There are five main types of governments according to anthropologists: big man government, chiefdoms, complex chiefdoms, states, and empires. Big man governments were led by the strongest or most intelligent person in small tribes. Chiefdoms emerged around 5000 BC in villages led by hereditary chiefs. Complex chiefdoms had towns and cities led by a super-chief ruling over other chiefs. The first state was Sumer in 3500 BC with multiple levels of government. Empires had several levels of government and controlled multiple states, like the Akkadian Empire.

1. Types of Government Civics Morgan Kratovil

11. Famous/influential examples of empires Egyptian Incan British Roman Persian

13. Economy In a communist country, the government owns all businesses and farms and provides its people’s healthcare, education and welfare Socialist governments own many of the larger industries and provide education, health and welfare services while allowing citizens some economic choices. In a capitalist or free-market economy, people own their own businesses and property and must buy services for private use, such as healthcare. China, Cuba Norway United States Communism Socialism Capitalism

14. Politics Rulers claim to be ruling on behalf of a set of religious ideas, or as direct agents of a deity. Rule by a single party. People are forced to do what the government tells them. Rule by a single leader who has not been elected and may use force to keep control. Has a king or queen, who sometimes has absolute power. Power is passed along through the family Led by representa- tives of the people. Each is chosen as a member of a political party and remains in power as long as his/her party does. Led by repre- senatives of the voters. Each is individually elected for a set period of time. Iran, Vatican City China Iraq (pre-2002) Jordan Israel United States Theocracy Totalitarian Dictatorship Monarchy Parliamentary Republic

15. Authority Rule by an elite few. Only certain members of society have a valid voice in government. Citizens are allowed to vote, but only for the government’s chosen candidates. Government is elected by anyone who is eligible to vote. The existing structure is overthrown completely by a new group. Pakistan North Korea India USA, France Oligarchy/ Plutocracy Totalitarian Democracy Revolutionary