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- 11. SPRÁVA Spracovanie informácie príjem Kódovanie odoslanie poslanie Odpoveď Vysielač Prijímač Akcia, odpoveď porozumenie Príjem Dekódovanie
- 28. Vnímanie Blesková zpráva: Vzkýum Cma i br skgé Uinervti z y Plode vzkmuýu Cbagmkirsé Uvnierizty, nzeážleí na tom, v jkéam padoří josu psemnía ve svolě , jnediá dleiůžtá věc je , aby pvrní a plodsení psímnea blya ve sépávnrm paořdí. Ztbyek mžůe být únplě pehzeánřý a i psřeto jej mžetůe čsít úlnpě bez plobémrů.A to porto, že ldiksá msyl nčtee kždaé pesmnío satmsatoně, ale čte svolo jkao cleek . Myseľ interpretuje modely založené na prežitej skúsenosti – alebo na modeloch, ktoré už pozná.
- 37. “ We see the world not as it is, but as we are” Stephen Covey
Notas do Editor
- In small groups, formulate definitions of communication, then discuss them. What is communication? According to a definition in information theory, communication is everything where information is conveyed . We are going to tackle direct human communication, which forms a part of social and biological communication. This is meant to signify a direct communicative relationship between two persons, involving all human senses. Even behaviour is communication We must know that it is impossible not to communicate. Behaviour is an integrative expression of the personality, and is communication at the same time, which is vital for us, and takes place on a continuous basis. The medium of communication The figure shows that other communications devices may be inserted in the information conveyed between two pe rso ns, i.e. the medium of communication may be air, electronic or magnetic waves, etc. For instance, communication may be election campaign billboards, a bottle post or a novel as well. The ability to communicate It shows how detailed and varied the way I express myself is to match the situation, the partner and my aims, and how detailed an understanding I can have of the other party’s expressions, how rigid or flexible my view of the other party is, i.e. if it is adjusted by new information.
- Module name: The basic notions of communication The key message of the module: communication is not a one-off, homogeneous event, but can be sectioned, which can be combined into a successive process. Duration: 10 minutes Objective : Introduce the process and seperable elements of communication Cross-connection: In order to be as successful as possible in recognizing and distinguishing the behavior patterns of our partner in communication and our own, we should be aware of the basics of communication, and know the channels of communication and their components. In the continuation, we are going to review the necessary knowledge. What is the difference between medium and channel? Medium: - the system of conditions independent from man. There is always a medium (e.g.. air). Channel: - the system of conditions developed by man. It doesn’t always exist, e.g. TV, radio. Coding and decoding The process of formulating a message (e.g. speech) is termed coding, and the development of an impression decoding. These two words have been borrowed from the technical systems, where in many cases the results of coding and decoding fully overlap, i.e. the decoded information will be identical with the pre-coding information. In interpersonal communication, these processes result in rather more differences, i.e. we are not sure to understand the same thing the sender originally intended us to. Understanding We conjure up a full, reasonable and logical image out of the (generally incomplete) information available to us. This means that we use a fraction of events going on in reality to develop a full image, or an impression. This is how it is possible for two persons to develop two contradictory images from a shared experience, which both will certainly consider as logical and accurate, based on their own models. Noises in communication Each link in this chain holds possibilities of mistakes. The Sender has certain feelings for the Receiver. Their intention to communicate a certain feeling is manifest in certain behavior. The Receiver perceives this behavior in their own way, based on their own necessities, feelings, experience, etc. The way of perception will evoke a certain feeling in the Receiver (liking, anger, fear, etc.) This will be used to understand the Sender’s intentions, and to assess the Sender’s personality. Notes: The channel may also function as a filter, i.e. may be a disposition or stereotype. (e.g. if I refuse the transmitter of communication. This is often seen in political life between opposing parties, and they do not notice that they basically convey the same message.) A lesson learnt from this figure is that whatever the number of elements in communication, they should be considered as many sources of error.
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- Zobrazte nadpis. Vyberte jedného účastníka, ktorý bude mať za úlohu prečítať „bleskovú správu“. Je dobré ak účastník vie po česky, lebo správa je z českých novín. Ak máte dobrovolníka, zobrazte mu správu. Po prečítaní krátko rozoberte, presne podľa textu v článku. Na základe skúseností, máme vždy snahu si niektoré veci domyslieť. Niekedy to však nemusí byť to najsprávnejšie riešenie....
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- Ukážte slide. Spýtajte sa účastníkov, kto vidí starú ženu.......neskôr kto vidí mladú ženu. Dajte priestor tomu, kto vidí „starú ženu“ nech ju ukáže ostatným. Následne nech niekto ukáže „mladú ženu“ ostatným. Spýtajte sa, kto vidí obidve ženy....... Vnímanie je to, ako veci okolo seba vidíme. Obraz ako ich vidíme je ovplyvnený našimi skúsenosťami. Zdôraznite účastníkom, že každý môže vidieť svoj obraz, každý z nich môže mať svoju pravdu, svoj obraz o živote. Neznamená to však, že ten názor je zlý/dobrý. Každý má svoj „uhol pohľadu“.
- Interaktívna prezentácia. Požiadajte účastníkov, nech jednotlivé tváre, tie ktoré vidia aj ukážu ostatným. Spolu počítajte. Je ich 5....alebo 8....alebo 11? Má vták tvár?.....Má pes tvár? Každý má svoj výsledok, spolu však môžete objaviť tváre(veci), ktoré ste možno sami nevideli. Aj preto napr. v práci je dôležité a múdre podeliť sa o skúsenosti/otázky s kolegami.