On June 14 - 15, on the occasion of 27th foundation day of U.P. Council of Agricultural Research, Lucknow, a two day National Conference was held on Mass Communication as an effective tool for Agriculture Development, Prof B. N. Singh delivered his lecture on On-farm Research on Aerobic rice Technology Testing and Dissemination in the said conference. LEAD Trust is collaborating in digital propagation of his lecture slides, which are available here.

1. On-farm Research on Aerobic rice
Technology Testing and
Dissemination
Prof. B.N. Singh
Center for Research & Development
Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh
CRD TRUST
www.crdgorakhpur.org
14 June 2016
UPCAR Luck now Uttar Pradesh

2. Major Thrust of CRD
SN Thrust Areas Research Projects
1 Flood prone rice i. On-station evaluation of yield
potential of submergence tolerant
varieties
ii. On-farm: Siddharhnagar, Deoria,
Gorakhpur, Kushinagar &
Maharajganj
2 Drought prone rice i. Drought tolerant rice varieties
3 Climate Resilient
Agriculture
I. Aerobic rice
ii. Zero tillage wheat

3. Est..: 09 March 2014

4. Gaunar Usaraha village,Gorkhpur district
3 Km from Rampur on Gorakhpur- Kushinagar
Highway, 30 km from Gorakhpur

5. On-station Research:
CRD Farm Gaunar Usaraha

6. Aerobic rice On-Station Yield trials
2014 Kharif season

7. Aerobic rice Yield trials
2014 Kharif season

8. Collaboration with IIRR(DRR) on Aerobic rice
2014 Kharif Season

9. On-farm trial : Village Rampur Gopalpur, Chargawa
Block, Gorakhpur 2014 Kharif season
• Rice Hybrid NK 5251 : 6 kg seed acre-1
• Broadcast , mixed with 50 Kg DAP
• Spray of Pendimethalin: pre-emergence
weedicide
• Spray of Bispyribac Sodium ( Nominee gold) &
as post emergence weedicide
• N topdressing : Twice :50 kg Urea
• Yield : 5.5 tha-1

11. On-farm Evaluation
2015 Kharif season
• Village : Rampur Gopalpur Chargawa Block Gorakhpur
• Hybrids: PAC 801, PAC 807,Sava 127, PAC 837, Loknath 505,
JKRH 401, Suruchi 5401, Arize Prima, Ajay, Raj Laxmi, PA 6444
Gold, KRH 4 & NK 5251
• Variety: Sarjoo 52 ( Check)
• Date of Sowing: 29th June 2015; Broadcast followed by
Rotavators
• Weedicide: Nominee Gold 15-20 DAS
• Fertilizer:
• Drought : after germination, vegetative & Reproductive
• Irrigation: 3
• Grain Yield: 5.2 tons ha-1

12. On- Farm evaluation
2015 Kharif Season
• Selection of suitable hybrid for aerobic rice cultivation
• Evaluation in one acre plot
• 8 Kg per acre, Spray of Bipyribac Sodium at 20 DAS
• Aerobic rice with 13 hybrids & Sarjoo 52 as check
• Drought at germination, vegetative & reproductive
stage
• Three irrigation at 12-15 days interval
• Three hybrids survived till harvest and
• PAC 837 yielded maximum of 5.0 tons ha-1

13. Aerobic rice with hybrid PAC 837
2015 Kharif season : Yield 5.5 t/ha

14. Aerobic rice: PAC 837 best amongst Hybrid
2015 Kharif Season

15. Collaboration with CSISA Gorakhpur
Aerobic rice : 2015 Kharif : Yield : 5.5 t/ha

16. Visit to Rice Field day: October 1, 2015

17. On-Farm Evaluation :2016 Kharif
• 75 acres ( FLD, IIRR Hyderabad: MOA GOI)
• 3 Districts
• Villages:12
• Kushinagar : (Deurawa Pachad, Khotahi,
Sakhwania)
• Gorakhpur (Matihinia Janubi, Kandarai,Gaunar
Usaraha, Ghaghasara,Naiyapar Khurd, Ram
Khutwa, Bariar, Goplapur,
• Deoria (Akataha Chunihawa tola)

18. On-farm Research & Seed Production
at Gaunar Usaraha farm : 12 acres
Year On-Station Trials On-Farm trials Seed Production
2014 AICRIP:3 Trials:
IVT- aerobic rice,
AVT-1(Early),
AVT-2 ( Medium)
FLD on aerobic
rice, Hybrid rice
& Flood prone
rice
Swarna-Sub1 (Nucleus
seed)
Samba Mahsuri–Sub1 (
Nucleus seed)
2015 AICRIP:2 trials
IVT-Aerobic,
AVT-2 Aerobic
FLD on aerobic
rice, Hybrid rice&
Flood prone rice
Ciherang-Sub1 (3 acres)
Samba Mahsuri –Sub1
(3 acres)
IR 64-Drt1 (1 acre)
HD 2967 Breeder
seed(IARI) 10 acres

19. Aerobic Rice ?
• Rice production technology, in which
paddy seeds are direct seeded in
unpuddled aerobic soils, and crop is
grown with higher inputs of fertilizer,
weedicides and irrigation to achieve
higher yields.
• Growing rice like wheat

20. Plant type and traits for aerobic rice
cultivars
i. Drought tolerance: germination, vegetative and
reproductive stage
ii. Semi-dwarf or intermediate height hybrids or varieties
iii. Thick & deep root system
iv. Duration: 110- 135 days, depending on rainfall pattern
v. Early seedling vigor to compete with weeds
vi. Non lodging at higher N levels (100:50:50 Kg NPK)
vii. Resistance/ tolerance to diseases like leaf and panicle
blast, brown spot, sheath rot, grain discoloration etc.
viii. Yield potential: >5 tha-1

21. How it differs from Upland rice?
i. Yield Potential: uplands cultivars yield up to
3.0 tha-1
ii. Non responsive to higher Nitrogen above 40
Kg
iii. Intermediate/ taller lodging type plant type

22. How it differs from direct seeded rice?
• Direct seeding can be upland, rainfed lowland,
& Deep water rice as dry direct seeded, but
aerobic rice is moist or dry seeded
• Aerobic rice is partially irrigated, while others
are rainfed.
• Direct seeding can be done in irrigated
puddled condition , but aerobic rice is grown
under unpuddled aerobic soils.

23. Why Aerobic rice ?
• Climate change & Climatic variability:
Increasing soil and atmospheric temperature
• El Nino in 2002, 2009, 2014 & 2015
• Delay in monsoon at seeding & transplanting
• Irregular rainfall distribution
• Not enough rain for puddling
• Reduced rice area due to insufficient rain
• Early, mid season , or late drought
• New rice production technology for drought
mitigation

24. 41
41.5
42
42.5
43
43.5
44
44.5
45
45.5
46
Rice Area (M ha)
Area
All India Rice Area (2000-01 to 2013-14 )
Range : 41.2 – 45.5 M ha
Difference : 4.3 Mha

25. All India Rice Production (2000-01 to 2013-14 )
Range: 71.8 –106.6 MT
Difference: 34.8 MT
71
76
81
86
91
96
101
106
Rice Production (M T)
Production

26. All India Rice Yield (2000-01 to 2013-14 )
Range : 1.7 – 2.4 t ha-1
Difference : 0.7 t ha-1
1.7
1.8
1.9
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
RICE YIELD (tons ha-1
RICE YIELD

27. Rice Area in U.P. (2001-02 to 2013-14 )
Range : 52 –60 Lakh ha
Difference: 8 Lakh ha
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14
Area Lakh ha
Area

28. Rice Production in U.P. (2001-02 to 2013-14 )
Range : 96–146 Lakh tons
Difference: 50 Lakh tons
95
105
115
125
135
145
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14
Production
Production

29. Rice Yield in U.P. (2001-02 to 2013-14 )
Range :1.8 – 2.5 tha-1
Difference: 0.7 tha-1
1.8
1.9
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14
Rice Yield tha-1
Rice Yield

30. Advantages of aerobic rice
i. Saves water by 30 to 50% for nursery
seeding and puddling.
ii. Drudgery reduction
iii. Less methane production than irrigated
rice.

31. Advantages of aerobic rice
iv. Sowing on time.
v. More area which remains not
transplanted / seeded due to delayed
monsoon, can be bought under paddy
cultivation.
vi. Assures food security at household,
State and National level.

32. Major constraints in aerobic rice
cultivation
i. Weeds problem in direct seeded rice Lack of
appropriate variety/ hybrids.
ii. Seed availability of aerobic rice varieties
iii. Appropriate Integrated Crop Management (
ICM) technology.
v. Iron and Zinc deficiency
vi. Yield potential
vii. Limited research

33. Weeds : Major problems
Use of Pre-emergence & Post emergence
weedicide

34. Possibility of Aerobic rice cultivation
• All drought prone states of India: 4.3 million ha
rice area in states of Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Uttar
Pradesh, Jharkhand, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh,
Telengana, & Maharashtra etc
• All rainfed areas where rice can be cultivated with
limited water availability & small farm ponds.
• In Uttar Pradesh, at least 9 lakh ha area can be
brought immediately.

35. On-Station Aerobic rice trials
2014 Kharif Season
Objective: To select HYV / Hybrids yielding > 5.0
t/ha
Four Trials : HYV entries selected
• Station Trials:
• RYT ( Aerobic)
• AICRIP Trials:
• AVT-1 ( Aerobic)
• AVT-2 ( Aerobic)
• IET ( Aerobic)

36. On-Station Aerobic rice trials
2015 Kharif Season
Objective: To select HYV/ Hybrids > 5.0 t/ha
Five Trials: Severe drought, and tolerant lines
selected
• Station Trials:
• RYT ( Aerobic)
• AYT ( Aerobic)
• RYT-Hybrids ( Aerobic)
• AICRIP Trials:
• AVT-2 ( Aerobic)
• IET ( Aerobic)

37. Seeding Methods
• Three:
i. Broadcasting
ii. Seed cum Fertilizer drill
iii. Zero till seed cum Fertilizer drill

38. Aerobic rice seeding by Zero till seed
cum fertilizer drill: 2015 Kharif

40. Aerobic rice seeding by seed cum
fertilizer drill 2015 Kharif

41. 2016 Kharif
• Aerobic rice in 75 acres ( Support from FLD, IIRR
Hyderabad ) in 15 villages in Gorakhpur, Deoria and
Kushinagar districts.
• Hybrids: PAC 837,
Loknath 505,
KRH 4
• Varieties :DRR 42 ( IR 64-Drt1)
Ciherang-Sub1
Swarna-Sub1
Samba-Sub1
DRR 44

42. 2016 Kharif season

54. Drought : 2015 Kharif

55. Drought : 2015 Kharif

56. On-Station Trial
CR Dhan 202: Drought Tolerant

57. IR 64-Drt1 ( 2015 released)

58. Integrated Crop Management (ICM)
for aerobic rice
i. Summer deep ploughing with tractor driven
plough or MB plough ( to harvest rainwater
for drought mitigation)
ii. Bunding to harvest in-situ rainwater
conservation
iii. Direct seeding : June 3rd fortnight after first
rain in moist soil
iv. Seed rate: 8 Kg ha-1 for hybrids (PAC 837,
Loknath 505) & 12 Kg ha-1 for Self pollinated
varieties like CR Dhan 202, IR 64-Drt1,
Ciherang –Sub1 & others)

59. Integrated Crop Management (ICM)
for aerobic rice
v. Seed Treatment: Bavistin @2 gm per Kg
seed
vi. Fertilizer: @120: 60: 60 Kg NPK ha-1
vii. Basal fertilizer: NPK (12: 32: 16)@ 200
kg ha-1
viii. Zinc Sulphate (25Kg ha-1 ) and Iron
sulphate (10 Kg ha-1)

60. Integrated Crop Management (ICM)
for aerobic rice
ix. Use of Pre-emergence weedicide (within
2 DAS): Pendimethalin 30 EC /
Pretilachlor & 1500 ml ha-1
x. Use of post emergence weedicide:
Bispyribac sodium (Nominee Gold) @200
ml & 2-4D / Saathi@200 ml
xi. Topdressing : Urea twice, 3 & 6 WAS
100 Kg each time

61. Integrated Crop Management (ICM)
for aerobic rice
xii. Disease/Insect control: Leaf & Panicle
blasts, Brown spot, Grain discoloration &
Gudhi bug. Spray Tilt (1 gm per liter) or
Bavistin (2 gm per liter) for fungal
diseases control.
xiii. Irrigation: 3-5 depending on soil type,
during drought/ rainless period for two
weeks
ixv. Grain Yield : 5.0 tons ha-1

62. Conclusions
i. Rice Hybrid PAC 837 & Loknath 505
performed better than other hybrids and
Sarjoo 52 check in farmers field.
ii. CR Dhan 202 & DRR 42 (IR64-Drt1) has
better drought tolerance and yield than
other aerobic rice varieties in On-station
trial. Its yield potential will be evaluated in
next season through On-farm research.

63. Conclusions ( Contd.)
iii. Integrated Crop Management (ICM)
technology for aerobic rice cultivation
has been developed and there is need for
up scaling.
iv. On-station and on-farm research should
be undertaken simultaneously for rapid
technology development &
dissemination.

64. Conclusions
V. Sowing by Seed cum fertilizer drill or
Zero till machine is better than
seeding as broadcasting or by
Rotavator.

65. EXTENSION & COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY
SEEING IS BELEIVING :
ON-FARM RESEARCH
with ON-STATION SUPPORT
PRINT MEDIA, FIELD DAYS
as
MASS COMMUNICATION TOOL
for
RAPID TECHNOLOGY DISSEMINATION

66. Thanks For Your Kind Attention