art Period
The eighteen hundreds saw the birth of Romanticism, a period of time where emotion was thought to
be more important than reason. The preceding period, called the Enlightenment, had put heavy
emphasis on thought and intellect and rationalization. In response, Romanticism strove to put that
same emphasis on feelings and emotional response. Romantics turned to nature for true beauty and
for means of escape, relied on intuition and insight, admired the lower classes for their folk cultures,
and stressed imagination and creativity. They believed that civilization as a whole only corrupted,
and did what they could to rebel against social conventions.
Literature, poetry especially, emphasized the importance of nature and childhood – two things they
believed brought them closer

Essay on The Renaissance
The Renaissance
Due to the work of Byzantine and Islamic scholars, ancient Greek science and scholarship found
their way into the West. Europeans had been separated from their classical cultural heritage for
almost eight centuries. No other world civilization had experienced such a disjunction from its
cultural past. There were many events in history prior to this that led to the unfolding of this classic
revival. Between 1300 and 1500, education had become far more accessible, their was the birth of
humanism, and the invention of the printing press. Many prominent men influenced this time:
Dante, Chaucer, Erasmus, Calvin, and Leonardo. The later Middle Ages were thus a period of growth
and creativity leading into the renaissance....show more content...
Chaucer wrote several highly impressive works, but his masterpiece is unquestionably the
Canterbury Tales, dating from the end of his career. Chaucer's stories are told in sparkling verse
instead of prose, and they are recounted by people of all different classes– from a chivalric knight to
a dedicated university student to a thieving miller. Each character tells a story that is particularly
illustrative of his or her own occupation and outlook on the world. By this device Chaucer is able to
create a highly diverse "human comedy." His range is frank, witty, and lusty as the Italian, he is
sometimes more profound. ~'
Desiderius Erasmus, Dutch humanist and theologian, was known as "the prince of the Christian
humanist." Erasmus was extraordinarily learned and witty. He excelled in irony and created
dazzling verbal effects, and coined puns. Erasmus propagated what he called the "philosophy of
Christ." He published three different categories: clever satire meant to show people the error of
their ways, serious moral treaties meant to offer guidance toward proper Christian behavior, and
scholarly editions of basic Christian texts. The most widely read of Erasmus work, is from the first
category– The Praise of Folly. In which he pilloried scholastic pedantry and dogmatism as well as
the ignorance and superstitious credulity of the masses.
A twenty–six–year–old French Protestant named John Calvin, who had fled to the Swiss city of
Basel to escape

Essay on The Renaissance
During the 1400s and 1500s in mainly Italy there was a major change that took place in all aspects
of life. This was called the Renaissance and was a movement that helped give rebirth to culture and
the arts. This movement went away from the medieval times that had forced a feudalist system on
its people. The Medieval times were a dark period in European history that saw a major decline in
arts and government. This declining can be attributed to a number of different reasons. One of which
was the Bubonic Plague that spread throughout Europe and Asia and killed millions of its
inhabitants. This was the final nail in the medieval coffin. Throughout these times the major focus
for government and the arts were all religion oriented. The Black...show more content...
Many of these advancements came in the form of the arts and theology as well as politics. The
arts went retro so to speak and focused more on the humanity of its subject rather than a rough
interpretation of what the artist saw. The subject of the art was given a sense of personality and
realism. This had not been seen since Greek and Roman art so it was heavily inspired by these
societies. Arts became vivid and celebrated and beautiful works of art started to arise and amazing
artist such as Michelangelo and DiVinci. In medieval time's arts was primarily for cathedrals and
other religious needs and the worked seemed to lack spirit but when the Renaissance began art
became an expression of the world around it. Just looking at this art you can see the vivid
differences and mood of the artist that created these masterpieces. The ability to think outside the
box heavily influenced these artists and had they been alive in a feudalistic society many of these
works would never have been created. Another vast improvement that the Renaissance saw was in
the form of architecture. This art form went through the peak of its craft during this time and can be
seen by looking at these amazing achievements that we still have today. Much like art, the idea of
architecture went back towards a classical view of interpretation. It was heavily influenced by the
Greeks and Romans and was a huge advancement from building techniques of the

Renaissance Art Essay
Some of the techniques they used in the Renaissance is fresco. It is obtained when pigments are
combined with water and applied to wet plaster. The pigments are absorbed into the wall when it
dries. The benefit of a fresco is durability; since the painting is part of the wall, it does not wear in
the same way that a painting does if pigments are applied topically. A major disadvantage is that
because the artist works with wet plaster, he needs to paint fast before it dries. Also, colors are
usually opaque, and it has a matte appearance. Tempera is when pigments are mixed with egg to
produce a durable paint, it creates Tempera. The types of colors that painters could achieve were
limited, but it was the medium of choice for most artists working in Italy until the late fifteenth
century, when oil paints were adopted. Oil is a slow drying, making it easy to make modify while
it dries. Oil painting allowed artists to create translucent effects because oil could be applied lightly
as a glaze. Oil paints also offered artists the ability to paint with a big variety of colors that they could
with other paint types, which allowed them to sketch the human figure, architecture, and the natural
environment in more and more realistic visual terms.
Characteristics...show more content...
It refers to the rebirth of human beings. They also discovered fine arts, music, religion, literature,
technology, science, spirituality, etc. Sculptors and painters began to improve their skills and made
three–dimensional perspective and others. Martin Luther started the Protestant Reformation in
Germany at this period. In this period, the Renaissance, the Pope Paul 3 created the Council of
Trent. The Church of England and Jesuit Order of Roman Catholic Priests also were discovered in
this period. Sports were very popular at this period too. Shakespeare also wrote many plays during
this period, the

The Renaissance Essay
The Renaissance
Would it not be nice if we could go back in time to experience the Renaissance for ourselves?
Being able to walk down the streets of Florence, Italy and experience this time period that not
only gave rebirth to old values and artistic ways of statement, but also were a period of great
individualism. (make this into a sentence…add a subject and a verb to make it flow). Indeed,
Renaissance was a period of great individualism based on old traditional values.
The Renaissance had its start in Florence Italy and was inspired by the values of ancient Greece and
ancient Rome. During the Renaissance, people from various levels of society began to study
classical literature and art....show more content...
These people were all individuals each of whom made great contributions in their field by
understanding and learning from the past and bringing that into their works.
Leonardo da Vinci is a good example of the perfect personification of the Renaissance belief in man's
power to shape his own destiny and to shape the world as an individual. He was born as the
illegitimate son of a Tuscan village notary and a 16–year–old peasant girl, and was said to have died
in the arms of the King of France. Throughout his life, Leonardo da Vinci accomplished many things
as both a scientist and an artist. One of his greatest works is The Last Supper. It represents the theme
of Jesus sharing a last meal with his disciples telling them that one of them will betray him. The
interesting part here is that da Vinci brings a classical theme to life, but he does it using an
experimental technique that unfortunately was doomed from the beginning and caused the

Renaissance : The Renaissance
(H) For the world to change, people need to change. This is exactly what happened from AD
1400–AD 1600, which we now call the Renaissance. (O)The fall of the Roman Empire lead to the
'Dark Ages' where people began to decline any new changes. Then, in the beginning of the fifteenth
century, people began to change their outlook and look toward the Ancient world of Greece and
Rome with admiration. This lead to a 'rebirth' of greatness, the Renaissance. (T)The Renaissance
brought a brand–new way of thinking, new inventions and art based off of ancient designs, and
major developments in the science, math and technology world.
(M)Gradually, people began to enjoy reading and studying the old Greek and Latin books. This
opened their eyes to a whole new world. They began to slowly add Greek and Roman designs to
everything, from their art to their architecture. Their interests were redirected in a happy and
efficient life on Earth. (E) The fall of the church was a great contributor in forming the spirit of
individualism. (A) Christianity restricted individual expression and wanted unmovable faith from
everyone. (E) Humanism then came into play, where people realized and understood the great
potential of each individual. (A) People began to act and think for themselves and bringing to life
their own personal creativity. (T) This new way of thinking and the bringing back of the classical
world lead to grand new inventions and art that eventually turned the tables.
(M) Art and

The Renaissance and Why Its Important Essay
Q: What was the Renaissance and why was it important?
The Renaissance was a radical and comprehensive change of thinking and lifestyle that took place in
European culture during the 15th and 16th centuries. The Renaissance was the reformation of many
old ideas and the formation of many new, this brought many changes to Europe such as the birth of
vital subjects, such as mathematics, geometry, and algebra. As well as sciences such as chemistry
and astronomy which led to technological advancements. In my essay I will explain how the
flourishing culture helped to inspire new developments in art, clashing views in the Church and
religion and the concept of multiculturalism which helped to inspire teaching and learning?s of a
broader range...show more content...
Fillippo Brunelleschi is famous for such ideas and projects as the Dome in Florence and for the way
he converted forms of classical architecture according to the new spirit of his age. Durer was a
brilliant painter, draftsman, and writer, though his first and probably greatest artistic impact was in
the medium of printmaking. He was most successful when he released his book which he designed,
published and illustrated. It told a mythological tale from the Apocalypse using the most beautifully
crafted wood cut carvings. Leonardo Da Vinci was one of the great masters of the Renaissance, well
known as a painter, sculptor, architect, engineer, mathematician and scientist. His sincere love for
knowledge and research was the basis of both his scientific and artistic endeavours.
The Renaissance saw a dramatic change in many people?s thinking towards religion and the Church.
Individualism and humanism were becoming prominent as citizens started looking towards
themselves for answers, rather than to God or Religious institutions. The spread of freethinking and
rebellion resulted in the Reformation of the Catholic Church, this led Martin Luther to question the
Catholic Church and the use of indulgences. Martin Luther was a priest of the Catholic Church,
however, on a visit to Rome in 1510, Luther was conclusively shocked by how wealthy and
luxuriously the Roman Church lived. He became distressed that the

Renaissance Essay
The Renaissance was an era of change in human thought. It was characterized by a new philosophy,
which included the rise of humanism, individualism, and secularism. Writers and artists began to
focus on the individual man and his potential. The Renaissance movement began in the Italian
city–states, especially Florence, and spread northward toward the rest of Europe. The Renaissance
was the rebirth of new ideas in all aspects of life such as: science, technology, classical art, and
education. A variety of factors led contributed to the beginnings of the Renaissance. One main factor
which led to the start of the Renaissance was the Crusades. The Crusades was a series of wars by
Western European Christians to recapture the Holy Land...show more content...
This reformation changed the corrupt practices of the Catholic Church and formed many other
religious sects in addition to Catholicism.
The Renaissance also had a great effect on literature and education. After Johannes Gutenberg
invented the printing press there was a greater thirst for reading books all over Europe. Because
Gutenberg's press could produce books quickly and with relatively little effort, bookmaking
became much less expensive, allowing more people to buy reading material. In the Middle Ages,
books had been costly and educational books were rare; only the wealthy had been regular
readers and owners of books. However due to the Renaissance, the educated middle classes, could
now afford books and they demanded works in their own languages. Furthermore, readers wanted
a greater variety of books. Therefore, all kinds of books such as almanacs, textbooks, romances,
poetry and especially Bibles were all published at this time. As the demand for books grew, the
book trade began to thrive throughout Europe, and industries related to it, such as papermaking,
increased as well. The result of all of this was a more literate nation and a stronger economy.
The Arts also flourished as well, during the Renaissance as people created new techniques and
discovered new subjects to paint and sculpt. The most obvious changes during Renaissance times are
seen in the paintings and sculptures.

A 12th Century Renaissance Essay
Renaissance is defined as "the activity, spirit, or time of great revival of art, literature, and learning."
Was there a twelfth–century renaissance? This is a question that still beckons an answer, and is
often a topic of debate among modern historians. By definition, one can break it down: Was there a
spirit of revival of a classical theme regarding the subjects mentioned above? Surely there was, and
with author R.N. Swanson's "The Twelfth–century Renaissance" as a guide, we can investigate just
what that revival involved, broken into the subjects of interest. It is often hard to disassociate the
word "renaissance" from the 14th–17th centuries, and names like Leonardo Da Vinci and
Michelangelo often spring to mind. However, we shouldn't...show more content...
A pattern seems to be emerging in time with the twelfth century and ideas still proposed today. This
stems from the 12th century trend of the revival of Roman law. An example of our modern day
legal system can be found from this time: "Growing procedural complexity and
formalityВ…encouraged the emergence of legal specialists, as judges, and as lawyers employable
for their knowledge. Greater emphasis on record keeping, on precedent and rules, also aided the
transition" (Swanson 80). This is indicative of the world of modern law, stemming from the
renaissance of the twelfth century and its revival of Roman traditions.
With law comes politics, and "By 1200, although politics were still primarily about lordship,
ideological and theoretical interpretations and approaches were becoming increasingly influential"
(Swanson 82). The evolution of political thought and the processes of the actual installed
governments of the time mainly stemmed from the new practice of record keeping. Financial
records, administrative records, and law came to the forefront with the change from memory to
written record. This also coincided with the change to a cash economy, perhaps the change that broke
the flood gates on keeping written records in the first place, and revolutionary in its own right.
Greatest of all the governmental changes was the slow shift to monarchism, as "the expansion and
multiplication of administrations allowed the hierarchies of rule to become more formal"

Dbq Essay On The Renaissance
The Renaissance was a period of renewed interest in the Classical World and new understandings.
The term Renaissance means the rebirth of the Classical world, which brought new ideas,
understandings and new ways of doing things, and a progression from the Medieval way of thinking.
The traditions of Ancient Greek and Rome had a dramatic impact on the way people thought in the
Renaissance. This was evident in the areas of art and architecture, Science and the philosophy of
humanism.
During the Renaissance new ideas were gained and the values and features of the Classical World
were brought back through art and architecture. Before the Renaissance began, art and architecture
was done inside the church and was mostly on biblical themes, but this...show more content...
People began to value the church and religion a lot less and started to emphasize on the values of
people and the world. With people enjoying life rather than treating it as a sufferance people started
to explore the Classical World, which had a significant influence on the way people thought about
the world and humans. Giannozzo Manetti says that "the world in indeed created by god, but
humankind has changed and improved it", which is saying that the world was created by god but
without us humans, it wouldn't be the same nor as pleasant (1396–1459). Source B says "people
began to think more about themselves and their place in the world" and that "they became less
interested in thinking about god and the church", which is implying that the new philosophy of
humanism was more about what people could achieve and the world around them rather than
religious beliefs and the church. Humanism was a new way of thinking that was influenced by the
Ancient Rome and Greek civilization.
The Renaissance was a period of renewed interest in the Classical world and new understandings.
The Classical World was recreated through the areas of art and architecture, Science and the
philosophy of humanism. Ancient Greek and Rome was a significant part of the new era, and with
that, came new understandings, ideas and ways of doing things, which changed the way people
thought and a step forward from the medieval way of

The Renaissance
Renaissance is the period of European history that saw a renewed interest in the arts. The
Renaissance began in 14th–century Italy and spread to the rest of Europe in the 16th and 17th
centuries. In this period, the fragmented feudal society of the Middle Ages, with its agricultural
economy and church–dominated intellectual and cultural life, was transformed into a society
increasingly dominated by central political institutions, with an urban, commercial economy and lay
patronage of education, the arts, and music. The term renaissance, meaning literally "rebirth."
Modern scholars have exploded the myth that the Middle Ages were dark and dormant. The thousand
years preceding the Renaissance were filled with...show more content...
Medieval Italian merchants developed commercial and financial techniques, such as bookkeeping
and bills of exchange. The creation of the public debt, a concept unknown in ancient times, allowed
these cities to finance their territorial expansion through military conquest. Their merchants
controlled commerce and finance across Europe. This fluid mercantile society contrasted sharply
with the rural, tradition–bound society of medieval Europe; it was less hierarchical and more
concerned with secular objectives.
The recovery and study of the classics entailed the creation of new disciplines–classical philology
and archaeology, numismatics, and epigraphy–and critically affected the development of older ones.
In art, the decisive break with medieval tradition occurred in Florence about 1420 with the invention
of linear perspective, which made it possible to represent three–dimensional space on a flat surface.
The works of the architect Filippo Brunelleschi and the painter Masaccio are dazzling examples of
the uses of this technique.
Donatello, who is considered the founder of modern sculpture, created the bronze David, the first
life–size nude since antiquity. From the mid–15th century on, classical form was rejoined with
classical subject matter, and mythological motifs derived from literary sources adorned palaces,
walls, furniture, and plates. The

Essay on The Early Renaissance
The Early Renaissance
Today, what is considered to be the modern times began with the Early Renaissance at the start of the
15th century. As time has progressed, things have modified within societies to mold with the new
ways of thinking for that time. Between the years of the 1400's and the 1800's this world has
undergone many changes. Focusing on Europe, the major forces of change were in politics,
economics, and religion. In modern European history political effort were supplied by the state.
Early in the 15th century political warfare was the theme of everyday life. It was not until the
Peace of Lodi in 1454 that a balance of power was established and ended the hundred years war.
Early in the 16th century there is a rise...show more content...
Banking was over run by the Germans. Trade in the East came to an end with the fall of
Constantinople. By the end of the 16th century, economics had shifted from the Mediterranean to the
Atlantic with the Spanish discovery of the New World. With this trade shift the worldwide economy
was in the makings. In the 17th century mercantilism is very prominent. Things such as
state–granted monopolies, regulated exports and imports, tariffs, custom duties, quotas, slavery,
colonial taxes, and plantation system were in full effect. By the 18th century, a supply and demand
economy had produced. Through mercantilism, state regulations lowered the living standards of
workers. The every day lives that were led in modern Europe where primarily surrounded by
religious ideas. In the times of the 15th century, religion in Europe revolved around the religious
beliefs of the Papal Court. Though there were many religious battles over the Church, few doubted
the Church, following its every demand. By the 16th century, many began to challenge that of the
Papal State. People felt that the beliefs and efforts of the Church had traveled way off track, and
was in need of some repair. Martin Luther began the radical attempt to fix what had gone wrong
within the Papal State by posting his Ninety–five Theses upon the door of the Wittenberg University.
The outcome of Luther's efforts supplied Europe with beginnings

Essay On Northern Renaissance
Development of Northern Renaissance
The Renaissance in Northern Europe took place during the fifteenth and sixteenth century. The word
renaissance is a French derivative for "rebirth" as this era brought about some of the greatest
changes in Northern Europe as well as the methodology artist used throughout their work.
Techniques such as engraving sculptures and oil paintings were primitive. In this era, decorative
arts that portrayed everyday life were very influential. This can be seen in many oil pieces where
artists would display the wealth of their subjects by meticulously arranging objects, paying great
attention to detail. Not only did this era change the face of art, but it also came out with inventions
such as the printing press and international trade. Those are just a few examples of why the northern
renaissance was a great turning point in history. The northern renaissance took off after the...show
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It is unknown what the exact meaning of this portrait is, but there are many ideas. What we do
know is this couple is already married and the male depicted in the photo is an Italian merchant.
In looking at the dГ©cor and their clothing, it is known that these two subjects are wealthy. This
can also be concluded due to the oranges on the left side of the portrait near the window as
oranges were expensive in this era. If you focus on the mirror in the back of the room, you can see
that there are visitors. Around the picture frame is the passion of the Christ. Note the attention to
detail in this portrait. Van Eyck used a technique in this oil painting that hadn't been used by
creating such voluminous and rich colors by applying many layers of thin paint to get the colors
you can see in this portrait. This technique is what made the colors glow as beautifully as they do.
There are so many different aspects in this photo that gives it so many layers and meaning, and that
is what renaissance art was

The Renaissance which translates roughly as a rebirth and fresh thinking which lasted from the 14th
through 17th centuries attempted to reapply the ancient intellectual learning of the Greco–Roman
Civilization. The thinkers and artists of this new era differed remarkably from their medieval
counterparts. Broadly speaking, Mediaeval period was a period predominantly dominated by
Christian outlook. Moreover, All of the Civilizations regarded as 'Heirs' of Rome paid significant
tribute to their respective religion. Thus, it can be safely concluded that religion and politics were
interwoven in Medieval period. The Renaissance, however, represented a dramatic transformation
from the Medieval outlook. Secularism humanism and individualism were...show more content...
However, during the Renaissance individual ideas about humanism differed. Writers and
philosophers of the Renaissance time period expressed their opinions about human nature and
human's roles in the universe through their writings. Humanism (the philosophy that people are
rational beings) became quite popular during the Renaissance. The dignity and worth of the
individual was emphasized. Petrarch(1304–1374) is known as the first great humanist. Humanism
gained ground in the Renaissance in part as a revival of classical learning, and such a revival
included new study of classical humanism from the Greek and Roman world. Classical humanism
placed an emphasis on philosophy and codes of ethics, notably embodied in the writings of Plato and
Aristotle and many of their contemporaries. On the other hand, the humanist thinkers broke from
their medieval counterparts in their outlook. However, Unlike humanist who sought a reconciliation
between Christianity and classical philosophy, Pico Della Mirandola sought out the reconciliation of
every human philosophy and every human religion with Christianity Pico argued about the
capability of humanity to encompass the whole of creation. Moreover, he stated that the individual
human being can express the whole of creation and can express the whole of the divine. He was
highly obsessed with tying up the Christian outlook of the medieval period to the secularism of the
Renaissance. He said that people can

Medieval Europe And The Renaissance Essay
1.Renaissance – The Renaissance was a time in which Medieval Europe transformed into more
modern times. Renaissance means rebirth in French. Medieval Europe had been fragmented and
feudal with an agricultural economy, and the church controlled its thought and culture. During the
Renaissance, Europe grew national consciousness and political centralization. An urban economy
based on organized commerce and capitalism and a secular view on life emerged. The Renaissance
showed the birth of humanism, which revives the use of classical writings for learning.
Materialism also emerged during this time, people started to focus more on themselves. And
individualism and skepticism also came about. Banking was a great supporter of the Renaissance,
Italian bankers were bankers of the pope and all trade was going through them. Cities rise in
importance and farms get closed off and are owned privately which moves toward a market
economy. The Renaissance was not an economic boom because the advancements were happening
in different places, at different times and at different rates. Literature was very important during
this time. Literature was starting to be written in the vernacular and the German printing press was
developed. More and more people became patrons of the arts and art became more for the people
than for religion. Science was slowly changing and being slightly more accepted even though it was
still morally wrong to most to believe that earth was not at the center of the world

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