3. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Conducting Part-
responsible for passage of
air and conditioning of the
inspired air.
Examples:nasal
cavities,pharynx, trachea,
bronchi and their
intrapulmonary
continuations.
Respiratory Part-involved
with the exchange of
oxygen and carbondioxide
between blood and inspires
air.Includes the lungs
4. Trachea
Left and Right lobar bronchus Lungs.
Lobar Bronchi. . Lobes(Right 3 and Left 2.).
Segmental bronchi Broncho-pulmonary
segments(10+10)
Bronchioles
Terminal bronchioles.
Respiratory Bronchioles.
Alveolar ducts Alveolar sacs Alveoli.
12. CELLS SEEN IN THE
RESPIRATORY PASSAGES
Goblet cells
Non-ciliated serous cells
Basal cells
Cells of Clara
Brush cells
Argyrophil Cells similar to diffuse endocrine cells
of gut
Lymphocytes
14. BRONCHUS
Principal bronchus
-same as trachea
Secondary /Lobar
bronchus
-Irregular hyaline cartilage
-Pseudo stratified ciliated
columnar
Tertiary /Segmental
bronchus
-Columnar epithelium
-Patches of cartilage
15.
16. Segmental or tertiary bronchus:
The number of Goblet cells reduced.(epithelium)
The number of Glands reduced.(submucosa)
The cartilage is present in the irregular plates.
19. Lined by simple ciliated or columnar epithelium.
Smooth muscles form ring underneath the epithelium in
between two adjacent alveoli.
20. Alveolar duct-Alveolar sac.
Alveolar duct lined by simple squamous epithelium.
Increase the surface area of gaseous exchange.
Surrounded by network of capillaries.
21.
22. Inter alveolar septum-
Is the wall present in between the two adjacent alveoli.
Consists of epithelial cells of each alveolus on both sides.
Connective tissues contain capillaries,collagen,elastic
fibres,fibroblasts and macrophages(dust cells).
23. Alveoli are thin walled outpouchings , lined by a
single layer of cells.
Two types:
Pneumocyte 1 and2 cells.
Also called pneumocyte or alveolar cells.
24. Type 1 Pneumocyte are squamous cells ,adjacent cells are
joined together by tight junctions.
Function: Gaseous exchange.
Type 11 Pneumocytes:
Cuboidal cells,scattered among type 1 cells.
Secrete Pulmonary surfactant which lowers the surface
tension and prevents alveoli from collapsig.
Alveolar macrophages or Dust cells – Remove debris.
26. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BRONCHI
AND BRONCHIOLES
Bronchus
Glands are present.
Presence of cartilage.
Goblet cells are present.
Spiraliy arranged smooth
muscle layer.
Mucosa folded lined by
ciliated pseudostratified
columnar cells.
Bronchioles
No glands
No cartilage
No goblet cells
Thick smooth muscle
layer
Mucosa highly folded
lined by simple columnar
or cuboidal cells with
Presence of Clara cells
Many elastic fibres