complex adaptive systems resilience tourism development lord howe island sustainability tourism social-ecological systems world heritage fernando de noronha protected areas unesco economics socio-technical transitions islands fernando de noronha archipelago tourism clusters cooperation competition urban land teleconnectedness overshoot thresholds limits to growth migration migratory control bed-cap structure agency global-local tourist carrying capacity community empowerment natural hazards disaster risk self-organisation teoria fundamentada tourism system turismo sistemas sócio-ecológicos qualitative research anptur sistema de turismo social networks sistemas adaptativos complexos desenvolvimento turístico pesquisa qualitativa grounded theory tourist destination; tourism model tourism clustering tourism development sustainability tourism development sustainability; tourist destin
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