change management and iinnovatio

1. 3/7/2016

2. Managing change and innovation
06.03.2016

3. Presented by:
Miss: Maham Muzamil.
06.03.2016

4. 06.06.2016
L E A R N I N G O U T L I N E
Forces for Change: Two Views of the Change
Process
• What is change?
• Discuss the external and internal forces for change.
• Need for change.
• Explain Lewin’s three-step model of the change process.
• Change Agents.
Managing Organizational Change
• Three categories of change.
• Characteristics of Creative People.

5. 06.03.2016
L E A R N I N G O U T L I N E
(cont’d)
Managing Change
• Explain why people resist change and how
resistance might be managed.
Contemporary Issues in Managing Change
• Explain why changing organizational culture is
so difficult and how managers can do it.
• Describe employee stress and how managers
can help employees deal with stress.
• Discuss what it takes to make change happen
successfully.

6. 06.03.2016
Stimulating Innovation
•Explain why innovation isn’t just creativity.
•Stimulating Innovation
•Systems View of Innovation
• Innovation Variables
•Creating the “Right” Environment for Innovation
L E A R N I N G O U T L I N E
(cont’d)

7. What Is Change?
 Organizational Change
– Any alterations in the people, structure, or
technology of an organization
 Characteristics of Change
– Is constant yet varies in degree and direction
– Produces uncertainty yet is not completely
unpredictable
– Creates both threats and opportunities
Managing change is an integral part
of every manager’s job.
06.03.2016.

8. Forces for Change
External forces
– Marketplace
– Governmental laws and
regulations
– Technology
– Labor market
– Economic changes
Internal forces
– Changes in
organizational strategy
– Workforce changes
– New equipment
– Employee attitudes
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9. Need for Change
● Current procedures are not up to
standard
● New idea or technology could improve
current performance
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Based on external or internal forces

10. Lewin’s change model
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Changing stage
Unfreezing stage
Refreezing stage

11. Unfreezing
3/7/2016

12. Lewin’s change model
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13. Lewin’s Model
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14. 06.03.2016
Three categories of
changes
Structure
Technology People
Three Categories
of Change

15. Three Categories of Change
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16. 06.03.2016
Types of Change
Structural
Changing an
organization’s
structural
components or
its structural
design
People
Changing
attitudes,
expectations,
perceptions,
and behaviors
of the workforce
Technological
Adopting new
equipment,
tools, or operating
methods that displace
old skills and require
new ones
Automation: replacing
certain tasks done by
people with machines
Computerization

17. Characteristics of Creative People
 Conceptual fluency
 Open-minded
 Originality
 Less authority
 Independence Self-confidence
 Persistence
 Commitment - Focused approach
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18. Managing Resistance to Change
 Why People Resist Change?
– The ambiguity and uncertainty that change
introduces
– The comfort of old habits
– A concern over personal loss of status,
money, authority, friendships, and personal
convenience
– The perception that change is incompatible
with the goals and interest of the organization
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19. Managerial Actions to Reduce
Resistance to Change
• Education and communication
• Participation
• Facilitation and support
• Negotiation
• Manipulation and co-optation
• Selecting people who accept change
• Coercion
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20. Causes of Stress
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21. Symptoms of Stress
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22. Issues in Managing Change
(cont’d)
 Making Change Happen Successfully
– Embrace change—become a change-capable
organization.
– Create a simple, compelling message explaining why
change is necessary.
– Communicate constantly and honestly.
– Foster as much employee participation as possible—get
all employees committed.
– Encourage employees to be flexible.
– Remove those who resist and cannot be changed.
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23. Characteristics of Change-
Capable Organizations
• Link the present and
the future.
• Make learning a way of
life.
• Actively support and
encourage day-to-day
improvements and
changes.
• Ensure diverse teams.
• Encourage mavericks.
• Shelter breakthroughs
• Integrate technology.
• Build and deepen trust.
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24. Stimulating Innovation
 Creativity
– The ability to combine ideas in a unique way or to
make an unusual association.
 Innovation
– Turning the outcomes of the creative process into
useful products, services, or work methods.
 Idea Champion
– Dynamic self-confident leaders who actively and
enthusiastically inspire support for new ideas, build
support, overcome resistance, and ensure that
innovations are implemented.
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25. Systems View of Innovation
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26. Innovation
Variables
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27. Creating the “Right”
Environment for Innovation
 Structural Variables
– Adopt an organic structure
– Make available resources
– Minimize extreme time pressures on
creative activities
– Provide explicit support for creativity
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28. Creating the “Right” Environment
for Innovation (cont’d)
 Cultural Variables
– Accept ambiguity
– Tolerate the impractical
– Have low external controls
– Tolerate risk taking
– Tolerate conflict
– Focus on ends rather than means
– Develop an open-system focus
– Provide positive feedback
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29. Creating the “Right” Environment for
Innovation (cont’d)
 Human Resource Variables
– Actively promote training and
development to keep employees’ skills
current.
– Offer high job security to encourage
risk taking.
– Encourage individual to be
“champions” of change.
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30. Activity Time
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31. 06.03.2016
Which of these is the first part
of the change process,
according to Lewin's model?
a) Unfreezing.
b) Driving forces.
c) Changing.
d) Refreezing.

32. 06.03.2016
The change process must begin
by informing employees about:
a) Competitors.
b) Changing consumer trends.
c) Impending government
regulations.
d) All of the above.

33. 06.03.2016
 Which of the three stages make up
Lewin's change model?
a) Unfreezing, changing, refreezing.
b) Unfreezing, implementing,
refreezing.
c) Defrosting, changing, refreezing.
d) Unfreezing, changing, cementing.

34. 06.03.2016
A person who act as a
catalyst for change is called
?
a) A secret agent.
b) A doctor.
c) Change agent.
d) A scientist.

35. 06.03.2016
Basically, how many forces of
change?
a) Three
b) Two
c) One
d) five

36. Answers
1. A
2. D
3. A
4. C
5. B
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37. 3/7/2016

38. 3/7/2016