1. THE SIX KINGDOMS

2. Prokaryote Virus????? All living things Eukaryote Bacteria Monera Eubacteria Archaebacteria Archaea protista fungi plantae Animalia THE SIX KINGDOMS

3. TYPES OF LIVING THINGS Plant cells Protist cells Bacteria Viruses Autotrophic: Plant cells, some protist cells Heterotrophic: Animal cells, some protist cells, fungal cells, & bacteria Vs. Animal cells Fungal cells

4. Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

5. Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells a) Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus b) Prokaryotes do not have membrane-bound organelles

6. Comparing Fungi and Plant Cells a) Fungal cells do not have chloroplasts (plants do) b) Fungal cells are heterotrophic (plants are autotrophic) c) Fungal cells have rigid cell walls made from chitin (plants have walls made of cellulose)

7. Comparing Fungi and Plant Cells Fungal cells often fuse together, making it hard to locate one discrete cell in the organism

8. Protists There are many different types of protists

10. Viruses Vs. Cells Size: Viruses are much smaller than cells Metabolism: Viruses do not metabolize (no cytoplasm) Organelles: Viruses do not metabolize (no cytoplasm) Genetic material: Viruses contain RNA or DNA enclosed by protein, not a membrane Life cycle: How can something without life have a life cycle?

11. Viruses Viruses are not considered “living” when outside a host cell The general name for a virus in this state is “ virion ” They are not considered living in this state because they are inactive and cannot reproduce

12. Sauerkraut explosion prompts quarantine Last Updated: Saturday, September 11, 2010 | 2:58 PM PT The Canadian Press Twenty-four students and four staff members at a central B.C. high school were briefly quarantined after a can of sauerkraut exploded Friday in a food science class. The fire department, a hazardous materials unit and RCMP were called to Kelly Road Secondary School in Prince George at about 2 p.m. PT. RCMP Const. Lesley Smith said school officials were concerned about a possible botulism outbreak after the contents of a years-old can of pickled cabbage splattered on students. Officials later determined there was no cause for alarm. The students briefly returned to their classes, then were dismissed early.

13. Botulinum toxin  leads to paralysis Clostridium botulinum

14. Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells aerobic Anaerobic (doesn’t require oxygen) Oxygen requirement Sexual Asexual Reproductive strategy Not circular (more than one chromosome) Circular (usually one chromosome) DNA structure Nucleus Nucleoid region Location of genetic information Present Absent Organelles Multicellular (more complex) Unicellular (less complex) Uni-/multicellular Larger (100-1000 μm) Smaller (1-10 μm) Size of cells 1.5 billion years ago 3.5 billion years ago (older type of cell) Evolution of first cells Eu means after Karyon means nucleus Pro means before Karyon means nucleus Meaning of name EUKARYOTE PROKARYOTE

15. Comparing the Six Kingdoms Animalia Plantae Fungi Protista Bacteria Archaea Kingdoms present Absent Absent Present in some Present in some Present in some Motility (absent/ present) Present Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Nervous System (absent/ present) Ingestion Photosynthesis Absorption Absorption, photosynthesis, ingestion Absorption, photosynthesis, chemosynthesis Absorption, photosynthesis, chemosynthesis Nutrition (absorption, photosynthesis, chemosynthesis, ingestion) Absent Present (cellulose) Present (chitin) Present in some Present (peptidoglycan) Present (different from bacterial CW) Cell Wall (absent/ present) Present Present Present Present Absent Absent Mitochondria (absent/ present) Unicellular/ muticellular Unicellular/ muticellular Unicellular/ muticellular Unicellular/ muticellular unicellular unicellular Body Form (unicellular/ multicellular) Eukaryote Prokaryote Classification

16. Comparing the Six Kingdoms Bacteria Archaea Kingdoms Present in some Present in some Motility (absent/ present) Absent Absent Nervous System (absent/ present) Absorption, photosynthesis, chemosynthesis Absorption, photosynthesis, chemosynthesis Nutrition (absorption, photosynthesis, chemosynthesis, ingestion) Present (peptidoglycan) Present (different from bacterial CW) Cell Wall (absent/ present) Absent Absent Mitochondria (absent/ present) unicellular unicellular Body Form (unicellular/ multicellular) Prokaryote Classification

17. Comparing the Six Kingdoms Animalia Plantae Fungi Protista Kingdoms present Absent Absent Present in some Motility (absent/ present) Present Absent Absent Absent Nervous System (absent/ present) Ingestion Photosynthesis Absorption Absorption, photosynthesis, ingestion Nutrition (absorption, photosynthesis, chemosynthesis, ingestion) Absent Present (cellulose) Present (chitin) Present in some Cell Wall (absent/ present) Present Present Present Present Mitochondria (absent/ present) Unicellular/ muticellular Unicellular/ muticellular Unicellular/ muticellular Unicellular/ muticellular Body Form (unicellular/ multicellular) Eukaryote Classification