The presentation describes the Khliafat Movement in india.It plays a very important role in the freedom struggle of India.

1. Khilafat
Movement
1919-1924
Dr.Monica Sharma

2. The Ottoman Empire

3. Mehmed VI
The Ottoman sultan and caliph (1918–20) during the nascence of
the Khilafat movement in India.
He was seen by pan-Islamists as the leader of the world wide
Muslim community.

4. Mehmed VI
1861-1926

5. Causes
● The caliphate was endangered by
● Italian attacks (1911)
● The Balkan Wars (1912–13) and later
● by the empire’s defeat in World War I
● Treaty of Sèvres (August 1920), which dis membered the
empire, not only detaching all non-Turkish regions from the
empire but also giving parts of the Turkish homeland to
Greece and other non-Muslim powers.
● This caused a great concern amongst the Muslims, including
those in British India, about the compromise of the sacrosanct
holy territories of Islam.

6. FIRST WORLD WAR WITH OTTOMAN EMPIRE BEING ON
GERMANY’S SIDE
● During World War I, the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) joined the
war in favour of Germany.
● But Turkey and Germany lost the war and Istanbul Accord was
concluded between the allied forces on 3rd November, 1918.
● According to this Pact the territories of Turkey were to be
divided among France, Greece and Britain

7. ISTANBUL ACCORD :DIVISION OF TURKEY
❖ Turkey
➢ Britain
➢ France
➢ Greece

8. WHY INDIAN MUSLIMS WERE UPSET?
Indian Muslims had a deep-rooted devotion to the caliphate. They had
profound respect for this holy institution.
Therefore, their support to the British Government was subject to
the safeguard and protection of the holy places of Turkey
and that Turkey will not to be deprived of its territories.
But the British Government could not fulfill both of these promises.

9. The Treaty of Sever’s 1920 was imposed on Turkey and its territories
like Samarna, Thrace and Anatolia were wrested from it and
distributed among European countries.
A wave of anger swept across the Muslim World and the Indian
Muslims rose against the British Government

10. OBJECTIVE OF THE MOVEMENT
❖ To protect the holy places of Turkey.
❖ To restore the territories of Turkey.
❖ To restore the Ottoman Empire.

11. LEADERS OF THE KHILAFAT MOVEMENT
● A campaign in defense of the caliphate was launched, led in India
by the Ali brothers, Shaukat and Muḥammad Ali
● Other leaders included Abul Kalam Azad.
● The leaders joined forces with Mahatma Gandhi’s non-
cooperation movement

12. THE THREE MAIN FOUNDATIONS OF THE KHILAFAT MOVEMENT IN
INDIA
Shaukat Ali
1873-1938
Mohammad Ali Jauhar
1878-1931
Abdul Kalam Azad
1888-1958

13. KHILAFAT DELEGATION IN LONDON
● In December 1919 a delegation was prepared by the Khilafat
Committee which was sent to England under the leadership of
Maulana Mohammad Ali Johar to see the British P.M, Cabinet
Member and Members of Parliament to explain the Indian point of
view regarding the Khilafat.
● The delegation visited England in 1920. The delegation addressed
the House of Commons and met the British Prime Minister, Lloyd
George who paid no heed to the delegations demand.

14. ● The delegation stayed in London for eight months and won many
hearts and sympathies of people in Britain delivering speeches.
● The delegation returned to India unsuccessful in October 1920.

15. MAHATMA GANDHI’S ROLE IN KHILAFAT MOVEMENT
Mahatma Gandhi saw the Khilafat Movement as a great opportunity to
bring together the Hindus and the Muslims and their respective causes
against one common authority of exploitation and domination.
Therefore he, wholeheartedly supported the Khilafat Movement and
became a member of the Central Khilafat Committee.
In 1920, during the Nagpur Session of the Indian National Congress,
Mahatma Gandhi linked the proposal of self-government better known
as ‘Swaraj’ with the Khilafat concerns and demands and adopted the
non-cooperation plan to accomplish the twin objectives.

16. KHILAFAT MOVEMENT AND HINDU MUSLIM UNITY
This was mostly on account of the intertwining of the leaders of the
Indian National Congress and the Khilafat Movement themselves.
This campaign saw the popularization of the slogan ‘Hindu-Musalmaan
ki Jai’ during strikes, protests and demonstrations across the country.
The North-West Frontier Province, Bengal and Punjab regions were
very active in terms of the Khilafat Movement.
Mahatma Gandhi along with Ali Brothers undertook a nation-wide
tour during which he addressed hundreds of meetings. I

17. END OF THE MOVEMENT
The unfortunate tragedy of Chauri Chaura on 5th February, 1922,
where a mob of three thousand killed twenty-five policemen and one
inspector changed the direction of the movement.
Mahatma Gandhi on account of his selfless commitment to
nonviolence ordered for the suspension of the movement.
On the other hand, Turkey herself saw the abolition of this cause
when in March 1924, the Sultanate Empire decided to be a Republic.

18. The abolition of Khilafat by Kamal Ataturk was a serious blow on
Khilafat movement ,he exiled Sultan Abdul Majeed, a helpless
Caliph and abolished Khilafat as an institution,
As a result the khilafat movement all over the world came to a halt.

19. THANK YOU