Soil

2. Soil and Soil
Diversity
Prepared and Reported by:
Leah R. Burbos
MASEd with Specialization
in General Science

3. Photo retrieved from
http://www.contractlaboratory.com/labclass/environmental.cfm

4. Description of
Soil

5. DESCRIPTION OF SOILS
- are found on the
surface of the
Earth.
Photo retrieved from
http://www.apipnm.org/swlwpnr/reports/y_ta/z_ph/phmp231.htm

6. DESCRIPTION OF SOILS
- are mixtures of mineral particles, organic
matter, air, water and living organisms.

7. Photo retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil

9. DESCRIPTION OF SOILS
- it is the foundation of terrestrial ecosystem.
Man tilling land with a carabao by Geraldine Jane
Photo retrieved from: http://geraldinejane.deviantart.com/art/Man-tilling-land-with-a-
carabao-425195502 (2014)

10. SOIL OF THE PHILIPPINES
As an archipelago of more than 7,100 islands, the
Philippines is blessed with a natural diversity of soil
resources. The task of configuring these soil resources,
classifying the soils on the basis of its natural history,
assessing it's agricultural potential in terms of suitability
to economically important crops, and productivity for
sustainable production-falls on the Bureau of Soils and
Water Management.

11. BUREAU OF SOILS AND
WATER MANAGEMENT
The Philippines' Bureau of Soils and Water Management
(BSWM), is an agency of the Philippine government under
the Department of Agriculture responsible for advising and
rendering assistance on matters relative to the utilization of soils
and water as vital agricultural resources.

12. Soil Formation

13. FIVE FACTORS OF SOIL
FORMATION
Photo retrieved from http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/10u.html

14. Tab, H. (October 15, 2013) . Factor of Soil Formation . Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y1B1FtHL10k

15. Soil
Characteristics

16. SOIL HORIZONTAL LAYERS
Photo retrieved from http://www.enchantedlearning.com/geology/soil/

17. O Horizon - The top, organic layer of
soil.
A Horizon - The topsoil; Seeds
germinate and plant roots grow in this
dark-colored layer.
E Horizon - This eluviation (leaching)
layer is light in color.
B Horizon - The subsoil. It contains
clay and mineral deposits (like iron,
aluminum, and oxides) that it receives
from layers above it when mineralized
water drips from the soil above.
C Horizon - Also called regolith: It
consists of slightly broken-up bedrock.
R Horizon - The unweathered rock
(bedrock) layer

18. SOIL TEXTURE
Photo retrieved from http://www.enchantedlearning.com/geology/soil/

19. SOIL COLOR
Dark color
– high percentage of organic matter
Red
– Good drainage
Yellow
– well drained and low in iron
Whitish –gray
– low minerals.
Photo retrieved from http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/mauisoil/a_profile.aspx

20. SOIL ORDERS
The Twelve Major Soil Orders (Soils , 2007)
1.Entisols 7. Alfisol
2. Vertisols 8. Ultisol
3. Inceptisols 9. Oxisol
4. Aridisol 10. Histosol
5. Mollisol 11. Andisol
6. Spodosol 12. Gelisol
Soils. (2007). In The New Book of Knowledge. (Vol. 17 pp. 234 – 238).
Chicago: Scholastics Library Publishing.
Photo retrieved from https://dl.sciencesocieties.org/publications/books/abstracts/acsesspublicati/knowsoilknowlif

21. Philippines Soil Regions Order
Photo retrieved from http://passel.unl.edu/Image/mmamo3/TimKettler/Orders-FarEast-800x600.gif

22. Moog, F.A. ( 2006). Philippines. Retrieved from
Soil Map of the
Philippines
`

23. PHILIPPINES MAJOR SOIL TYPE
Based on interpretation of the Soil Map of
the Philippines (Mariano and Valmidiano (1972),
as cited by Badayos (1994)), the country's soils
may be grouped into six soil orders, namely:
Ultisols, Alfisols, Inceptisols, Vertisols, Entisols
and Oxisols.
Except for the Aridisols and Spodosols, the
other soil orders, Histosols and Mollisols, are also
observed but to a limited extent (Moog ,2006).

24. PHILIPPINES MAJOR SOIL TYPE
SOIL TYPESOIL TYPE LAND AREA COVEREDLAND AREA COVERED
Ultisols 41.5 %41.5 %
Inceptisols 13. 7 %13. 7 %
Alfisols 9.9 %9.9 %
Vertisols 3.6 %3.6 %
Entisols 2.5 %2.5 %
Oxisols 0. 3 %0. 3 %
Unsurveyed Mountains 28. 6 %28. 6 %
Moog, F.A. ( 2006). Philippines. Retrieved from
http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/counprof/Philippines/phfig4.htm

25. PHILIPPINES MAJOR SOIL TYPE
Source: BSWM
Retrieved from http://www.bswm.da.gov.ph/PhilippinesSoils/SoilOrders
SOIL TYPE LOCATION POSITION LAND USE
Ultisols Rizal, Laguna,
Zambales, Cavite,
Bulacan, Misamis
Oriental,
Zamboanga,
Davao, Mindoro
Oriental
elevated
terraces,
piedmont hills
and mountains
pineapple,
cassava,
sugarcane,
banana and
forest tree
species
Inceptisol Samar, Agusan,
Iloilo,
Pangasinan,
Zambales,
Mindoro,
Palawan
level to nearly
level alluvial
plain, terraces,
fans, hilly and
nearly
mountainous
paddy rice,
diversified crops,
fruit trees

26. PHILIPPINES MAJOR SOIL TYPE
Source: BSWM
Retrieved from http://www.bswm.da.gov.ph/PhilippinesSoils/SoilOrders
SOIL TYPE LOCATION POSITION LAND USE
Alfisol Ilocos Sur, Ilocos
Norte, Occidental
Mindoro,
Batanes, Quezon,
Cagayan
old river, levees,
plateaus, hilly
areas
fruit trees,
banana
Vertisol Bulacan, Cavite,
Bataan, Cagayan,
Zambales, Nueva
Ecija, La Union,
Tarlac
alluvial plains,
and alluvial
terraces
rice, some
vegetables

27. PHILIPPINES MAJOR SOIL TYPE
Source: BSWM
Retrieved from http://www.bswm.da.gov.ph/PhilippinesSoils/SoilOrders
SOIL TYPE LOCATION POSITION LAND USE
Entisol Surigao, Leyte,
Zambales, Bicol,
Ilocos Sur, Ilocos
Norte, Palawan,
Pangasinan,
Samar, Iloilo,
Agusan
floodplain, rough
broken land, and
along coastal area
diversified crops in
the alluvial plain,
fruit trees, paddy
rice, coconuts under
pasture on the hilly
to mountainous
landscape
Oxisol Rizal, Northern
Quezon, Palawan
undulating, rolling
hilly to
mountainous and
other stable
landscape
generally under
cogon, talahib,
second growth
blushes and shrubs
and tree type species

28. NUTRIENTS IN SOIL
MICRONUTRIENTSMICRONUTRIENTS
Boron
Chlorine
Iron
Manganese
Zinc
MACRONUTRIENTSMACRONUTRIENTS
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Potassium
Calcium
Magnesium & Sulfur

29. DEVELOPING & MAINTAINING SOIL
PRODUCTIVITY
Photos retrieved from https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=CROPPING+SYSTEM

30. With a good management, peopleWith a good management, people
can save and even improve thecan save and even improve the
fertile topsoil on which our lifefertile topsoil on which our life
depends (Robinson, 2007).depends (Robinson, 2007).
Robinson, C. (2007). Soils. The New Book of Knowledge. (Vol.17 p. 234 –
238). Connecticut : Scholastic Library Publishing , Inc.

31. THE END
Thank you for listening!!!