This is a 1.5 hour lesson for undergraduate course in Advance Research for lecture discussion with writeshop activity.

2. Lesson Objectives:
1. Define an Abstract
2. Enumerate and describe the 2 types of
Abstract
3. Differentiate Abstract from Introduction
4. Explain the purpose and limitations of Abstract
5. Evaluate the structured and unstructured
Abstract
6. Show example of abstract
7. Write your own abstract

3. ABSTRACT

4. TYPES OF ABSTRACT
1. Structured Abstract- usually follow
IMRAD pattern; original, norm,
citation needed
2. Unstructured Abstract- composed of
one paragraph with no explicit
headings often appropriate for review
articles that don’t follow the IMRAD
pattern within their bodies

5. DESCRIPTIVE VERSUS
INFORMATIVE ABSTRACT
DESCRIPTIVE ABSTRACT
-Describes major points of the
project to the reader
- Includes background purpose
and focus of the paper or article
but never the methods, results and
conclusions if it is a research
paper
-It is most likely used for
humanities and social sciences
papers or psychology essays
INFORMATIVE ABSTRACT
-Informs the audience of all the
essential points of the paper
-Briefly summarizes the
background, purpose, focus,
methods, results, findings, and
conclusions of the full length paper
-is concise usually 10% of the
original paper length, often just
one paragraph
- most likely used for sciences,
engineering or psychology report

6. Abstract differ from
Introduction
ABSTRACT
1. The essence of the whole paper
2. Covers the following academic
elements:
-background
-purpose & focus
-methods
-results/ findings
-conclusions/
Recommendations
1. Summarize briefly the whole paper
including the conclusions
INTRODUCTION
1. Introduces the paper
2. Covers the following academic
elements
-background
-purpose
-proposition
-also called point of view or thesis
statement
-outline of key issues
-scope
3. Introduces the paper and foregrounds
issues for discussion

7. Purpose and Limitations
of Abstract
ACADEMIC LITERATURE
• To successfully communicate complex research- act
as stand-alone entity of a full paper
USED BY ORGANIZATIONS
Basis for selecting research that is proposed for oral
presentation or workshop presentation in an academic
conference
• Full texts of scientific papers most often purchased
because of copyright/ publisher’s fees

8. Purpose and Limitations
of Abstract
Protected Under
Copyright Law
• For its relevance and merits of
the paper.
• Significant selling point for the
report or electronic form of the
full text

9. CRAFTING A RESEARCH
ABSTRACT
Offers Detailed
Outline of the
Research Project and
serves as roadmap

10. CRAFTING A RESEARCH
ABSTRACT
Statement of Purpose
This study examined the relationship
between the buying processes of
consumers and the motivating factors
that salesmen do for decision making
when a consumer product is introduced
through personal selling.

11. CRAFTING A RESEARCH
ABSTRACT
Research Question
Includes questions you are trying to
solve, concise statement that flows
from the statement of purpose,
translates into thesis statement that
you prove or disprove

12. EXAMPLE OF RESEARCH
QUESTION TRANSLATED
INTO THESIS STATEMENT
Salesmen of consumer
goods in Santiago City
Philippines who use
personal selling strategy
scores better than those who
merely sell online without
face to face encounter with
the consumer

13. CRAFTING A RESEARCH
ABSTRACT
SIGNIFICANCE OF
RESEARCH
Argues for the significance of
your research and how it will
contribute to the field or the
community; to whom and why
it is important

14. CRAFTING A RESEARCH
ABSTRACT
METHODS OF DATA
COLLECTION
Explain how data is
collected, analyzed and
interpreted; If these are
already been
collected, describe where the
data are from and how you

15. LET US WRITE
DIRECTIONS
Write in your heading the title of your
study, followed by a simple
background of your study depicting
your purpose or focus and the
expected methods you used in finding
the result of your data gathered

16. CRAFTING A RESEARCH
ABSTRACT
BENCHMARKS
INCLUDE REALISTIC AND
THOROUGH
TIMELINE, PRESENTED AS
SERIES OF BENCHMARKS

17. ASSIGNMENT