The present perfect tense is used to talk about events that began in the past and continue in the present or have relevance in the present. The document provides the formulas for forming positive, negative, and interrogative sentences in the present perfect tense using the auxiliary verbs have and has with the past participle. Examples are given for each sentence type.

2. The present perfect tense is used
>to talk about a period of time that continues
from the past until now
>To say that the event / activity has happened /
done at the non-specific (unspecified /
indefinite time) in the past.
>To state the frequency (how often) events /
activities happening / not done at that specific
time (unspecified / indefinite time) in the past.

3. Formula for persent perfect tense
For positive sentences
Subject + have/has + past paticiple(v3)
i/we/they/you have gone
he/she/it has gone

4.  I have studied english
 They have discussed on that topic since I
come
 He has left for ten minutes
 She has sold house since two years ago

5. Formula for persent perfect tense
For negative sentences
Subject+have/has+ not+past paticiple(v3)
i/we/they/you have not gone
he/she/it has not gone

6.  I have not studied english
 They have not discussed on that topic since I
come
 He has not left for ten minutes
 She has not sold house since two years ago

7. Formula for persent perfect tense
For Interrogative negative sentences
Have/has+not+subject+past participle(v3)
have not i/we/they/you gone
has not he/she/it gone

8.  Have not you studied english?
 Have not they discussed on that topic since I
come?
 Has not he left for ten minutes?
 Has not she sold house since two years ago?

9. Formula for persent perfect tense
For Interrogative positive sentences
Have/has+subject+past participle(v3)
have i/we/they/you gone
has he/she/it gone

10.  Have you studied english?
 Have they discussed on that topic since I
come?
 Has he left for ten minutes?
 Has she sold house since two years ago?