Addressing Infrastructure Dependencies in Hazard Mitigation Plans

NADO & DDAA Conference
March 15, 2022
C I S A | C Y B E R S E C U R I T Y A N D I N F R A S T R U C T U R E S E C U R I T Y A G E N C Y
ADDRESSING INFRASTRUCTURE
DEPENDENCIES IN HAZARD MITIGATION
PLANS
2022 NADO AND DDAA WASHINGTON CONFERENCE
March 15, 2022
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March 15, 2022
 Who is CISA and how does it approach infrastructure security & resilience?
 Key concepts, regional assessment of dependencies, and partnership approach
 What is the Infrastructure Resilience Planning Framework (IRPF) and how did NADO
support its development?
 IRPF guidance & resources
 How was the IRPF piloted with the Kentucky Green River Area Development District?
 Application to hazard mitigation planning
 Infrastructure project development and incorporation into other regional plans
 Scenario Exercise
 How can IRPF and CISA critical infrastructure information be accessed?
Overview
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March 15, 2022
Critical Infrastructure: Systems and assets, whether
physical or virtual, so vital that their incapacity or
destruction may have a debilitating impact on the
security, economy, public health or safety, environment, or
any combination of these matters, across any Federal,
State, regional, territorial, or local jurisdiction.
 National Infrastructure Protection Plan & Partnership
 16 Sectors: Critical Infrastructure Partnership Advisory
Council of government and private sector members
Source: National Infrastructure Protection Plan 2013
Critical Infrastructure
5
Courtesy of DHS

March 15, 2022
Infrastructure Resilience Concepts
6
The ability to prepare for and adapt to changing conditions and to withstand
and recover rapidly from disruptions. Resilience includes the ability to
withstand and recover from deliberate attacks, accidents, or naturally
occurring threats or incidents.
(Presidential Policy Directive 21)
 Resilience is a property of systems rather than assets.
 Infrastructure systems are interdependent and enable community functions.
 Resilience goal is to maintain or restore function or services after a disruption
without detrimental impacts.
Attacks Accidents
Natural
Incidents
Changing
Technology
Socio-economic
Dynamics

March 15, 2022
Infrastructure Resilience Concepts
7
Critical
Infrastructure
Sectors
Community
Lifeline
Functions
F
E
M
A
Infrastructure systems support essential functions

March 15, 2022
 Includes comprehensive, step-by-step planning guidance,
templates, and other resources to inform long-term
planning and investment decisions
 Five steps from stakeholder engagement to risk
assessment and implementation
 Can incorporate methods from Regional Resiliency
Assessment Program projects and outcomes from other
plans/initiatives
 Can be used in other local and regional planning efforts
such as FEMA mitigation planning and recovery and
regional economic development plans
Infrastructure Resilience Planning Framework
8
Courtesy of DHS

March 15, 2022
 Decisions throughout the lifecycle of infrastructure
affect the resilience of provided services
 SLTTGs are a critical part of the infrastructure
systems network but most lack planning and
development capacity
 Systems interdependent - Need to plan for critical
infrastructure systems across jurisdictions and with
private sector
 Need to include risks and vulnerabilities that stem
from dependencies and consequences of disruptions
Why the IRPF
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March 15, 2022
Why the IRPF
10
Courtesy of DHS
Courtesy of DHS
Lifecycle Dependencies

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IRPF Tools and Resources
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LAY THE
FOUNDATION
CRITICAL
INFRASTRUCTURE
IDENTIFICATION
RISK
ASSESSMENT
COMMUNITY
INFRASTRUCTURE
RESILIENCE PLAN
DEVELOPMENT
COMMUNITY
INFRASTRUCTURE
RESILIENCE PLAN
IMPLEMENTATION &
MAINTENANCE
Flexible Step-by-Step Guidance
Lay the
Foundation
• Scope the effort
• Form collaborative
planning group
• Establish
resilience goals
• Collect & review
information
Identify Critical
Infrastructure
• Identify physical
and cyber
infrastructure
• Prioritize
infrastructure
• Identify
dependencies
among
infrastructure
systems
Assess Risk
• Identify threats
and hazards to
infrastructure
• Assess
vulnerability of
infrastructure
• Assess
consequences to
infrastructure
systems
• Prioritize risk to
infrastructure
systems
Develop Actions
• Validate resilience
goals
• Identify potential
resilience solutions to
mitigate risks
• Assess existing
resources and
capabilities to
implement solutions
• Select resilience
solutions for
implementation
• Develop
implementation
strategy
Implement &
Evaluate
• Implement
resilience
solutions via
existing plans
• Monitor and
evaluate
effectiveness
• Update plans to
incorporate
lessons learned,
new best
practices, etc.

March 15, 2022
Participant identified planning needs:
 Better understanding of hazard impacts to support funding requests
 Guidance for how to involve appropriate stakeholders
 Improved coordination between public and private entities
 Integration and simplification of existing planning processes
 Visualization tools for elected officials
 Recognition by federal programs of regional organizations’ role in hazard
mitigation and recovery
NADO Conversation Café 2019
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Infrastructure systems have diverse
ownership and operational structures
 Public utility
 Privately owned
 Independently operated
 Government regulated
Examples
• Municipal water systems that are federally regulated
• Electric cooperatives
• Private internet and cellular communications
providers
Lay the Foundation
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Energy
 Electricity
 Fuel: oil, natural gas
Communications
 Voice, video, data services
 Broadcasting
 Cable
 Satellite
 Wireless
 Wireline
Identify Critical Infrastructure
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Water
 Drinking Water
 Wastewater
Transportation
 Air
 Maritime
 Surface: motor, rail, mass
transit
Fundamental Critical Infrastructure Systems

March 15, 2022
Assess Risk, Vulnerability & Consequences
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Evacuations
Food/Potable Water
Shelter
Durable Goods
Water Infrastructure
Agriculture
 Operating status of public wastewater systems and private septic systems
 Operating status of wastewater processing facilities
 Operating status of public and private water infrastructure (e.g., water mains)
Essential Elements of Information
What is included?
• Water supply, storage, treatment, distribution,
monitoring
• Wastewater collection, storage, treatment,
discharge, monitoring
What infrastructure services are required?
• Electric power
• Internet-based content, information, and
communications services
• Wired/wireless communications
• Roads
• Chemical manufacturing/storage/transport
For what purposes?
• Electricity generation
• Equipment cooling
• Sanitation
• Healthcare
Community Lifeline Components

March 15, 2022
 “Through BRIC, FEMA will invest in a wide
variety of mitigation activities, including large,
innovative, community-wide public
infrastructure projects….
 FEMA will continue to explore creative
approaches to conducting project competitions
that support large-scale and innovative
resilient infrastructure projects that
demonstrate a measurable impact on reducing
disaster costs and building resilience.”
(BRIC Policy Update August 27, 2019)
Develop Actions
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Expand the range of actions and
actors for reducing risk and
enhancing the resilience of
critical infrastructure systems

March 15, 2022
 Regional look across jurisdictions
 Involve multiple planning committees
 Engage upstream and downstream
stakeholders
 Perform dependency risk analysis
 Identify multiple funding sources
Implement and Evaluate
Risk Reduction/Resiliency
Effectiveness
“realize ancillary benefits”
Population Impacted
“community-wide benefits”
Leveraging Partners
“partnerships that enhance outcomes”
“multi- jurisdictional projects”
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APPLYING THE IRPF TO HAZARD
MITIGATION PLANNING WITH A REGIONAL
DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION*
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GRADD
Planning Pilot Partners
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Courtesy of Kentucky Association of Economic Development
CISA-ISD
CISA Region IV
FEMA Region IV
KYEM
(Division of Emergency Management
& University of Kentucky)
GREEN RIVER AREA
DEVELOPMENT DISTRICT

March 15, 2022
State & Local Objectives
 Reduce cost and consequences of disasters to impacted communities
 Build an accessible set of tools that can be applied by area development districts
to incorporate critical infrastructure resilience into hazard mitigation planning
 Use critical infrastructure dependency analyses to inform investment priorities
CISA-ISD Objectives
 Inform the revision and development of IRPF guidance, tools, and resources
 Build an example for IRPF application that can be disseminated through states,
federal agencies, CISA Regions, and associations
Kentucky Infrastructure Planning Pilot
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March 15, 2022
Application to Hazard Mitigation Planning
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•Guidance/Checklist to identify
critical infrastructure owners and
operators who should be involved
at each phase and how (meetings,
interviews, work groups, etc.)
•Guidance for articulating private
sector and owner/operator value of
participating
•Stakeholder invitation letter
•Critical infrastructure identification
question sets and worksheets
•Prioritization facilitation guide and
criteria
•Interview guidance, dependency
question sets and spreadsheets
•Risk assessment question sets for
critical infrastructure interviews
•Guidance for facilitating a working
group to develop critical infrastructure
performance objectives
•Inventory of grant and loan
opportunities
•Guidance for incorporating
mitigation measures into
other planning activities
•Guides for workshops with external
owners, operators, and regulators
•Facilitation guides for discussing a range
of mitigation strategies including
administrative or business solutions
Hazard
Mitigation
Planning
Process

March 15, 2022
Sample Tool: Meeting Facilitation Guide
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Images Courtesy of DHS

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 The dependency and co-benefit analysis is a way to help
reprioritize mitigation actions. In the end, it leads to
developing multi-faceted projects that address the total
problem. ~ Kentucky Division of Emergency Management
 The dependency questions that referenced community
functions really “got them thinking” about backup services.
It resulted in development of a project for backup power
for lift stations – a tangible benefit of the facilitated
discussion. ~ Green River Area Development District
 Used the dependency questions to show the importance
of drilling down to the utility level for public works
mitigation. ~ Green River Area Development District
Pilot Participant Feedback
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Community Hazard Mitigation Planning Meeting,
Green River Area Development District

March 15, 2022
Co-developed Resource
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Infrastructure Dependency Impacts
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Critical Dependencies for Nursing Homes
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 Lifeline Infrastructure
 Energy
 Electricity
 Fuel
 Communications
 Water/Wastewater
 Transportation
 Emergency Services
 Critical Products

March 15, 2022
Supply Chains and Critical Goods
27
Courtesy of DHS

March 15, 2022
GRADD supplemental use of the IRPF:
 More in-depth assessment of infrastructure system dependencies
 Enhanced planning with focus on infrastructure service resilience
 Prioritized mitigation projects
 Integration with other regional planning
 Potential use in disaster recovery
Pilot Phase II
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March 15, 2022
Engage Planning Committees
29
 Economic Development Corporation
 Hazard Mitigation Council
 Regional Transportation Committee
 Water Management Council
 Workforce Development Board
 Aging Council
 TRIAD
GRADD MISSION
Courtesy of GRADD
• Afford local governments and
citizens a regional forum to
identify issues and
opportunities;
• Provide leadership in planning
and implementing programs to
improve the quality of life with
the District

March 15, 2022
Inform Economic Development Planning
30
Incorporate outcomes into Comprehensive
Economic Development Strategy (CEDS):
 critical infrastructure systems that enable the
region’s key industry and businesses
 key infrastructure system providers
 strategies to ensure continuity of
infrastructure services
 analysis that shows economic strengths,
weaknesses, and opportunities 30%
Transport
35%
Buildings and
Structures
30%
Electric Cables
Aluminum Smelting
1/3 of U.S. Production
Courtesy of GRADD

March 15, 2022
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Infrastructure Projects • Major Ag Processor
• 120 Years Old
• Soybean Oil
• Biofuels
• 45 million gals/year
• Edible Oils
• Barge/Rail/Truck/Pipeline
• 1400 feet of Riverbank
• Center Street Pump
Station
• Engineer Preliminary
Assessment - $50,000
• Owensboro Grain Company
• City of Owensboro
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March 15, 2022
EXPANDING REGIONAL APPLICATIONS
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March 15, 2022
IRPF Application to Other Plans
Plan Type IRPF Guidance and Resources can inform:
Hazard Mitigation Plan ◄ Infrastructure stakeholder identification
◄ Critical systems and services identification
◄ Planning goals & objectives
◄ Vulnerability and consequence analysis
◄ Project identification toward resilience
◄ Infrastructure investment priorities
◄ Development decisions
◄ Project prioritization
◄ Response and recovery activities/procedures
Comprehensive Economic
Development Strategy (CEDS)
Comprehensive or General Plan
Capital Improvement Plan (CIP)
Specific or Area Development Plan
Emergency Operations or
Emergency Response Plan
Long-term Recovery Plan
33

March 15, 2022
Why Work with Regional Districts
 Infrastructure transcends local boundaries
 Shared infrastructure
dependencies/interdependencies
 Single infrastructure systems at
regional scale
Examples:
• Ports/multimodal transportation systems
• Electrical grid
• Regional water/wastewater systems that
serve more than one locality and are
essential for development or recovery
 Rural and metropolitan regional districts are logical partners for
integrating hazard mitigation into other plans and funding proposals
Courtesy of DHS
34

March 15, 2022
Disaster and Economic Recovery
Evacuations
Food/Potable Water
Shelter
Durable Goods
Water Infrastructure
Agriculture
 Operating status of public wastewater systems and private septic systems
 Operating status of wastewater processing facilities
 Operating status of public and private water infrastructure (e.g., water mains)
Essential Elements of Information
What is included?
• Water supply, storage, treatment, distribution, monitoring
• Wastewater collection, storage, treatment, discharge,
monitoring
What infrastructure services are required?
• Electric power
• Internet-based content, information, and communications
services
• Wired/wireless communications
• Roads
• Chemical manufacturing/storage/transport
For what purposes?
• Electricity generation
• Equipment cooling
• Sanitation
• Healthcare
Community Lifeline Components
35

March 15, 2022
Planning
Process
Risk
Assessment
Mitigation
Strategy
Plan
Maintenance
HMP & CEDS Integration
36
Summary
Background
SWOT
Analysis
Strategy
Evaluation
Framework
Lay the
Foundation
Identify
Critical
Infrastructure
Assess
Risk
Develop
Actions
Implement & Evaluate
IRPF
HMP
CEDS
Reference: NADO Research Foundation and University of Louisville Center for Hazard Research and Policy Development. (2015). Building Economic
Resilience in the Kerr-Tar Region: Recommendations for Linking Comprehensive Economic Development Strategies and Hazard Mitigation Plans.

March 15, 2022
Where the IRPF Can Add Value to CEDS
37
Plan Maintenance
Integrate mitigation principles into community
officials’ responsibilities and department roles
Develop targets and metrics for reducing vulnerability of critical
systems/facilities such as access to backup power or comms
Mitigation Strategy
Minimize disruptions and economic losses to
agriculture, manufacturing, and other sectors
Align mitigation and economic development projects supported
by emergency managers and economic development partners
SWOT/Risk Assessment Hazard Vulnerability Score
Identify critical infrastructure
Add critical infrastructure function/service vulnerability to business
clusters and secondary and tertiary consequences
Planning Process/Data
Location of critical infrastructure for economic development, including major transportation routes (highways, rail
lines, airports), water and wastewater facilities, communication networks, and energy distribution systems
Reference: NADO Research Foundation and University of Louisville (2015). Building Economic Resilience in
the Kerr-Tar Region: Recommendations for Linking Comprehensive Economic Development
Strategies and Hazard Mitigation Plans.

March 15, 2022
The IRPF is available for download at www.cisa.gov/idr-program
 Resources/tools are linked within the document
 Supplemental resources available at www.cisa.gov/idr-program
 Infrastructure Dependency Primer
 Drought and Infrastructure: A Planning Guide
Technical support currently in development:
 Email questions to: IDR@cisa.dhs.gov
 CISA Regional Offices (www.cisa.gov/cisa-regions) critical infrastructure information
 Ongoing collaboration with federal agencies, universities, and planning associations to
deliver training and technical assistance
Dissemination Strategy
38

March 15, 2022
CISA Regional Offices and Outreach Staff
39
Courtesy of DHS

March 15, 2022
Delivering IRPF and Other Guides
40
Private Sector
Federal
State, Local, Tribal, Territorial
NGOs, Academia,
NADO
CISA-
ISD

March 15, 2022
SCENARIO EXERCISE
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March 15, 2022
The Scenario
 A severe winter storm (Nor’easter) has struck Northern New England bringing a
combination of snow, ice, and wind across the region. Infrastructure systems
throughout Anytown, NH have been damaged by the ice and high winds, leading to
downed trees, power outages, and other consequences.
 Frigid temperatures are forecast for the next week followed by rapid warming and
melting that is predicted to cause flooding in areas already impacted several times in
the past decade. Impacts to infrastructure systems have disrupted essential services
including:
 Public health and community hospitals/nursing homes
 Small business and important industry operations
 Education and libraries
 You are meeting to consider which infrastructure systems are necessary to business
recovery and enhanced future resilience
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March 15, 2022
Discuss at Tables and Report Out
10-MINUTE TABLE DISCUSSION
Assume a major event such as this storm impacted your region:
 How would a major regional employer likely be impacted by this type of event?
 What impacts were a result of disruptions in infrastructure systems/services that
enable the employer?
 What other critical facilities depend on those same infrastructure systems/services?
What facilities/systems depend on the employer to function or operate?
 Are these critical infrastructure systems within or outside the county or RDO?
 Any new insights from this exercise for economic recovery or CEDs planning?
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CONCLUSION
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March 15, 2022
Summary - IRPF Resources
45
Lay the
Foundation
 Planning
participant
information sheet
 Stakeholder
invitation letter
 Data collection list
 Link to plan
integration
evaluation
guidebook
 Sample goals and
objectives
Identify Critical
Infrastructure
 Infrastructure asset
data matrix
 Dependency
identification
worksheet
 Dependency
discussion guides
 Community
systems
discussion guide
 System
owner/operator
interview guide
 Meeting
facilitation guide
Assess Risk
 Hazard information
resource list
 Summary of risk
assessment
methodologies
Develop Actions
 Sample capability
assessment
worksheet
 Mitigation
alternatives
evaluation guide
 Link to NIST
economic decision
guide software
 Resilient solutions
strategy worksheet
 List of sources for
resilience solution
ideas
Implementation
& Maintenance
 Inventory of
funding
opportunities
(grants & loans)
 General
recommendations
for plan integration

March 15, 2022
THE IRPF – A planning framework that:
 Provides flexible guidance and resources for incorporating infrastructure into
existing planning activities
 Encourages critical infrastructure dependency analysis in planning
 Promotes engagement of all stakeholders (public, private, multi-sector) in planning
 Highlights the role of resilience planning and its relationship to other plans
 Enhances the relevance of existing plans so they lead to more effective investment
Summary
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March 15, 2022
Which types of regional plans might benefit from
integrating infrastructure resilience?
What information or support would NADO members need
to use the IRPF?
Discussion Questions
47

March 15, 2022
48
For more information:
www.cisa.gov
Questions?
Sandra Pinel, PHD, AICP
Senior Planner
Addison Coley
Presidential Management Fellow
Email: IDR@cisa.dhs.gov

Addressing Infrastructure Dependencies in Hazard Mitigation Plans

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