This document discusses David Orr's essay "What is Education For?". It summarizes that Orr argues universities should make environmental sustainability a priority in their curriculum to teach future generations its importance. By choosing a sustainability-focused curriculum, a university demonstrates the responsibility students have to care for the environment. The document also discusses how knowledge and technology have advanced faster than human ability to use them responsibly, as shown by catastrophes like Chernobyl. Overall, Orr believes education should create responsible adults by teaching students not just academic subjects but also their duty to the environment.
1. Summary Of What Is Education For By David Orr
When I was five years old I began school. In Kindergarden we learned basic things like letters,
numbers, and how not to be fully engulfed in flames. For some reason, 2004 was the height of
anti–fire education in Missouri and before I knew how to tie my shoes I knew that if I ever was
ablaze, to cover my face, fall to my knees, and roll back and fourth. This is what my institution
placed serious value upon and because I was a student of that institution I also placed serious value
upon it. The same idea must be applied to a university's teaching of environmental sustainability.
This is discussed in David Orr's "What is Education For?" Through choosing a curriculum a
university chooses what it places value onto, by making the environment a priority it showcases to
the future generations that environmental wellness is an important responsibility for them to take
ownership.
A university's job is create responsible adults. While they educate students on paying bills, owning
a home, and living away from caretakers they must also educate students on the responsibility they
have to the environment. "Whose responsibility was Chernobyl?" (Orr) Orr asks to illustrate how
hard it is to assign blame to environmental issues because they problems are just so large. If
everyone takes blame than everyone will strive fix troubles. "Knowledge of how to do vast and
risky things has far outrun our ability to use that knowledge responsibly." (Orr) One of Einsteins
biggest regrets was the push
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2. Sustainability And Environmental Sustainability
Environmental sustainability in a general sense is defined as the " study of "how natural systems
function, remain diverse, and produce everything necessary for the ecology to remain in balance"
(Mason, 2014). In the business world however, environmental sustainability is defined similarly
however, includes the consideration of the corporate or business. It is an approach in which a
business is able to create long term value for itself while also considering its environmental
responsibilities, effects, and ethical obligations.
For many years, the idea of environmental concern was not on the list of important issues for
businesses. Economic concerns were most important and Milton Friedman's perspective of "the
business of business is business"(CITE) was held strongly. However, since the introduction of ideas
such as environmental protection and the theory of global warming there has been a new "green" or "
sustainability" revolution worldwide. This movement has altered the way people live as well as
conduct and operate businesses including the way companies market themselves, allocate resources,
mitigate risk, and conduct other business related activities . This corporate movement towards a
greener society has both positive impacts on businesses as well as negative impacts on financial
costs, reputation, risks, employee attitude as well as the allocation of time and resources.
Benefits
Cost Savings
One of the major arguments for green businesses is the lower costs.
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3. Environmental Sustainability And Global Warming
Sustainability 'Sustainability' and all its connotations have become the term of the millennium thus
far, although it was an idea introduced in the 1980's. It encompasses many interpretations, and has
taken on a very loaded and preconceived meaning. Many have a vision of green initiatives and
global warming–based issues, but what does it mean to the in today's society? Even when narrowed
to the disciplines of architecture and planning, it is a multifaceted and loaded concept. Kenny and
Meadowcroft discuss a shift in this complex term, stating that
"It is worth emphasizing that the notion of sustainability does not in any way imply only one kind of
social future as the embodiment of 'the' sustainable society. Environmental...show more content...
The interest in sustainability is beginning to call into question some of the established modes of
disciplinary thinking in the social sciences. Environmental economics began the assault by rattling
the bars of its disciplinary cage, but this exercise is gradually being taken forward in other
disciplines."
This point of departure of 'sustainability' shows that it has encompassed much more than the shallow
context of green house gas emissions and alternative energies. Today, it takes on a much more
holistic approach, which also considers social and economic aspects in order to achieve a
'sustainable' society. Balancing environmental, economic, and equitable social dimensions (also
known as the three E's) is discussed by Saha and Paterson, as well as case studies on how
governments have attempted to classify and address these issues. Some of the dimensions studied
included; ecological footprint analysis, energy efficient measures, transportation management, local
employment industries, affordable housing provisions, and administration/governance measures.
Although approaches to these dimensions vary, the underlying message is that these aspects, which
can be generally classified into one of the three E's, should all be studied and considered to find
long–term solutions in development and planning.
With the
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4. Introduction
Environmental sustainability is a major cause for concern in the world today. The entire world has
come to the realization of some of the dangers posed by unsafe environmental practices such as
dumping of effluents into the sea and releasing smoke and dust into the atmosphere. There has been
a renewed interest in handling the environmental concerns by making deliberate and collaborative
efforts to address the situation (Blewitt 17). The coming into force of legal instruments such as the
Basel Convention of 1989 aimed at enhancing compliance with environmental safety concerns.
Despite these deliberate efforts, some states are yet to put in place remedial measures to handle the
matter. The efforts made by the societies aim at making the environment more sustainable. This
article examines the sustainability processes taken to control electronic waste dumping in the
environment (Blewitt 56). In the process, the write–up will discuss some of the mechanisms of
handling the waste and analyzing their suitability, in the ultimate determination of the most
appropriate mechanisms for handling the issue. Sustainability remains the major drive in regulating
the activities of the industrialists and the households that pose a danger to the environment.
E–Waste and its Effect on the Environment
E–waste refers to the waste emanating from the old electronics such as computers, radios, mobile
phones, and laptops. Once the gadgets have outlived their usefulness, people discard
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5. Environment and Sustainable Development
INTRODUCTION
Natural hazards have induced catastrophic losses which are one or more related losses whose
consequences are extremely harsh in their severity, such as bankruptcy, total loss of assets, or loss of
life. The global loose from just three types of natural hazards which are windstorms, floods, and
earthquakes. It consumes huge amounts of limited available capital and significantly reduces
resources for new investment.
In developing countries, the parallel problems of underdevelopment, environmental degradation, and
rapidly expanding population pose severe constrains on the ability to cope with natural hazards. Both
pre–disaster planning and post–disaster recovery periods offer opportunities to strengthen local
organizational capacity to facilitate long term social, economic, and physical development. The
achievement of sustainable development through pre–disaster planning and recovery and the role that
international aid plays in linking natural–hazards reduction to sustainable development are crucial
things to achieve.
NATURAL HAZARD LOSSES
The global losses can be assessed by making use of wide variety of sources from government
compilations, scientific publications, and media accounts. Human deaths usually used to quantify
the loss. Its counts are the most consistently recorded type of hazard loss throughout the world.
Thus, it appears to be the best indicator of loss in comparisons between disasters in developed and
developing countries. Developed
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6. Persuasive Essay On Environmental Sustainability
The current global population of 7.6 billion people is expected to reach 11.2 billion in 2100 (UN
DESA), and as the Earth's population continues to grow exponentially, the topic of environmental
sustainability is being debated with increased urgency. In the past few years, many large–scale
environmental issues have emerged due to human activities: climate change, air and water pollution,
rising sea levels, habitat loss, species extinction, and worsening natural disasters are all becoming
more and more prevalent. But perhaps our most immediate concern should be whether or not we
will be able to continue feeding this ever–increasing population.
While all of us relatively understand how driving cars, leaving the lights on, or using too much water
can affect the environment, there is one massive human activity that is frequently
overlooked–eating. From growing, to processing, to distributing, and finally consuming, our
agricultural system uses an immense portion of our planet's limited resources and emits large
amounts of greenhouse gases that have drastic effects on the environment. Because of this, it is
imperative to understand the environmental impacts of the type of foods that we choose to include
in our diets. While much of today's population is heavily reliant on animal products, it is evident that
a meat–based diet is not environmentally sustainable; on the other hand, a plant–based diet is much
more environmentally friendly in terms of the amount of grain, water, and
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7. Climate Change and Its Impacts Essay
Our world is always changing, so is our climate. Some changes are apparent, others not so much.
Climate change is an important issue of concern in the twenty first century. Climate, if it changes at
all, evolves so slowly that the difference cannot be seen in a human lifetime (Wearth, 2014). Mostly
all scientists predicted that it would take thousands of years for the planet to warm up due to
emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil fuels called greenhouse gases. But in the past 200 years,
things began to change. The rate and the amount of warming that is happening on this planet is
unprecedented. Wearth says, "People did not grasp the prodigious fact that both population and
industrialization were exploding in a pattern of exponential...show more content...
Global warming is a measure of climate change, and is a rise in the average global temperatures."
Climate change is caused by natural factors such as solar variability and human factors such as
greenhouse gases and ozone depletion. Evidence of climate change is growing but we are so
dependent on the use of fossil fuels in our everyday life such that it is only making the issue worse.
The heavy dependence of fossil fuels will continue to increase the carbon dioxide levels in the
atmosphere in a few decades. As the planet warms, there will be consequences. This research paper
will address the issue that climate change is occurring and its impact on temperature, oceans,
ecosystems, fresh water and the human population. As a human being on this planet the issue of
climate change bothers me because the rapid warming in the last few years is mostly due to
human–induced activities and we continue to warm the planet at this instant in time. The planet has
warmed in the last hundred years and it is also predicted that it will warm further in the next hundred
years. Although the increase in temperature may be small but they can lead to large and potentially
dangerous shifts in climate. Everyone's life is connected to climate change. If the climate changes,
the human society has to adapt to it by changing its designs, rules and infrastructure. Many places
have experienced climate change as the
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8. Economic Social Sustainability Essay
Is economic social and environmental sustainability achievable in today's world?
Introduction
The aim of this paper is to try and give an understanding of "sustainability" to the reader and look
into the various ideas surrounding the 3 pillars of a sustainable world. I am going to take you
through the 3 topics in question separately before looking into whether or not sustainability is now
even possible given the destruction we have already caused to the planet. I will also look into the
millennium development goals as set out by the United Nations where in goal 7 they aimed to
"ensure environmental sustainability". Towards the end of this essay I will give critical analysis to
whether or not I believe personally sustainability is...show more content...
Realistically for something to be sustainable it must be able to continue forever. One breakthrough
definition of sustainability came about in 1987 and reads:
"Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs."
(,. (2009). What is sustainable development?. Available: http://www.worldbank.org/depweb/english
/sd.html. Last accessed 2/5/2014.)
For all round complete sustainability you need the three pillars of economic, environmental and
social sustainability all to be in sync and working as a whole sustainable connection. When one fails
we cannot have complete sustainability.
Economic sustainability
Economic sustainability is a term used to identify different approaches that use resources at an
economy's disposal by the best means possible. The concept is to encourage the use of resources in
an efficient and responsible way; it is also the aim that long term benefits will come about through
these implementations.
In most cases economic sustainability is measured in financial terms. The worth of assets and
resources are often portrayed by the use of currency to display the total profit that has been
produced by the resourceful use of those assets. Most people today spend above there means which
they are not living sustainable lives as they cannot continue to spend
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9. Sustainability is a growing concern for many individuals and companies as resources are becoming
increasingly limited, hazardous, and expensive. Over the last few years, more people have been
informed about sustainable options, which have been easier to obtain and contribute to, as well as
wanting to purchase more sustainable options from companies. Since the idea of sustainability is so
broad, everyone can contribute in a way they feel is most beneficial. Whether individuals and
companies are giving back for personal or self–regarding reasons, it is still helping give back to the
environment and provide a more sustainable future.
Since sustainability is such a broad term that it can be hard to define or categorize. According to the
Cambridge Dictionary, a generalized definition for sustainability is "the ability to continue at a
particular level for a period of time." While that is a broad overcast of a definition, there are really
three pillars of sustainability that can be explored and contributed towards: Economic Development,
Social Development, and Environmental Protection. The only pillar that seems to focus on giving
back is Environmental Protection. This pillar encompasses recycling, composting, reducing usage of
energy resources, or just by taking a walk to save on gas for individuals. Companies must do much
more to provide an impact to the protection of the environment.
Individuals, on average, tend to have more sustainable options for personal reasons, instead of
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10. Environmental Science Essay
Environmental Fundamentals
Laura Jackson
Env/100
April 8, 2013
JOHN ENSWORTH
Environmental Fundamentals
Introduction
Environmental science is defined as the study of the environment and the interconnecting systems it
contains, furthermore, the way people interact with their natural surroundings and use natural
resources (wise geek, 2013). Scientist in this field is highly interdisciplinary and extremely diverse,
for example, a scientist might study volcanoes or climate change. This essay will cover the
following; the definition of environmental science, the relationship between science and technology
and how it affects environmental problems; the concept of environmental sustainability and why it
should be studied; how human...show more content...
Environmental Sustainability
Environmental sustainability is the process of making sure current processes of interaction with the
environment are pursued with the idea of keeping the environment as pristine as naturally possible
based on ideal–seeking behavior (Wikipedia, 2010). What makes environmental sustainability so
important is that it demands that society designs activities to meet human needs while indefinitely
preserving the life support systems of the planet (Wikipedia, 2010). Human consumption can only
use the nature's resources at a rate that can be replenished naturally.
Human Values affecting Society
The most devastating environmental change of all is the loss of biodiversity. The rate of species
extinction has remained at one species per million per year, furthermore, the accelerating destruction
of habitats throughout the world leads to projections of the loss of two–thirds of all species on earth
by the end of this century, and millions of years to recover from the Cretaceous period
(mindfully.org, 2013). As individuals, we obtain our food, directly or indirectly from plants, for
example, plant our primary use of medicines. Biodiversity also determines the properties of
communities and ecosystems, which capture energy from the sun. The world is less resilient, more
homogeneous, less interesting, and with fewer opportunities for our descendants and ourselves:
where the process reaches
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11. What Is Sustainability?
I hear the word sustainability almost every day, what does it mean? Is it about people, our
environment, or jobs and money? Sustainability is about all of these things and more. Sustainability
could be defined as an ability or capacity to reduce the foot print, reuse resources of something
without jeopardizing the quality of what you are trying to accomplish. We all have been at food
establishment from fast food, take out to table cloth dining. And many times we scratch our head
and wonder if they know what they are doing, from why is my food taking forever to I do not
need to ask for my water to be refilled three times, and we all say to ourselves, I can run this place
better than this.
Having been in this industry, I wish I could say that...show more content...
Servers could be notified when the food is ready and placed on the shelf for pick up, TGIF for
example in some of their locations they have tablets on each table so this way you can order at
your leisure and will reduce the percentage of errors in ordering. If you think about it that will
take some of the pressure of the restaurant for having people complain when they are waiting for
the server to arrive at the table and take the order. Which Wich restaurants have their menu printed
on a paper bag with all the options that they offer, you complete the order and hand it over to the
person at the register, the beauty about this is that timing starts from the minute you pay for the
order not when you arrive. This way if you can't make up your mind you are not taking the server's
time while they are waiting for
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12. Sustainability Of Sustainability
One of the few things in the 21st century that is increasing as fast as cell phone technology is the
human population and the demand for new biofuel solutions to quell global warming. The human
population is estimated to increase well until 2050 topping out at around 9.6 billion people. The
increase putting further pressure on agriculture to feed the ever growing world, as well as the
dependency on fossil fuels and alternative fuel sources. To many, the solution is to intensify
agriculture through the expansion of agriculture into new lands in order to boost production, and
take some of the production for biofuel use. This may seem like an easy solution but it has a great
toll. As agriculture expands into new ground, the biodiversity in that...show more content...
The solution to this stability issue is through biomass production. Humans have relied on
combustible biomass for heat and energy for as long as the existence of man. In recent years, both
the U.S. and the world have shown greater interest in generating heat and energy from biomass. This
includes direct firing (biomass as the sole fuel), co–firing (biomass burned with coal), cogeneration
(heat from burned biomass captured to produce more energy), and gasification (gas captured from
heated biomass and then burned). The U.S. is one of the global leaders in export of wood pellets
for energy use. In addition, crop residue, grasses, and many kinds of waste materials are
increasingly pelletized by the United States for energy. Biodiversity has declined significantly as the
grasslands of the Prairie Pothole Region have been lost to other uses. This resurgence of bioenergy
interest in the Prairie Pothole Region, and potential to produce energy crops on productive cropland,
combine to offer opportunity to produce both biomass and contribute
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13. Annie Leonard, a sustainability advocate, once said, "There is no such thing as "away". When we
throw anything away it must go somewhere." In other words, the waste that is disposed of within
every household has to go somewhere. Although this quote appears to be insignificant, it showcases
how my mindset on environmental sustainability within my life professionally and personally has
changed after taking this course. The readings and lectures presented by Professor Birkenholtz,
Lucero, McCall, Siva, and Viswanathan have allowed me to have a holistic way of thinking relating
to how my actions affect the wellbeing of the environment. This new way of thinking will allow me
to foster a green transformation towards sustainability by making an impact with my decisions
throughout my career and personal endeavours. In other words, my vision personally and
professionally in regard to sustainability is to make an impact where I can, and bring awareness to
the importance of sustainability. Environmental Sustainability is a complex issue, but the
importance should not be understated.
Before taking this course, sustainability was something that caught my interest. However, I ignored
the idea that an impact could be made on a personal level through my professional and personal
experiences and decisions. Professor Siva's lectures on the exposed me to the validity of the
argument for sustainability. The society today takes water for granted because the idea of water
being present is
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14. Living sustainably isn 't always easy. It seems that every aspect of life can be looked at from a
sustainable perspective, and when trying to reduce your ecological footprint this can be very
overwhelming. Previously, I believed that our values must be redefined to live sustainably,
However, this series of lecture reflections made me realize that instead of changing our values to
live sustainably, we must apply our current values in a sustainable way! Elizabeth Mrema is an
environmental activist who uses her passion of law to help sustain the environment. Sharon Clark is
a principle at the office of the Commissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development
(CESD), and uses her background in political science to examine the government 's impact on the
environment. Finally, graduates of Dalhousie's Sustainability program explain where their degree in
sustainability has taken them. Through the stories of people who have applied sustainability to
things they are passionate about, I have realized that we do not have to change our values to be
sustainable. Sustainable living can be achieved when we combine our passions with sustainability.
Elizabeth Mrema is passionate about law, and has an expertise in environmental law. She explains
how environmental law has developed, and how governments must change the way they protect the
environment. The government 's role in protecting the environment became apparent in the 1930's
when laws were created to preserve flora and fauna
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15. Reflection On Environmental Sustainability
Introduction
This essay will review two significant environmental experiences I have encountered exploring the
influences of these my life and how these have altered my view on what is environmental
sustainability. An examination into these two experiences will follow into reviewing my
perspectives on environmental sustainability and how these two experiences influenced this. To
conclude a discussion on my role as a teacher and how this will impact myself when in the classroom.
Part A
The first experience I had was travelling through an area called Baynton about 100kms north east
of Melbourne early in 2009. It was about 6 weeks after the Black Saturday bushfires devastated
the whole region, driving through was incredibly eerie and unsettling. Everything was black and
charred, in the paddocks there was no grass, no fences, all the trees were burnt trunks, no foliage
at all was present. There were no animals grazing in the paddocks, no wildlife was visible and no
green anywhere. Fire is a natural part of life as my friend told me that day, trees will grow again,
fences can be mended, the animals and wildlife will return. People are what matter, thankfully no
one lost their lives in the region I travelled that day. Seeing the devastation reminded me the power of
nature and how there are still many natural occurrences that mankind cannot control or master.
Speaking with residents (personal communication, March, 2009), similar and consistent observations
were made that bushfire
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16. Environmental Sustainability United States
Olawunmi Ibraheem
Cosc 110
Environmental Sustainability in the United State
Professor Timothy Oladunni
4/27/17
Environmental sustainability is the rates of renewable resource harvest, pollution creation, and
non–renewable resource depletion that can be continued indefinitely. If they cannot be continued
indefinitely then they are not sustainable (Daly 1990). It is a state in which the demands on the
environment can be met without reducing its capacity to allow all people to live well, now and in
the future. The question here is whether the United States is environmentally sustained, my answer
would be yes, to the best of their ability. In order to do this, they are environmental sustainability
laws in the United States which include...show more content...
The goal of environmental sustainability is to conserve natural resources and to develop alternate
sources of power while reducing pollution and harm to the environment (Rinkesh 2009). Their
mission is to promote sustainable engineered systems that supports human well–being and that are
also compatible with sustaining natural environmental systems in other words, environmental
sustainability in the United States ensures that incorporating preservation areas and contributing to
the overall preservation of a different wetland area that the damage is balanced out. It argues that the
local economic benefits will lead to more funding to create environmental protection areas elsewhere.
Why is environmental sustainability important in the United States? Environmental sustainability in
the United States is extremely important because it sets a balance between the needs of a growing
and changing population and the ability of natural resources to support growth. Environmental
sustainable helps support smart growth, retain residents in our county and preserve opportunities for
future generations. Environmental sustainability is important because humans tend to be bad at
systems thinking. Environmental sustainability professionals are employed to help balance, or
improve, the human role in environmental
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17. Sustainability is a topic that has become very important in recent years. Sustainability is defined as,
"the ability to continue a defined behavior indefinitely." ("Finding and Resolving the Root Causes of
the Sustainability Problem", 2014)
There are three pillars that make up overall sustainability: social, economic, and environmental
sustainability. Social sustainability focuses on all human needs being met and a society functioning
properly indefinitely. Economic sustainability is achieving a certain level of economic success
indefinitely. It also involves having an extremely low percent of people living below the poverty
line, which relates to social sustainability. Environmental sustainability is described as, "the rates of
renewable resource harvest, pollution creation, and non–renewable resource depletion that can be
continued indefinitely." ("Finding and Resolving the Root Causes of the Sustainability Problem",
2014) Achieving environmental sustainability will positively affect the social and economic aspects.
These three categories are directly related to each other, and to truly reach complete sustainability
each of the group's needs must be met. There are many ways for individuals, groups, companies, and
societies to help make a difference in reaching this goal. Environmental issues are currently very
prominent in the US and other countries. There are countless activists and researchers doing
everything they can to make a difference. Most businesses, like
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18. Essay on Sustainability
As it is commonly stated, an environmentally active student from the University of
Connecticut–Stamford comments, "The first step toward solving a problem is admitting there is
one" (Lanslots). In the area of environmental awareness, the solution must be executed on both an
individual and a corporate level. Aldo Leopold states, "A conservationist is one who is humbly
aware that with each stroke he is writing his signature on the face of the land" (73). Similarly we
must realize that every action we take has an intended or unintended consequence upon our earth.
Each step towards the conservation effort adds a signature to the plea to save our earth. As an up
and coming chemistry scholar, it is important to raise awareness of the state of...show more content...
Smog is one of the most basic of the components harming our air. Not only are these pollutants
harming plants and animals, but they are also affecting human health. Pollutants are not the only
aspect of these threats that affect our health. While some people might question the reality of global
warming, it is an issue that can be avoided altogether by simple programs to limit production of
chemicals known to cause this warming process. Global warming due to carbon emissions over the
past one hundred years has caused the melting of permafrost in the Arctic. If this material is released
into our atmosphere, this will tip the methane balance overboard and flood our cities with extensive
amounts of carbon dioxide and methane (Jubb). If this warming is not stopped, toxic gases will be
released and limit the lifespan of humanity. In addressing this issue of depleting resources,
diminishing climate, and polluted environment, we must first look at the micro level of the
problem. This involves researching individual practices that can be performed in our daily lives
and in effect, lowering our own carbon footprint. Many have heard that it is wise to recycle and
that solar energy is becoming one of the most efficient ways to heat a home but what are some other
ways to fix our deficiencies? India is one of the top nations producing carbon emissions from their
households. According to Sristav, it is
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19. Environmental scarcities theory – a critical review
Introduction The problem of environmental degradation stands among the most grievous issues of
the civilized world today like global poverty and international terrorism. Climate change, water
shortage, deforestation – even though mentioned in its many different forms the effect that humanity
has had and is having over nature is a cause for global concern now more than ever before.
Consequently, the topic of environmentally induced conflicts has been subject to heated debates
when observed through the prism of international security. Literature on this matter tends to focus on
one particular theory deemed to be most influential – the environmental scarcities theory. This
approach states that the widespread depletion and degradation of water resources and soil quality,
combined with the overpopulation of certain areas of the Earth will eventually become strong enough
factors to push numerous states over the brink of war. This essay is going to centralize around this
theory in an attempt to answer questions such as: "Is environmental degradation likely to lead to
violence?" or "How might environmental scarcity lead to warfare?". In order to fully expand on the
subject at hand the written discourse is going to analyse two opposing viewpoints, one supporting
the abovementioned theory and the other discarding it as a source of knowledge, which does not
provide enough evidence in order to be credible. By critically observing
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20. Environmental sustainability has been receiving immense academic and industry attention in recent
years. Increasing carbon emissions and the associated global warming have been raising numerous
questions on the efforts required to make businesses more sustainable environmentally. In a
globalized world, where manufacturing is increasingly getting concentrated, transportation of
products over long distances is a reality. Increasing consumption, richer lifestyles and supply chain
issues such as higher levels of logistics and transportation coordination have led to higher carbon
emissions thereby raising important questions on environmental sustainability. On a parallel basis,
customers are becoming more environmentally conscious and are...show more content...
Also, from a packaging point of view, the possibility of repeated use of the same packaging
materials (such as pallets) in a closed loop should be investigated. One such example is the use of
recycled materials for packaging. A focus on reducing energy has a key influence on structuring key
aspects of reverse logistics design. Return centers should be close to customer sites in order to limit
transportation times and costs. The size of these centers should be commensurate with return rates.
Another example is the use of third party providers for dealing with returns, setting up recycling and
disposal depots. In general, collaborations with supply chain partners in recycling and
remanufacturing strategies requires the alignment of the firms overall sustainability strategies with
its reverse logistics strategy. Also, a focus on educating employees as a key part of sustainability
strategy has a key influence on staffing the reverse supply chains. Employees with knowledge of
local trends are a great asset that can eventually lead to successful reverse logistics efforts. Taken
together, these suggested patterns lead to the hypothesis that a firmЧіs sustainability strategy is
positively associated with reverse logistics strategies.
The flow of commercial returns, products returned by customers for any reason within 90 days of
sale, is a significant concern for many manufacturers. The total value of these returns is estimated at
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21. Introduction
Green Growth (GG) melds needed environmental sustainability and economic growth through
natural harmony. This report examines GG compared to traditional growth, measurement strategies,
capital and engineering requirements, tools for economic analysis, and critique of monetizing natural
capital.
Green Growth Definitions
Traditional economics assumes free natural resources except extraction and processing costs,
overusing them without regard for natural capital [1]. Conventional growth reflects this, promoting
economic growth excluding environmental considerations without accounting for planetary impacts
[3].GG instead promotes economic growth while managing environmental resources responsibly
[4][5]. It acknowledges "water, land, air, ecosystems and [their] services" have value, accounting for
them in economic and environmental costs relating to natural and financial capital that conventional
growth ignores [60][6]. A GG example is green energy installations like solar panels [62]. Analyses
shows oil–based energy seems cheap looking at extraction, delivery, and processing costs, but GG
analysis including natural capital shows deficits [7]. Consequently, countries like Germany have
adopted green energy [62].
Sustainable development promotes similar principles to GG, but differs in scope. It allows humans
to meet present and future needs by balancing the pillars of sustainable development; economy,
society, and the environment [8]. GG promotes economic
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