A talk reemphasizing the importance of participatory culture, shared culture, open practice, and open pedagogy - not simply the process of creating, searching for, and using OER.

1. Open Educational Resources
Past, Present...Future?
Garin Fons
Interna'onal
WEEK
2013
Except where otherwise noted, this work is available
under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

3. ROCKIN’ RUSSIAN

4. the end
the present
the past
the beginning
the end - a shared, participatory culture
the present - OER, OA, OCW, eLearning, etc.
the past - former initiatives, challenges, rumors
the beginning - change in practice, in mentality.

5. the end
ronsho ©
Some rights reserved

6. Why are we here today?
Why are we interested in
Open? What is our
shared interest? Our
intent in promoting
Open? What is Open
Access Week all about
really?
where does this all lead?
Martin Gommel
Some Rights Reserved

7. CC: BY-NC-SA sciencesque http://www.flickr.com/photos/apoptotic/2540055580/
toward a culture of open-ness.

8. toward a
participatory culture
using and reusing
creative materials for
a variety of
purposes.

9. art
DailyPic
Some rights reserved

10. music
Recovering Sick Soul
Some rights reserved

11. education
One Laptop per Child
Some rights reserved

12. It’s a culture of participation, of collaboration, of
sharing, of freedom and access to information and
ideas.
A cultural ideal that we build on the work of those
who come before us.
a shared culture.
that creativity and innovation don’t happen in
vacuums, but in spaces where people can use and
reuse.

13. how we get there is important.
Canned Muffins
Some rights reserved

14. by mandate
Public Domain Image: http://www.flickr.com/photos/statelibraryqueensland/4442673734/

15. by choice
cc: by-nc-sa jairoagua http://www.flickr.com/photos/31065898@N08/8220970905/

16. forming a shared culture
• faculty, students, staff, administrators use,
create, and share openly licensed
educational media.
• institutions support open access journals and
open textbooks.
• developers use and contribute to openly
licensed software initiatives that function on
open source platforms.
• all parties participate in innovative teaching
and learning exercises that uphold open
principles.

17. getting there is a process.
Peter Suber: “There is no
benefit in being closed,
only benefit in being high
quality, peer reviewed.”
Robert Farrow, Open
University UK:
“openness describes its
use, not just what it is”

18. the
present
Public Domain Content: http://www.flickr.com/photos/nationaalarchief/5679580299/

19. What are Open Educational Resources?
“a universal educational
resource available for the
whole of humanity”
(UNESCO, 2002)
Forum on the Impact of Open Courseware
for Higher Education Institutions in
Developing Countries. This group met to
discuss the implications of MIT’s
OpenCourseWare initiative; and in the
report generated from this meeting they
described an Open Education Resource as
“a universal educational resource available
for the whole of humanity.”
CC: BY-SA Opensourceway http://www.flickr.com/photos/opensourceway/6555466069/
bringing resources to
the public for free,
without restriction, and
for the benefit of the
public.

20. What are Open Educational Resources?
“Open Educational
Resources (OER)
are teaching, learning,
and research
resources that reside in
the public domain or
have been released
under a copyright
license that permits
their free use and
repurposing by others.”
- Dr. David Wiley (Lumen Learning)
Photo: License Undetermined http://davidwiley.org/

21. Wide Variety of OER
Teaching & Learning Materials
• Open Textbooks (Digital / Print-on-Demand)
• Open Courseware (Presentations, Recorded Lectures, Lecture Notes, Syllabi)
• Classroom activities, lesson plans, assessments
• Homework and practice exercises
• Online modules and exercises
Authentic content in the L2 (texts, video, audio, images, realia)
Public Domain Content: http://www.flickr.com/photos/osucommons/3529534404/

22. What are Open Educational Resources ?
“...educational materials and resources offered freely
and openly for anyone to use and under some
license to re-mix, improve and redistribute.”
- Hewlett Foundation
• free, as in no fees, does not mean open
• open access does not mean openly licensed

23. Free vs. Open
No cost vs. Freedom to reuse,
revise, remix, redistribute.
Of the vast number of online resources
accessible for free; few are actually Open.
CC: BY-NC CodyHoffman http://www.flickr.com/photos/thepinklemon/3876034684/

24. graphic from: David Wiley - iterating toward openness
Free vs. Open

25. The 4Rs
Reuse
use the content in its unaltered / verbatim form.
Revise
adapt, adjust, modify, improve, or alter (translate).
Remix
combine the original or revised content with
another OER to create something new.
Redistribute
share copies of the original content, your
revisions, or your remixes with others.
CC: BY Ivan Zuber http://www.flickr.com/photos/ivanzuber/2776100984/

26. C
All Rights Reserved

27. Copyright protects your
creativity against uses you
don’t consent to.
CC: BY-NC-SA Great Beyond http://www.flickr.com/photos/tonyjcase/7483795014/

28. Copyright limits the 4Rs
exclusive right to:
•
•
•
•
make copies
distribute, share, sell
perform or display in public
make derivative works (adaptations,
translations, supplemental materials)
• distribute, share, sell, and copy
derivative works
• license others to do those things
Public Domain Content: http://www.flickr.com/photos/nationaalarchief/3915529903/

29. Writings
Art
Music
Movies
All Images Public Domain Content

30. what is the purpose of copyright?
The U.S. National Archives
no known copyright restrictions

31. Purpose of Copyright?
“to promote the Progress
of Science and useful
Arts, by securing for a
limited Time to Authors
and Inventors the
exclusive Right to their
respective Writings and
Discoveries."
- From The U.S. Constitution
Resource available for
the whole of humanity.
remember the earlier
definition by UNESCO?
Public Domain Content: http://www.flickr.com/photos/usnationalarchives/4727525216/

32. Purpose of Copyright?
“to promote the Progress
of Science and useful
Arts, by securing for a
limited Time to Authors
and Inventors the
exclusive Right to their
respective Writings and
Discoveries."
Copyright law is about the balance between the
authors’ need to make money and society’s need for
progress. But for progress to happen, people need to
be able to share knowledge and create works based on
other works.
- From The U.S. Constitution
“seriously? Maybe 150 years before
someone can use this photo?”
Public Domain Content: http://www.flickr.com/photos/usnationalarchives/4727525216/

33. CC
Some Rights Reserved

35. Benefits of Open Licenses

36. Some rights reserved: a spectrum
Public
Domain
All Rights
Reserved
least restrictive
most restrictive
http://creativecommons.org/license/

37. Benefits of Open Licenses
Users allowed to:
• Copy & distribute (don’t have to ask
permission from the copyright holder)
• Legally download and publish
(don’t have to rely just on linking)
• Adapt and customize the material
(in most cases)
CC: BY-NC DoimSioraf http://www.flickr.com/photos/cleanslatephotography/7899423426/

38. Difference between OA and OER
OA: Open Access
OER: Open Educational Resources
• OA focuses on sharing content, but there
is no underlying licensing requirement.
• OER includes any educational content that
is shared under an open license (nix ND).
• OER and OA are friends

39. OA // OER - buddies
OA
free, permanent,
full-text, online
access to
scientific and
scholarly works.
OER
openly licensed
educational content
available online, for
download, use,
reuse, redistribution.

40. Difference between OCW & OER
OCW: Open CourseWare
OER: Open Educational Resources
• OCW focuses on sharing open content
that is developed specifically to instruct a
course (locally taught).
• OER includes any educational content that
is shared under an open license, whether
or not it is a part of a course.
• OCW is a subset of OER

41. OCW // OER - overlap
OER
OCW, single
images, general
campus lectures,
image collections,
singular learning
modules, papers
or articles,
videos, modules,
workbooks, etc.
OCW
syllabi, lecture
notes, presentation
slides, assignments,
lecture videos - all
related to a course.

42. OER and eLearning: a relationship
OER
• may exist in electronic or paper form
• may not contain enough context to be
“instructional”.
• are always licensed for reuse, redistribution,
and re-mixing.
eLearning resources
• exist only in electronic form.
• are generally designed to be instructional.
• may not always be licensed for open use.

43. eLearning // OER - intersection
OER
eLearning
intersection represents openly
licensed, electronic,
educational resources

44. MOOCs

45. What we believe about OER
a creative spark
CC: BY-NC-SA Lotus Carroll http://www.flickr.com/photos/thelotuscarroll/8634893717/

46. an adaptable resource
CC: BY-NC-nd de.laina http://www.flickr.com/photos/delainamonster/2849056106/

47. a driver of innovation
CC: By Robert S. Donovan hhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/booleansplit/4211421316/

48. an investment in a new educational paradigm
CC: BY-NC-nd jessica lucia http://www.flickr.com/photos/theloushe/4812675727/

49. the past
Some rights reserved
gioiadeantoniis

50. Source: http://ocw.mit.edu/

51. source: The New York Times
source: MIT

54. Increase in Involvement
source: OCW Consortium

55. 2008 - 2012: period of adoption
source: OCW Consortium

56. 2008 - 2012: period of innovation

57. “There’s not much Good
Open Content out there.”
there are many myths.
Some rights reserved
Michał Sacharewicz

58. The Numbers
4 million openly licensed videos (lectures,
modules, etc.)
17 million free media files (photos, videos, sounds)
240 million free, sharable photos (with CC license)
42,000 public domain books (65 languages)

59. Language Specific OER

60. there are many challenges.
mjzitek
Some rights reserved

61. Challenges & Difficulties in Search
no single repository
a lack of consistent metadata makes it
difficult to always find resources
various repositories use different APIs
broken links
lack of clear licensing information, difficult to
determine if something is OER or not
Public Domain Content: http://www.flickr.com/photos/nlscotland/3011974213/

62. C
All Rights Reserved

63. outdated teaching methods
uniinnsbruck
Some rights reserved

64. A
vs.
d c2
A1B g
f8 h e 4
B

65. we are part of the
problem.

66. the beginning
I like
Some rights reserved

67. Freedom; not free beer.
PtM 1985
Some rights reserved

68. It’s Good to Share
Create content using tools
that make it easy to share
Share what you create; license it
using Creative Commons
Encourage others to share
Support those who do share
Public Domain Content: http://www.flickr.com/photos/nationaalarchief/4900465601/

71. how we learn,
not what we learn.

72. where to start
let’s get back to the idea of
education being an
organic environment.
our role to cultivate an
environment for growth and
improvement and to
personalize teaching and
learning.
Public Domain Content: http://www.flickr.com/photos/usnationalarchives/4011523181/

73. “...life is not linear; it’s
organic. We create our
lives symbiotically as we
explore our talents in
relation to the
circumstances they help to
create for us.”
- Sir Ken Robinson (TED 2006)
CC: BY-SA Sebastiaan ter Burg http://www.flickr.com/photos/ter-burg/3570012810/

74. “...it’s not about scaling a
new solution; it’s about
creating a movement in
education in which
people develop their own
solutions, but with
external support based
on personalized
curriculum.”
- Sir Ken Robinson (TED 2006)
CC: BY-SA Sebastiaan ter Burg http://www.flickr.com/photos/ter-burg/3570012810/
“When we look at reforming education and transforming it, it isn’t
like cloning a system. It’s about customizing to your circumstances
and personalizing education to the people you’re already teaching.
And doing that...is the answer to the future because it’s not about
scaling a new solution; it’s about creating a movement in education
in which people develop their own solutions, but with external
support based on personalized curriculum.”

76. “We haven’t come close to
tapping the full potential of OER.
We need to help more people
understand that these materials
are not just free, they can also
create communities of teachers
and learners who collaborate on
their continuous improvement,
and that’s the real magic – in the
actual reuse and remix.”
- Cathy Casserly (Creative Commons)
CC BY 3.0 Digital Public Library of America: http://dp.la/info/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/CCasserly_highres.jpg

77. Garin Fons
Center for Open Educational
Resources and Language Learning
garin@austin.utexas.edu
Except where otherwise noted, this work is available
under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.