1. By Mario Carrizo

2. Definition
 Instructional design is define basically
as the person who teaches, designs or
develops instructions.
 Instructional designers use abstract
tools and physical tools to create
instructions for educators, hospitals,
military installations, businesses, and to
train others.

3. Models Researched
 ARCS
 Dick and Carey Models

4. ARCS Model

5. ARCS Model Description
 It was created by John Keller and was used to
help educators by guiding and analyzing the
concepts, and designing different strategies to
help and motivate the learner's out.

6. ARCS Brief History
 Before ARCS Model was made, there was no
instruction for educators on how to motivate the
student nor a method or model to follow.
 Educators were not motivating their students
enough nor was there instructional design tools
or programs for it.
 John Keller, who was an Educational Researcher
from Florida, took the task to research and develop
a model for educators to enhance the motivation
of their learners.

7. How is ARCS Used
 ARCS model is used by assisting instructional
designers or educators with their objective lessons by
developing activities and use of strategies as a guide to
teach or motivate their learners to promote learning.
 ARCS model is divided into 4 steps:
 Attention
 Relevance
 Confidence
 Satisfaction

8. ARCS Model - Attention
 Is a strategy to help the
learner by giving them
different activities to
keep them interested.
 Attention methods can
be from giving specific
examples, up to putting
them in group work to
do the activity.

9. ARCS Model - Relevance
 Is a strategy to help the
learner by telling them
the benefits that can be
gained if they do the
activity, and how it will
help them in their daily
lives.

10. ARCS Model - Confidence
 Is a strategy to help the
learner or motivate them
to what they will expect
from doing this activity.
 By giving them an
objective or benefit to
pursue, the learner will
have the desire to want
to study.

11. ARCS Model - Satisfaction
 Is a strategy to help the
learner by giving them
the experience of this
activity once they are
done.

12. ACRS Model Strength & Weakness
 Strengths:
 Model is easy to follow.
 Enough time to complete student
research and to have student
complete the assignment.
 Allows the learner to choose the
material to learn and the teachers
to help out if they have problems.
 Teacher ‘s accountability.

13. ARCS Model Strength & Weakness
 Weakness:
 The attendant's – who are the people you're trying to teach. If
the teacher does not know who the audience is then it's going
to be difficult to grasp their attention. This by itself is very
important factor because without motivation there is no
interest.
 Teacher traits – if the teacher is willingly to help these
students with the subject. In order for a teacher to motivate
the student, they must be creative with the subject.
 Financial constraints – if there is no money to pay the teacher
or the educator to teach the student. In other words, to be
able to help the educator to teach the student they need to
have money to pay the teacher to do so.

14. Dick and Carey Model

15. Dick and Carey Model Brief History
Since 1968, several versions of Dick and Carey model has been
developed. As years passed, this model has been modify so it can
be used in businesses, and industry related jobs. In 1996, the
model of Dick and Carey changed once again with some
modifications that helped with procedures and concepts of the
model. Now days, parts of Dick and Carey model is still used and
has helped shape another model like Kirkpatrick model. However
in spite of that, instructional design and educators teaches Dick
and Carey along with ADDIE, ARCS, and other models to designers
and educators among others today.

16. Dick and Carey Model Description
 Dick and Carey model
can be described as an
organized model.
 It gives educators or
designers step-by-step
instructions of what the
purpose of their
objective is, and the
learners to learn up to
the end-result.

17. Dick and Carey Model Nine Stages

18. How Dick and Carey Model is Used
 Dick and Carey Model is used by
nine stages:
 Stage I: Identify instructional goals
 What is the purpose of this goal?
What do you want the learner to
accomplish when they reached
their objective goal.
 Stage II: Conduct instructional
analysis
 Provide the learner a systematic
process on how to reach the
desire goal, and give out the
knowledge or skills they need to
achieve the goal.

19. How the Dick & Carey Model is Used
(Cont…)
 Stage III: Analyze learners and
contexts
 Find out the strength and skills
of the learner on the topic. Also,
find out what is the learner's
approach to the topic and the
attitude towards the topic.
 Stage IV: Write performance
objectives
 You want to write a goal
objective so the learner can
know what he/she is supposed
to reach at the end of their
objective goal.

20. How the Dick & Carey Model is Used
(Cont…)
 Stage V: Develop assessment
instruments.
 You want to create an assessment
or test that goes with the goal of
the objective. This will
demonstrate if your lesson plans
objective has been achieved.
 Stage VI: Develop instructional
strategy.
 You want to create a strategy on
how to teach it in order for the
learner to reach their goal
objective. You can teach it by
demonstrating how to do it and
have the learner follow, etc.

21. How the Dick & Carey Model is Used
(Cont…)
 Stage VII: Develop and select
instruction
 What are the best materials
needed to accomplish the
objective goal.
 Stage VIII: Design and conduct a
formative evaluation
 Use collected information that
was used previously, so you can
improve the instruction
objective. Basically, you are
evaluating your instruction to
see if it is going to work while
doing it.

22. How the Dick & Carey Model is Used
(Cont…)
 Stage IX: Revised instruction
 If you need to change your
instruction in order for the
learner to reach their goal more
effectively.
 Stage X: Design and Conduct a
Summative Evaluation
 Did the instruction of the goal
objective work? Basically, you're
trying to see if your objective
goal work and can the learner
do the same objective goal later
after completed it.

23. Dick and Carey Model Strength &
Weakness
 Strengths:
 This model gives a lot of
planning of the objectives, so
the learner can complete it
successfully.
 The model works as a whole.
The educator needs to do all the
stages in order for the objective
goal to work.
 This model can be used with
either large or small audience
and can be taught to any person.

24. Dick and Carey Model Strength &
Weakness
 Weakness:
 This model gives a lot of
emphasis on the objective or
instruction on how to reach the
goal, and planning the objective
to reach that goal.
 Another weakness of this model
is that you need time to
complete each stage and have
good coordination in order to be
successful.

25. Comparison and Contrast of
Both Models

26. Compare and Contrast of Both
Models
 Comparison:
 Both models need to have an audience to work.
 Both models use objective plan for the students to learn.
 Both models have different steps to follow in order to achieve the final goal.
 Both models need time to assess their processes in order to see if they work
properly.
 Both models need the student to be motivated in order to be successful.
 Both models instruct the learner what to expect at the end of the lesson.
 Both models need an instructor to teach the lesson for the model to work.
 Both models require the learner to achieve the intended goal and end
experience.
 Both models give the learner the experience to learn from the lesson.

27. Compare and Contrast of Both
Models
 Contrast:
 ARCS model is used to motivate the learners contrary to the Dick and Carey
Model that is used for organizing your objective, so the learner reaches its
goals.
 Time is a primary factor for both models; but the Dick and Carey Model seems
to have more steps to follow in order to complete the lesson plan objective
properly.
 ARCS model is very clear to follow on the contrary of Dick and Carey which is
more complex to understand because of the many steps to follow.
 In ARCS model the teacher personality is a big factor for the student to learn
the subject while the Dick and Carey model is the student own desire to learn.
 In ARCS model, not having the finance to pay a teacher to teach or motivate
the learner can be a issue, but not with Dick and Carey Model.

28. References
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f2q-SYS2Kbc&feature=related
 http://motivation4success.pbworks.com/w/page/21685082/FrontPage
 http://www.learning-theories.com/kellers-arcs-model-of-motivational-
design.html
 http://aupress.au.af.mil/digital/pdf/paper/ap_0010_tharp_leveraging_effective
_learning.pdf
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RafTc2Mxctk&feature=related
 http://coachsell.weebly.com/module-6-part-1.html
 http://thorndike.tc.columbia.edu/~david/MTSU4083/Readings/Task-
Driven%20ID/Dick-TheDickandCareyModel.pdf
 http://www.personal.psu.edu/wxh139/Dick_Carey.htm
 https://sites.google.com/site/rackalbean/5370-assignments/Instructional-
Design