Presentation of Mofizul Islam Given to Dr. Swaminathan Foundation

1. Welcome
MD Mofizul Islam
Senior Agriculture Specialist
IFDC; Dhaka

2. At present IFDC is working in 29 countries also in many countries and
International organizations , research institutes, universities, public
and private sector organization on collaborative basis signing MOU.

3. “About half of the world’s population
is alive today because of increased
food production fueled by mineral
fertilizers,”
Dr. Amit Roy; President,IFDC
“About half of the world’s population
is alive today because of increased
food production fueled by mineral
fertilizers,”
Dr. Amit Roy; President,IFDC

9. How Deep PlacementHow Deep Placement
Works?Works?
CO2

10. N Balance for UDP and Split Applied Urea in Wetland Rice.N Balance for UDP and Split Applied Urea in Wetland Rice.
IRRI-IFDCIRRI-IFDC
In Grain
42%
In Straw
23%
In Soil
31%
Unaccounted
4%
In Grain
23%
In Straw
9%
In Soil
33%
Unaccounted
35%
Deep Placed
Urea
Briquette
Split
Application

11. Location Urea application 15
N Balance (%of applied N)
Plant recovery Soil(+roots) Unaccounted
Institute of soil science,
Nanjing, China
PU incorporated 29-45 20-32 35-40
USG at 6cm placement 55-74 12-24 13-21
IRRI, Philippines dry &
wet season
PU incorporated 32-33 33-36 11-35
USG,10cm placement 65-73 22-31 4-5
Pangasinan, Philippines,
wet season
Basal incorporated & top
dressing
31-39 33-35 26-36
USG,10cm placement 64-78 19-26 3-14
Pila, Laguna,
Philippines ,wet season
Two third b,cd-incorporated 30 22 48
USG placement 70 23 7
15
N balance sheet for deep-placed USG-N and split-
applied PU-N in transplanted rice
Source: Fertilizer Research, vol.25, No.1,October 1990

12. FERTILIZER
15
N(%)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Urea Super Granules Placed
at 8-cm Soil Depth
Urea Broadcast and Incorporated
UNACCOUNTED
ROOT + SOIL
PLANT
UNACCOUNTED
ROOT + SOIL
PLANT
DAYS AFTER TRANSPLANTING
Source: Use of Urea Super Granules for Wetland Rice: A Review.
By: NK Savant, ET Craswell and RB Diamond

13. Important Agronomic advantages of UDP
• No hidden hunger to plants for shortage of nitrogen
•Less weeds grow due to N availability beyond root zone
• Dark green color of leaves continues without yellowing
• Number of tillers more than broadcast urea applied plot
• Panicle is large with more number of bold grains
• Add more bio-mass in soils

14. Potential N losses due to presence of urea-N in floodwater with surface broadcast application of broadcast urea versus
deep placed granules (1-g size), 1994 dry season, Philippines. Source: IFDC-IRRI Project

18. Project Locations
AAPI Total
• 22 Districts
• 124 Upazilas
FtF Districts
• 20 Districts
• 107 Upazilas

19. Result
Indicators Units Target Actual
% of
Achievement
Guti Urea
Manufac./Sold
Metric
Ton
- 4,01690 -
Guti Urea
Dealers/Machine
s Installed
Number 795 905 114%
Farmers Applied
Guti Urea in last
four rice seasons
Number 2,957,713 4,653,687 157%
Rice Area under
Guti Urea in last
four rice seasons
Hectare 1,478,857 1,547,873 105%
AAPI Results Achieved through(three crops) June 2013AAPI Results Achieved through(three crops) June 2013

20. Items
Fertilizer Used
(Average)
Fertilizer Cost
(Average)
Yield
(Average)
(kg/ha) (Tk/ha) (kg/ha)
Guti Urea 169 3,713($48) 7,029
Broadcast
Urea
295 5,903($76) 6,163
Difference 126 2,190($28) 866
CV 0.25 0.24 12.39
LSD (0.05) 0.08 1.63 113.82
Influence of N Fertilizer Application Method of Fertilizer
Used, Saving and Yield of Rice Boro 2013 demos
Source: AAPI 397 Demonstration Plots,
Boro 2013

21. Result
Indicators Units Target Actual
% of
Achievement
Incremental Rice
Production
Metric Ton 1,492,129 1,297,426 87%
Increased Value of
Rice
Million US
$
477.48 457.70 96%
Urea Saved Metric Ton 196,061 196,973 100%
Value of Urea Saved Million US
$
66.65 105.64 158%
GOB Savings on Urea
Subsidy
Million US
$
31.92 62.75 197%
AAPI Results Achieved(aman2012,boro2013&aus2013) through June 2013AAPI Results Achieved(aman2012,boro2013&aus2013) through June 2013

22. 5.33
5.6
5.71
5.68
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
InPercentage(%)
Prilled Urea USG 2 NPK (2.40
gm)
1 NPK (3.40
gm)
Treatment
Protein content in grain of boro rice
Protein content(%)

23. Cultivars
(Varieties
No. of
demons-
trations
Yield (Kg/ha)
Remarks
Yield difference
(a-b)
Average UDP
(Guti Urea)
(a)
Average
Broadcast Urea
(b)
BRRI dhan 29 114 7579 6522 1057
BRRI dhan 28 168 6876 5956 920
BRRI dhan 47 20 6465 5560 905
BINA dhan 8 11 6484 5715 769
Hybrids 33 7911 6804 1107
Effect of N-Fertilizer Applied as Broadcast Urea or UDP on the Grain
Yield (kg/ha) of Different Varieties Grown in Boro, 2012 (Demo)

24. Deep –placed USG
were found to be agronomically efficient
in calcareous soils and in problem soils
such as acidic soils, sodic soils, alkali
soils, coastal saline soils and poorly
drained soils.
Source: “Fertilizer Research” An International Journal on Fertilizer Use and Technology,
vol.25, No.1,Oct.1990

25. Poverty Alleviation of Resource Poor
Farmers
a household cultivating 0.2 ha in both wet and dry
seasons and obtaining the yield increments from
UDP might produce sufficient additional rice to
provide one person their annual calorie requirement
above poverty level (2,114 kilo calorie/head/day).
An IFDC Study Pointed Out--

26. “On average from a hectare of land, UDP provides an
additional 3.2 persons with the annual rice
requirement above the poverty level established by
the Government of Bangladesh,” says Dr. Thomas P.
Thompson, IFDC Senior Sociologist.
A survey conducted in Bangladesh produced these
findings.
Socioeconomic Performance

27. HOW TO SAVE THE
EARTH ???

28. Environmental Gains with Deep PlacementEnvironmental Gains with Deep Placement
• Point Placement = high ammoniacal N concentration (NH4-N > 3,000 ppm)
 inhibition of nitrification
• Less N Loss = N Fertilizer Savings
• Deep Placement = reduced zone soil placement
Air
(80% Nitrogen)
Ammonia Urea
Energy and Feedstock
(Natural Gas)
Energy (Natural Gas)
and Carbon Dioxide
980 kg CO2
Equivalent
GHG Emission
4-Barrels Energy 1 ton Urea

29. Global Climate Change Initiative
• Phase I
– will quantify the N losses
and build capacity within
BRRI and BAU.
• Phase II
– will measure the effect
of enhanced
technologies on N
emissions and yield.
NH4 concentration in floodwater after
urea application

30. Nitrous Oxide (N2O) Contribution in Global
Warming
 Global warming potential of N2O is nearly 300 times
than that of an equal mass of CO2
 Global atmospheric N2O concentration is now 18
times higher than pre-industrial times
 It has continued to increase @ of about
0.3%per year
Source: International nitrogen initiative

32. Source: Economic Review 2013, Ministry of Finance, GOB

34. Benefits of urea deep placement(UDP)
For entrepreneurs:
• New area of business
& profit
• Opportunity to contribute
to national development
For the national economy:
• Saves urea
• Increase rice production
• Increase rural employment
opportunities
For the environment:
• Decrease release of Nr
to the environment
• Decrease pollution of water
For farmers:
• Increase yield
• Saves urea
• Decrease production cost
• Increase profit

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41. U.S. President Barack Obama and USAID Administrator Rajiv Shah discuss fertilizer deep placement technology with Dr. Bidjokazo Fofana,
agronomist and coordinator of IFDC's deep placement initiative in Africa. Fofana (right) is demonstrating the use of a mechanical applicator that
decreases the labor required to deep-place fertilizer briquettes. Photo courtesy of USAID.
U.S. President Barack Obama Promotes Agricultural Technologies at Feed the Future Event

42. BRRIDesignedApplicator

49. Long-Term Effect of Urea DeepLong-Term Effect of Urea Deep
Placement on Soil HealthPlacement on Soil Health
Urea Deep
PlacementUrea
Broadcast
Incorporation

50. Long-Term Effect of UDP on Soil Health
Comparison of Organic Matter Content with UDP and Urea
Organic Matter Content (%)
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
SoilDepth(cm)
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0

51. Long-Term Effect of UDP on Soil Health
Comparison of Soil Total Nitrogen with UDP and Urea
Total N Content (%)
0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.20 0.22 0.24
SoilDepth(cm)
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0

53. Phosphorus use efficiencies as influenced by P and N rates, deep point
placement of briquettes, incorporation of N, P, K
Phosphorus use efficiencies as influenced by P and N rates, deep point
placement of briquettes, incorporation of N, P, K
Fertilizer nutrients
(N-P-K)
Phosphorus use efficiency
Agronomic efficiency Apparent recovery
combined
2001 2002
Kg grain/kg P applied
% increase in P
uptake from P applied
Phosphorus rate, 14 kg P /ha
53 – 14 – 25 Broadcast 47.8 151.2 24.9
53 – 14 – 25 N-P-K Briquette 110.5 166.9 50.4
78 – 14 – 25 Broadcast 120.6 187.8 50.3
78 – 14 – 25 N-P-K Briquette 165.1 241.5 81.4
Source: Rice Growth, Grain Yield and Flood Water Nutrient Dynamics as affected by by Nutrient Placement
Method and Rate; Agronomy Journal, Volume 100, Issue 3; 2008

54. Farmer
Fertilizer
dealer
(Retailer)
Machine
manufacturer
Briquette
producer
Urea
source
Making the “Guti” Urea
Supply Chain Work
for Farmers

57. Sub-continent Country
Number of
Machine
Asia Afghanistan, Cambodia, India, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines 20
Africa Burkina Feso, Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya ,
Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali,
Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda,
Senegal, Togo, Uganda, Zambia
55
USA &
Ecuador
IFDC Head Quarter, Ecuador
2
Briquette Machine Exported from BangladeshBriquette Machine Exported from Bangladesh

58. RiceGrainYield(tha
-1
)
0
2
4
6
8
10
UDP
Urea
Yield difference
Niger
Nigeria
Mali
Senegal
Burkina
MEAN
Madagascar
Rwanda
Togo
Gains in Sub-Saharan AfricaGains in Sub-Saharan Africa

63. Crop Treatment Yield (m.ton/ha)
Cabbage Prilled Urea (440 kg/ha) 47.95
UDP 61.57
Difference 13.62
Cauliflower Prilled Urea (330 kg/ha) 49.20
UDP 59.55
Differences 10.35
Tomato Prilled Urea (500 kg/ha) 45.80
UDP 59.65
Difference 13.85
Eggplant Prilled Urea (300 kg/ha) 25.03
UDP 31.02
Difference 5.99
Yield Analysis of Cabbage, Cauliflower, Tomato and Eggplant from
UDP and Broadcast Urea Plots
Source: AAPI, IFDC, Dhaka

64. UDP PlotNon UDP Plot

65. THE END

66. Sl# Items Unit cost US$ Unit nos. Total(US$)
1 Urea cost 0.25/kg 3200 kg 800.00
2 Number of labors 3.75 3.75x3nos 11.25
3 Diesel 0.81 0.85x12litres 10.20
4 Engine oil --- --- 0.50
5 Gear oil -- -- 0.50
6 Management, housing,
promotion, depreciation
etc
1 day --- 7.75
7 Shortage @2% 1 kg/50kg bag 0.25
8 Grand Total 830.45
9 Price of guti @0.28/kg 3200kg 896.00
10 Sl. 9-8 of items 65.55
11 If machine works yearly
60 days(av.) profit
3,933.00
12 For 30 days profit 1966.50
An estimated partial financial benefit of entrepreneurs on USG
production and marketing per day (8hr basis)
Production of USG on the basis of 400kg /hr ie 64 bags (50kg/bag) per day