Paul Talalay is my grandfather. He is 92 and he has spent his career as a physician and researcher. Many people know him because of his broccoli research. He discovered the part of broccoli (sulforaphane) that can help prevent cancer and other diseases. He also recently discovered that it might even help children with autism. But most people don’t know this story. I am writing about this part of his history because I think many people would like to know about his life in Berlin and his escape from the Nazis in World War II using a Haitian passport. I love my grandfather and I am glad we spent time together talking about his life as a young boy. The day he escaped from Berlin, he turned 10, which is the same age as I am now. Miriam Talalay 2015

1. Passport to Freedom
My Grandfather Paul Talalay’s Escape from the Nazis in Berlin with a
Haitian Passport
By Miriam J. Talalay

2. Preface
Paul Talalay is my grandfather. He is 92 and he has spent his
career as a physician and researcher.
Many people know him because of his broccoli research. He
discovered the part of broccoli (sulforaphane) that can help
prevent cancer and other diseases. He also recently
discovered that it might even help children with autism.
But most people don’t know this story.
I am writing about this part of his history because I think
many people would like to know about his life in Berlin and
his escape from the Nazis in World War II using a Haitian
passport.
I love my grandfather and I am glad we spent time together
talking about his life as a young boy. The day he escaped
from Berlin, he turned 10, which is the same age as I am now.
Miriam Talalay
2015
4/1/15
Passport
To
Freedom,
Miriam
Talalay
2

3. Paul Talalay was born
on March 31, 1923 in
Berlin, Germany. His
parents were Joseph
and Sophie from
Belarus.
(Image: oil painting of
Paul Talalay
approximately age 4)
Passport
To
Freedom,
Miriam
Talalay
3
4/1/15

4. Paul had three brothers named Naum,
Anselm, and Leo. Paul was the
youngest son and was the only child
born in Berlin.
His parents had left Russia with his
three older brothers in 1920 after the
Russian Revolution in 1917.
(Image – original passport document;
Paul’s photo is in the lower right.)
Passport
To
Freedom,
Miriam
Talalay
4
4/1/15

5. After World War I ended in 1918, Jewish people in Russia
endured very difficult times. In August 1919, Jewish
properties, including synagogues, were seized and many
Jewish communities disappeared. (Source: World Heritage
Encyclopedia website)
Paul's father was offered a position at the university in St.
Petersburg, Russia, but only if he agreed to be baptized in
the Russian Orthodox faith. Joseph decided it was time to
leave Russia and he was able to find work in Riga, Latvia
with a rubber manufacturer.
Passport
To
Freedom,
Miriam
Talalay
5
4/1/15

6. After they moved to Riga, Latvia, Joseph’s
job took them Berlin, Germany.
Passport
To
Freedom,
Miriam
Talalay
6
4/1/15

7. Joseph was an engineer and inventor.
He invented a type of putty used to clean
typewriters (NORTA), and other inventions as
well.
Later in life, he and Anselm would invent a
process and receive a patent for making rubber
latex for mattresses, which is still in use today.
7
4/1/15
Passport
To
Freedom,
Miriam
Talalay

8. At first, Paul and his family lived in a part of Berlin called Treptow.
Joseph and Sophie did not send Paul to school because they feared he would
suffer from antisemitism, which means that people treat Jews poorly. He was
tutored at home.
They moved again, and Paul enrolled in school at the age of 8 in Friedenau,
Berlin.
It was the first time he had ever attended school with other children. He had
always had tutors and had rarely played with children his age.
His first teacher was named Herr Lange and he was very cruel to all of the
children. He asked Paul to recite the German National Anthem and Paul
didn't know it. His teacher hit him and then made him go home and write 'I
am lazy' (ich bin faul) 100 times. Joseph refused to sign the paper because he
did not agree with the teacher.
Passport
To
Freedom,
Miriam
Talalay
8
4/1/15

9. His first teacher was named Herr Lange and he was very cruel to all of the children.
He asked Paul to recite the German National Anthem and Paul didn’t know it. His
teacher hit him and then made him go home and write ‘I am lazy’ (ich bin faul) 100
times. Joseph refused to sign the paper; he did not agree with the teacher.
Passport
To
Freedom,
Miriam
Talalay
9
4/1/15

10. Then, Herr Lange insisted Paul hire a math tutor, even though Paul’s brother
was studying physics at the local university and the whole family was very
good at math.
This tutor was his teacher’s girlfriend! Joseph was forced to pay her to teach
his son. The worst part is that she had a swastika lapel pin which means she
supported the Nazis.
Passport
To
Freedom,
Miriam
Talalay
10
4/1/15

11. His family began to notice swastikas everywhere. Many people started dressing in
the khaki uniforms of the Hitler youth and other Nazi groups.
Joseph had the same feeling he had when he left Russia; Jewish people were in
immediate danger. He had to find a way to obtain travel documents for his family
to leave Germany so they would be safe.
The Talalays had their Latvian passports, but the Latvian consul refused to renew
them.
They had very few options to get the travel documents they needed to leave.
Passport
To
Freedom,
Miriam
Talalay
11
4/1/15

12. In 1929, something extraordinary happened for Paul and his family.
His father learned that his family could purchase passports from some South
and Central American countries if they purchased land. (Author's note: This
land purchase was really just a way to get passports. There is no record of a
land purchase in Haiti for Paul and his family.)
They purchased the Haitian passports for 10,000 Deutsche Marks which is
about $135,493 in US Dollars in 2014. It was very expensive and Paul did not
know where his family got the money for this purchase, but it saved their lives.
(Source: http://www.jdc.org/jdc-field-blog/2010/from-the-archives-haiti.html)
Passport
To
Freedom,
Miriam
Talalay
12
4/1/15

13. Paul and his whole family received their Haitian passports.
These passports were the only way they could travel out of Germany; it was still
very risky.
During this time, a few hundred Jews obtained Haitian passports. Some
moved to Haiti and others just used the passports as travel documents to
escape persecution in Europe. Other Jews purchased passports from other
Latin American countries and were also able to leave Germany.
(Source: http://www.jdc.org/jdc-field-blog/2010/from-the-archives-haiti.html)
Passport
To
Freedom,
Miriam
Talalay
13
4/1/15

14. Passport
To
Freedom,
Miriam
Talalay
14
4/1/15

15. Passport
To
Freedom,
Miriam
Talalay
15
4/1/15

16. Passport
To
Freedom,
Miriam
Talalay
16
4/1/15

17. Passport
To
Freedom,
Miriam
Talalay
17
4/1/15

18. The situation was quickly getting worse in Germany. Adolf Hitler
acquired more power by becoming chancellor of Nazi Germany in
January 1933.
On March 20, SS Chief Heinrich Himmler announced the
establishment of Dachau, the first Nazi concentration camp. The camp
will receive its first inmates, political prisoners, within the next few
days.
(Source: http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/timeline/
ww2time.htm)
Passport
To
Freedom,
Miriam
Talalay
18
4/1/15

19. Although the world outside their apartment was becoming more and more
frightening, Paul was still a child who had homework and chores.
Paul's daily chore was to wash the dinner dishes. He didn't mind doing the
dishes but his brother Leo was supposed to help him dry them. Leo would
spend 30 minutes drying one spoon just to annoy Paul. Paul would snatch
the spoon from Leo's hand and tell him to go do something else, which was
exactly what Leo wanted!
One evening, Paul's father told him to leave the dirty dishes in the sink. Paul
was very surprised because he had never been able to skip his chores before.
That night, Joseph told Paul that they would never see those dishes again.
They were leaving Germany forever.
Passport
To
Freedom,
Miriam
Talalay
19
4/1/15

20. They didn't tell anyone about their plans to leave. They took only the clothing
they were wearing and some books. They didn't want to draw any attention to
themselves by carrying suitcases.
It was illegal to have foreign currency, but they had English pounds anyway.
They stuffed money into the soles of their shoes and sewed some into their
clothing.
On the evening of March 30, 1933, Paul, parents, and his brothers Anselm and
Leo took an 8 pm train from Anhalter train station in Berlin to Brussels,
Belgium.
Passport
To
Freedom,
Miriam
Talalay
20
4/1/15

21. Anhalter
Bahnhoff
,
Train
staCon
-­‐
Berlin
Passport
To
Freedom,
Miriam
Talalay
21
This was the main train station in Berlin. This train station was
destroyed in World War II.
4/1/15

22. The train left Berlin and continued to Belgium; the journey took about nine
hours. All trains always stopped at the country borders so guards could
inspect passports and visas of all of the passengers.
The German guard looked at their Haitian passports. It was a very frightening
moment in their journey. They could see Belgium from the windows of the
train. But the train was still in Germany.
Instead of the guard stating that they did not look as though they were from
Haiti, the guard simply said, "One doesn't see one of these every day."
He let them go through to Belgium.
Passport
To
Freedom,
Miriam
Talalay
22
4/1/15

23. March 31, 1933 was Paul's 10th birthday.
On April 1, 1933, Hitler ordered a boycott of Jewish shops, banks, offices and
department stores.
Joseph had been right about getting out of Germany quickly. Many Jews were
not able to escape, especially after World War II started in 1939 when Hitler
invaded Poland. It became harder and harder to emigrate out of Germany.
The Talalays saw other Jewish people in Brussels who had just left Berlin. Some
had been badly beaten, but were very grateful to be alive and out of Germany.
Paul and his family stayed in Brussels for a short time and then moved to
England.
He attended the Bedford School, an all-boys boarding school, where he learned
to speak English. He was happy to attend a school where he was accepted by
his classmates. But, the world was in turmoil and on the brink of World War II.
23
4/1/15
Passport
To
Freedom,
Miriam
Talalay

24. Joseph and Sophie went to the Haitian Consulate in 1939 to renew their
passports so they could travel to the United States. Once again, they
feared for their family's safety. Would they ever find a safe haven for their
family?
They met a man named Mr. Haines who worked for the Haitian embassy in
London. He said that the Nazis had realized that many Jewish people had
fraudulent passports and had sent a letter prohibiting these passports
from being renewed.
He renewed their passports anyway.
Passport
To
Freedom,
Miriam
Talalay
24
4/1/15

25. On June 29, 1940, Paul, Leo, Josef, and Sophie took the SS Samaria from
Liverpool, England, to New York.
It was a 10-day journey across the Atlantic. Because World War II had started
the previous year, ships traveled in convoys and zigzagged across the ocean to
avoid German mines, U-boats (submarines), and aircraft.
One boat in their convoy was torpedoed during the journey and sank. In fact,
German U-boats torpedoed several ships the days before and after their ship
left Liverpool.
During the entire journey, passengers were ‘blacked out’ on the ship meaning
they couldn’t go out on the deck after dark or light a match in case enemy
patrols would see them.
Passport
To
Freedom,
Miriam
Talalay
25
4/1/15

26. On June 29, 1940, Paul, Leo, Joseph, and Sophie took the SS Samaria from
Liverpool, England, to New York.
It was a 10-day journey across the Atlantic. Because World War II had started the
previous year, ships traveled in convoys and zigzagged across the ocean to avoid
German mines, U-boats (submarines), and aircraft.
Passport
To
Freedom,
Miriam
Talalay
26
This is the original SS Samara Passenger List
4/1/15

27. One boat in their convoy was torpedoed during the journey and sank. In fact,
German U-boats torpedoed several ships the days before and after their ship left
Liverpool.
During the entire journey, passengers were 'blacked out' on the ship meaning they
couldn't go out on the deck after dark or light a match so enemy patrols wouldn't
see them.
They arrived safely in New York. Would this finally be their new home?
Passport
To
Freedom,
Miriam
Talalay
27
4/1/15

28. Paul went to the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology and then to medical school at the
University of Chicago and Yale University.
He still researches broccoli at Johns Hopkins
University.
He took the Queen Mary to England in 1952 to
return to England to study at Cambridge.
Paul met his wife Pamela at Cambridge.
Paul and Pamela had four children. (Author's
note: My dad Antony is their son.)
Passport
To
Freedom,
Miriam
Talalay
28
4/1/15

29. Paul Talalay still researches broccoli (sulforaphane) at Johns Hopkins University.
Passport
To
Freedom,
Miriam
Talalay
29
4/1/15

30. Acknowledgments
Thank you for reading my book.
I want to thank the Haitian Consulates in Berlin and London (especially Mr. Haines) for saving many Jewish lives in
World War II. Without their help, my grandfather would not have escaped from Germany and go on to make amazing
discoveries about broccoli.
Thanks to my grandfather for sharing his story with me. Thanks to my mom and dad for helping me write this book
and find photos, ship manifests, and other images for this book.
xo, Miriam
"Anselm Talalay, 82, Inventor and Official." New York Times [New York] 24 June 1994, sec. US: n. pag. New York
Times. Web. 7 Feb. 2015. <http://www.nytimes.com/1994/06/24/obituaries/anselm-talalay-82-inventor-and-
official.html>.
"From the Archives: Haiti Helped Holocaust Refugees." Joint Distribution Company. Joint Distribution Company, n.d.
Web. 7 Feb. 2015.
<http://www.jdc.org/jdc-field-blog/2010/from-the-archives-haiti.html>.
Talalay, Paul. Interview by Miriam Josephine Talalay. 25 Jan. 2015.
"Wolf pack." Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 15 Feb. 2015. <http://
www.britannica.com/>.
World War Two in Europe. The History Place. History Place, n.d. Web. 7 Feb. 2015. <http://www.historyplace.com/
worldwar2/timeline/ww2time.htm>.
Passport
To
Freedom,
Miriam
Talalay
30
4/1/15

31. Passport
To
Freedom,
Miriam
Talalay
31
4/1/15