Types of reactions

1. TYPES OF CHEMICAL
REACTIONS

2. A B+ A BA
A + B  AB
SYNTHESIS REACTION

3. A B+ A BA
A reaction where two
reactants combine to
make a larger, more
complex product
SYNTHESIS REACTION

4. HCl(g) + NH3(g)  NH4Cl(s)
SYNTHESIS REACTION

5. A B+A BA
AB  A + B
DECOMPOSITION REACTION

6. A reaction where a more
complex molecule breaks
down to form two or more
simpler products
A B+A BA
DECOMPOSITION REACTION

7. 2NH4NO3(s)  4H2O(g) + 2N2(g) + O2(g) + energy
Timothy McVeigh bombing, 1995
Regular building demolition with ammonium
nitrate explosives
DECOMPOSITION REACTION

8. 2KClO3(s) + energy  2KCl(s) + 3O2(g)
DECOMPOSITION REACTION

9. A + BC  AC + B
A + B CB + BA CA
SINGLE DISPLACEMENT REACTION

10. A + B CB + BA CA
A reaction where an element
displaces another element in a
compound, producing a new
compound and a new element
SINGLE DISPLACEMENT REACTION

11. 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l)  2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)
SINGLE DISPLACEMENT REACTION

12. AD + BC  AC + BD
+ B CB +A CAA DA B DB
DOUBLE DISPLACEMENT REACTION

13. + B CB +A CAA DA B DB
A reaction where elements in
different compounds exchange
places, producing two new
compounds
DOUBLE DISPLACEMENT REACTION

14. Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2KI(aq)  PbI2(s) + 2KNO3(aq)
DOUBLE DISPLACEMENT REACTION

15. Corrosive + corrosive  non-corrosive + non-corrosive
Neutralization reaction: Special type of
double displacement reaction
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)  H2O(l) + NaCl(aq)
Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide  water + salt (sodium chloride)
NEUTRALIZATION REACTION

16. Neutralization Reaction Example: Antacids neutralize stomach acid
2HCl(aq) + CaCO3(aq)  CaCl2(aq) + H2CO3(aq)
H2CO3(aq)  H2O(l) + CO2(g)
NEUTRALIZATION REACTION

17. fuel O2+
A reaction of a fuel with oxygen,
producing energy in the form of
heat and/or light
H2O
+ CO2
COMBUSTION REACTION

18. fuel O2+
H2O
+ CO2
COMBUSTION REACTION

19. Element + O2  “oxide” + energy
2Mg(s) + O2(g)  2MgO(s) + energy P4(s) + 5O2(g)  P4O10(g) + energy
COMBUSTION REACTION

20. 1st
Type: COMPLETE COMBUSTION
Hydrocarbon + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + energy
Ex. CH4(g) + 2O2(g)  CO2(g) + 2H2O(g) + energy
When burning a fuel, there are two types of
combustion to consider:
COMBUSTION REACTION

21. 2nd
Type: INCOMPLETE COMBUSTION
Hydrocarbon + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + carbon monoxide + carbon + energy
Ex. C4H10(g) + 5O2(g)  2CO2(g) + 5H2O(g) + CO(g) + C(s) + energy
POISONOUS!!!
BLACK!!!
COMBUSTION REACTION

22. K + Cl2  ?
1) Are the reactants in their pure elemental form (i.e. O2, Mg, Cl2)?
If yes, then this reaction is a SYNTHESIS REACTION
2K + Cl2  2KCl
So there should only be ONE product, and it should contain
both reactants
PREDICTING PRODUCTS FOR A CHEMICAL REACTION

23. H2O  ?
2) Is there only ONE reactant?
If yes, then this reaction is a DECOMPOSITION REACTION
So there should be two products, each being a separate element
(i.e. Na, Ca, O2, I2, Br2) although that is not always the case
2H2O  2H2 + O2
PREDICTING PRODUCTS FOR A CHEMICAL REACTION

24. H2O2  ?
2) Is there only ONE reactant?
If yes, then this reaction is a DECOMPOSITION REACTION
So there should be two products, each being a separate element
(i.e. Na, Ca, O2, I2, Br2) although that is not always the case
2H2O2  2H2O + O2
PREDICTING PRODUCTS FOR A CHEMICAL REACTION

25. Zn + SnCl2  ?
3) If there are 2 reactants, is one of them a pure metal on its own?
If yes, then this reaction is a SINGLE DISPLACEMENT REACTION
So the metal that is on its own must take the place of the other
metal that is in the larger compound
Zn + SnCl2  ZnCl2 + Sn
PREDICTING PRODUCTS FOR A CHEMICAL REACTION

26. NaCl + AgNO3  ?
4) Are both of the reactants compounds?
If yes, then this reaction is a DOUBLE DISPLACEMENT REACTION
So the two metals must switch places with one another, forming
two new compounds
NaCl + AgNO3  NaNO3 + AgCl
PREDICTING PRODUCTS FOR A CHEMICAL REACTION

27. C8H18 + O2  ?
5) Is one of the reactants oxygen gas?
If yes, then this reaction is a COMBUSTION REACTION (as well as a
SYNTHESIS REACTION)
So the products must be an oxide and energy. If one of the
reactants is a hydrocarbon, then CO2 + H2O are the products.
2C8H18 + 25O2  16CO2 + 18H2O + energy
PREDICTING PRODUCTS FOR A CHEMICAL REACTION