SlideShare uma empresa Scribd logo
1 de 8
The Role of Ulema and Mashaikh in the Pa ki stan
Movement :
T h e U l e m a a n d M a s h a i k h o f t h e I n d o - P a k s u b - c o n t i n e n t p l a ye d
a n a c t i v e r o l e i n p r o m o t i n g t h e P a k i s t a n M o v e m e n t . T h e U l e m a ’ s
t r a d i t i o n o f t h e p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n t h e p o l i t i c s i s v e r y o l d . T h e
U l e m a b e l o n g t o C h i s h t i a , Q a d r i a , N a q s h b a n d i a a n d
S o h a r w a r d i a a n d t h e i r f o l l o w e r s a c t i v e l y s u p p o r t e d t h e t w o - n a t i o n
t h e o r y w h i c h l e d t o P a k i s t a n R e s o l u t i o n . T h e p r o m i n e n t n a m e s
a m o n g s t t h e m a r e A l l a m a S h a b b i r A h m e d U s m a n i , M a u l a n a A s h r a f
A l i T h a n v i , M a u l a n a A b d u l H a m i d B a d a u n i , M u f t i M u h a m m a d S h a f i ,
M a u l a n a M u h a m m a d I b r a h i m S i a l k o t i , P i r G h u l a m M u j a d i d S i r h a n d i ,
A m i n - u l - H a s a n a t , P i r S a h i b o f M a n k i S h a r i f , P i r S a h i b o f Z a k o r i
S h a r i f , P i r J a m a a t A l i S h a h , M a u l a n a S a n a u l l a h A m r a t s a r i , M a u l a n a
R a s h e e d A h m a d G h a n g o h i , M a u l a n a M u h a m m a d
Q a s i m N a n o t a v i , H a j i Z a m a n A l i S h a h e e d a n d a l o t o f o t h e r s . I n
f a c t , t h e f o u n d a t i o n s t o n e o f P a k i s t a n M o v e m e n t w a s l a i d b y H a z r a t
M u j a d i d A l a f S a n i , S h e i k h A h m a d S i r h a n d i w h o d i d n o t h e s i t a t e t o
c o n f r o n t w i t h t h e B r i t i s h r o ya l a u t h o r i t y a n d p u t h i s l i f e a t s t a k e t o
l i g h t t h e t o r c h f o r t h e r e g e n e r a t i o n o f I s l a m i c s p i r i t . I t w a s k e p t
a l i v e , a f t e r t h e d e a t h o f t h e A u r a n g z e b A l a m g i r , b y t h e m o v e m e n t
s t a r t e d b y S h a h W a l i u l l a h . I n t h e f i r s t h a l f o f t h e 1 9 t h c e n t u r y,
S h a h A b d u l A z i z i n t e n s i f i e d i t a n d m a d e i t w i d e s p r e a d . L a t e r o n
S h a h I s m a i l S h a h e e d a n d S ye d A h m a d S h a h e e d c o n v e r t e d i t i n t o t h e
J e h a d M o v e m e n t f o r t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f a n I s l a m i c s t a t e i n t h e
s u b - c o n t i n e n t . T h e y f o u g h t a g a i n s t t h e S i k h r u l e r o f t h e P u n j a b a n d
w e r e m a r t yr e d w h i l e f i g h t i n g i n t h e v a l l e y o f B a l a k o t i n q u e s t t o
e s t a b l i s h t h e W i l l o f G o d . W i t h t h e p a s s a g e o f t i m e , t h e i d e a o f t h e
d e m a n d o f P a k i s t a n w a s c r e e p i n g i n t h e m i n d s o f t h e I n d i a n M u s l i m s
a t t h a t t i m e w h e n c o n s t i t u t i o n a l s t r u g g l e f o r t h e l i b e r a t i o n o f t h e
s u b - c o n t i n e n t h a d b e e n s t a r t e d . T h e i m p o r t a n t q u e s t i o n w h i c h b e s e t
t h e m i n d s o f t h e I n d i a n M u s l i m s w a s t h a t a f t e r t h e d e p a r t u r e o f t h e
B r i t i s h w h a t t yp e o f g o v e r n m e n t w o u l d b e s t a r t e d i n I n d i a ? . W i t h
t h e p a s s a g e o f t i m e , t h i s q u e s t i o n h a d b e c o m e m o r e a n d m o r e
s i g n i f i c a n t a n d i t d o m i n a t e d t h e m i n d s o f t h e I n d i a n M u s l i m s . B u t
t h e n a t i v e H i n d u s a l w a ys t r i e d t o t e m p o r i z e t h e m a t t e r b y s a yi n g :
a f t e r d e p a r t u r e o f t h e B r i t i s h i t w o u l d b e s e t t l e d t h r o u g h m u t u a l
a g r e e m e n t , b u t f i r s t o f a l l t h e B r i t i s h s h o u l d b e o u s t e d . T h e H i n d u s
w a n t e d t o l e a v e t h e m a t t e r a s s u c h a n d u n s e t t l e d b e f o r e t h e
d e p a r t u r e o f t h e B r i t i s h , b e c a u s e t h e y k n e w t h a t , a f t e r t h e
i n d e p e n d e n c e , t h e y w o u l d o u t n u m b e r t h e M u s l i m s a n d p u t t h e m a t
t h e i r m e r c y. B u t t h e M u s l i m s n e v e r w a n t e d t o b e d o m i n a t e d b y t h e
H i n d u s . T h e y a l w a ys w i s h e d t o h a v e a r e s p e c t a b l e p l a c e i n t h e
f u t u r e s e t u p o f t h e c o u n t r y w i t h d u e r e g a r d t o t h e i r l e g i t i m a t e
rights and religious sentiments. A f t e r t h e w a r o f 1 8 5 7 , s o m e o f t h e
U l e m a e s t a b l i s h e d religious institutions for the religious teaching so that
t h e y c o u l d p r e p a r e t h e yo u n g e r g e n e r a t i o n t o p r o t e c t t h e c a u s e o f
t h e f a i t h . S o m e o f t h e U l e m a h a d s t a r t e d u n d e r g r o u n d m o v e m e n t f o r
t h e p o l i t i c a l a n d n a t i o n a l a w a k e n i n g o f t h e M u s l i m s . F i r s t W o r l d
W a r b r o k e o u t i n 1 9 1 4 a n d t h e M u s l i m s w e r e p r o m i s e d b y t h e
B r i t i s h g o v e r n m e n t t o p r o t e c t t h e H o l y p l a c e s o f t h e M u s l i m s b u t
a f t e r t h e W a r H o l y p l a c e s w e r e n o t p r o t e c t e d . S o t h e M u s l i m s o f t h e
s u b - c o n t i n e n t s t a r t e d a m o v e m e n t . T h e m a i n o b j e c t i v e o f t h e
m o v e m e n t w a s t o c o m p e l B r i t a i n t o r e s t o r e t h e s t a t u s o f t h e S u l t a n
o f T u r k e y w h o w a s r e c o g n i z e d a s a K h a l i f a o f t h e M u s l i m W o r l d .
U n d e r t h e s e c i r c u m s t a n c e s , M a u l a n a M a h m o o d - u l - H a s s a n m a d e a
r e v o l u t i o n a r y p l a n t o o u t s e t t h e B r i t i s h r u l e r s f r o m t h e s u b -
c o n t i n e n t . T h i s p l a n c a m e t o b e k n o w n a s “ S i l k H a n k e r c h i e f
M o v e m e n t ” . T h e M u s l i m s o f t h e s u b - c o n t i n e n t s t a r t e d K h i l a f a t
M o v e m e n t u n d e r M a j l i s - i - K h i l a f a t w h i c h b e c a m e t h e e f f e c t i v e
m o v e m e n t o f t h e M u s l i m s . A l l m o s t a l l p r o m i n e n t U l e m a l i k e
M a u l a n a M u h a m m a d A l i J o u h a r , M a u l a n a S h a u k a t A l i , M a u l a n a A b u l
K a l a m A z a d , M a u l a n a Z a f a r A l i K h a n , M a u l a n a H a s a r a t M o h a n i ,
M a u l a n a A b d u l B a r i F a r a n g i M a h a l , S ye d S u l a i m a n N a d v i , M a u l a n a
A b d u l M a j i d B a d a u n i , a n d M a u l a n a H a s s a n A h m a d M a d n i j o i n e d i t .
A t t h a t t i m e U l e m a h a d n o p o l i t i c a l p l a t f o r m . N o w t h e y f e l t t h a t
t h e y m u s t g u i d e t h e M u s l i m s u n d e r t h e l i g h t o f t h e p r i n c i p l e s o f
I s l a m i n t h e i r r e l i g i o u s a n d p o l i t i c a l matters. T h e U l e m a o f D e o b a n d
h a d o r g a n i z e d a p l a t f o r m “ J a m i a t - u l - H i n d ” i n 1 9 1 9 t h r o u g h a
r e s o l u t i o n o f K h i l a f a t C o m m i t t e e w i t h t h e f o l l o w i n g o b j e c t i v e s .
T o g u i d e t h e f o l l o w e r s o f I s l a m i n p o l i t i c a l a n d n o n - p o l i t i c a l
m a t t e r s f r o m r e l i g i o u s p o i n t o f v i e w .
T o d e f e n d o n S h a r i a t g r o u n d s , I s l a m , c e n t e r s o f I s l a m ( H o l y
p l a c e s o f I s l a m a n d t h e s e a t o f K h i l a f a t ) . I s l a m i c r i t u a l s a n d
c u s t o m s , a n d I s l a m i c n a t i o n a l i s m a g a i n s t a l l o d d s i n j u r i o u s t o
t h e m .
T o e s t a b l i s h a n d p r o t e c t t h e g e n e r a l r e l i g i o u s a n d n a t i o n a l
r i g h t s o f t h e M u s l i m s .
T o o r g a n i z e t h e U l e m a o n a c o m m o n p l a t f o r m .
T o o r g a n i z e t h e M u s l i m c o m m u n i t y a n d t o l a u n c h a p r o g r a m
f o r i t s m o r a l a n d s o c i a b l e f o r m .
T h e r e s u l t o f t h e c o o p e r a t i o n o f t h e U l e m a w a s t h a t t h e K h i l a f a t
m o v e m e n t b e c a m e v e r y w i d e s p r e a d a n d p o p u l a r w i t h t h e M u s l i m s
m a s s e s . T h e p e r i o d o f t h e K h i l a f a t w a s a l s o a n e r a o f H i n d u - M u s l i m
u n i t y. D u r i n g t h e s t o r m y d a ys , b o t h t h e c o m m u n i t i e s , H i n d u s a n d
M u s l i m s w e r e d o m i n a t e d b y t h e o n l y t h o u g h t o f d r i v i n g o u t t h e
B r i t i s h f r o m I n d i a . T h e J a m i a t U l m a - i - H i n d d e c i d e d t o
c o o p e r a t e w i t h t h e H i n d u s u n c o n d i t i o n a l l y, t o a c h i e v e t h i s
o b j e c t i v e . B u t t h e r e w a s a g r o u p o f U l e m a w h o d i d n o t l i k e t h e
J a m i a t t o g i v e u n c o n d i t i o n a l s u p p o r t t o t h e C o n g r e s s . A s a r e s u l t
o f t h i s c o n t r o v e r s y a m o n g U l e m a , t h e J a m a i t w a s s p l i t i n t o t w o
g r o u p s . T h e p r o - C o n g r e s s U l e m a w e r e l e d b y M a u l a n a H u s s a i n
A h m a d M a d n i w h o l a u n c h e d a c a m p a i g n o f p r o p a g a n d a a g a i n s t t h e
M u s l i m L e a g u e . T h e a n t i - C o n g r e s s U l e m a d i s a s s o c i a t e d t h e m f r o m
t h e J a m a i t a n d r e m a i n e d a l o o f f r o m t h e C o n g r e s s m o v e m e n t . I n
1 9 3 8 , a d e l e g a t i o n w a s s e n t b y M a u l a n a A s h r a f A l i T h a n v i t o t h e
Q u a i d - i - A z a m a b o u t t h e c a u s e o f t h e p r i n c i p l e s o f I s l a m . S o t h e
a n t i - C o n g r e s s U l e m a d e c i d e d t o s u p p o r t t h e M u s l i m Le a g u e i n t h e
l i g h t o f t h e t e a c h i n g o f I s l a m . A l l I n d i a M u s l i m L e a g u e p a s s e d t h e
f o l l o w i n g r e s o l u t i o n i n i t s m e e t i n g o n 4 t h o f D e c e m b e r , 1 9 3 8 a t
D e l h i . I n e v e r y p r o v i n c e a n d d i s t r i c t w h e r e t h e s p i r i t u a l i n f l u e n c e
o f U l e m a c o u l d b e u t i l i z e d f o r t h e p u r p o s e , b r i e f F a t w a s a n d
m a n i f e s t o e s s h o u l d b e i s s u e d o n b e h a l f o f U l e m a , i n w h i c h t h e
M u s l i m s w a r n e d a g a i n s t j o i n i n g t h e C o n g r e s s a n d t h e d i s a d v a n t a g e s
f r o m r e l i g i o u s p o i n t o f v i e w o f a n y a s s o c i a t i o n w i t h t h e C o n g r e s s
s h o u l d b e c l e a r l y a n d e m p h a t i c a l l y e x p l a i n e d t o t h e m . T h e s e F a t w a s
s h o u l d b e p u b l i s h e d u n d e r t h e a u t h o r i t y o f A I M L t h r o u g h t h e a g e n c y
o f t h e l o c a l L e a g u e i n t h e l a n g u a g e o f e a c h p r o v i n c e a n d d i s t r i c t . I
( P i r z a d a , 1 9 4 7 ) . W i t h t h e p a s s a g e o f t i m e , t h e U l e m a a t t h e s u b -
c o n t i n e n t d e c i d e d t h e c a u s e o f P a k i s t a n . I n 1 9 4 0 A I M L a p p o i n t e d a
c o m m i t t e e o f t h e l e a d i n g U l e m a a n d p r o m i n e n t t h i n k e r s o f I s l a m t o
p r e p a r e a d r a f t o f t h e s ys t e m o f g o v e r n m e n t f o r i t . T h e c o m m i t t e e
c o n s i s t e d o f s u c h a g a l a x y o f s t a r s a s S ye d S u l m a n N a d v i , M a u l a n a
A b u A a l a M u d d o o d i , M a u l a n a A z a m S u b b a n i , a n d M a u l a n a A b d u l
M a j i d D a r i a A b a d i . I n 1 9 4 2 A I M L d e c l a r e d t h a t g o v e r n m e n t o f
P a k i s t a n w o u l d b e b a s e d o n p r i n c i p l e s o f t h e Q u r a n a n d S u n n a h . T h e
U l e m a w h o h a d k e p t t h e m s e l v e s a l o o f f r o m t h e C o n g r e s s m o v e m e n t s
d e c i d e d t o s u p p o r t i t . T h e y p l a ye d a v e r y v i t a l r o l e i n s t r e n g t h e n
P a k i s t a n M o v e m e n t … . . T h e p r o m i n e n t n a m e s a m o n g s t t h e p r o -
L e a g u e U l e m a w e r e M a u l a n a A s h r a f A l i , M a u l a n a S h a b b i r A h m a d
U s m a n i , M a u l a n a Z a f a r A h m a d U s m a n i a n d M u f t i M u h a m m a d S h a f i .
A t t h a t t i m e , t h e n e e d o f a n o r g a n i z a t i o n o f p r o - L e a g u e U l e m a w a s
f e l t t o s u p p o r t t h e c a u s e o f t h e P a k i s t a n M o v e m e n t . T h e r e f o r e , i n a
b i g g a t h e r i n g o f U l e m a , i n O c t o b e r 1 9 4 5 a t C a l c u t t a , J a m i a t - u l -
U l e m a I s l a m w a s f o r m e d w h i c h p r o v e d a b i g l a n d m a r k i n t h e
s t r u g g l e f o r t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f P a k i s t a n . D u e t o t h e p a r t i c i p a t i o n
o f U l e m a i n t h e M o v e m e n t , t h e o b j e c t i v e s o f P a k i s t a n M o v e m e n t
b e c a m e m o r e a n d m o r e c l e a r a n d t h e i r f o l l o w e r s j o i n e d i t f o r t h e
a c h i e v e m e n t o f P a k i s t a n . W i t h t h e p a s s a g e o f t i m e , s o m e m o r e
U l e m a d e c i d e d t o j o i n J a m i a t - u l - U l e m a I s l a m a n d i t s b r a n c h e s w e r e
e s t a b l i s h e d a l l o v e r t h e c o u n t r y. M u f t i M u h a m m a d S h a f i j o i n e d
J a m i a t - u l - U l e m a Is l a m a n d b e c a m e t h e m e m b e r o f t h e c e n t r a l
w o r k i n g c o m m i t t e e . H e w e n t a l l o u t i n s u p p o r t o f t h e P a k i s t a n .
M o v e m e n t M u f t i M u h a m m a d S h a f i s t a r t e d a m o v e m e n t w i t h p e n i n
f a v o r o f P a k i s t a n a n d w r o t e a n u m b e r o f p a m p h l e t s a n d i s s u e d a
F a t w a ( r e l i g i o u s d e c r e e ) . H e h a d c o n v i c t i o n t h a t e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f
P a k i s t a n i s i n e v i t a b l e . B e s i d e s c o n t r i b u t i n g t h r o u g h h i s w r i t i n g , h e
m a d e e x t e n s i v e t o u r s o f t h e s u b - c o n t i n e n t t o m o t i v a t e t h e M u s l i m s
i n f a v o r o f P a k i s t a n . H i s s p e e c h a n d s t a t e m e n t t o o k t h e M u s l i m s b y
s t o r m e v e r yw h e r e h e w e n t . H i s g r e a t e f f o r t s t o c o u n t e r i n f l u e n c e i n
N W F P o n t h e e v e o f t h e r e f e r e n d u m o f 1 9 4 7 a r e u n f o r g e t t a b l e . I n
t h e e l e c t i o n s 1 9 4 5 - 4 6 J a m i a t - U l e m a H i n d d e c i d e d t o s u p p o r t t h e
C o n g r e s s w h i c h h a d r e j e c t e d t h e d e m a n d o f P a k i s t a n a n d s t o o d f o r
u n i t e d I n d i a . D u r i n g t h i s c r i t i c a l j u n c t u r e , M a u l a n a S h a b b i r A h m a d
U s m a n i a l o n g w i t h h i s c o m p a n i o n s g a v e a n u n f l i n c h i n g s u p p o r t t o
t h e L e a g u e a n d p l e a d e d i n f a v o r o f t h e Q u a i d - i - A z a m a g a i n s t a l l
o p p o s i t i o n w h i c h h a d b e e n d i r e c t e d b y t h e n a t i o n a l i s t U l e m a . H e
p u b l i c a l l y a n n o u n c e d h i s c o m p l e t e a n d i r r e v o c a b l e f a i t h i n t h e
h o n e s t y a n d i n t e g r i t y o f t h e Q u a i d - i - A z a m . H e a l s o w a r n e d t h e
c o m m o n M u s l i m s a g a i n s t t h e d e s i g n s o f t h e C o n g r e s s e s U l e m a . I n
t h e e l e c t i o n o f 1 9 4 5 - 4 6 , A I M L h a d a v e r y t o u g h t i m e i n N W F P .
W h e r e “ K h a n B r o t h e r s ” w e r e i n p o w e r i n t h e p r o v i n c e . T h e
C o n g r e s s w o n t h e e l e c t i o n i n N W F P a n d s u c c e e d e d i n f o r m i n g t h e
p r o v i n c i a l g o v e r n m e n t l e d b y D r . K h a n S a h i b . A t t h e t i m e o f t h e
p a r t i t i o n o f t h e s u b - c o n t i n e n t , r e f e r e n d u m w a s h e l d i n N W F P . T h e
U l e m a a n d M a s h a i k h s p u t t h e w h o l e w e i g h t a t t h e i r s u p p o r t a n d
f o r c e i n t h e b l a n c e o f L e a g u e . T h e Q u a i d - i - A z a m s p e c i a l l y s e n t
A l l a m a S h a b b i r A h m e d U s m a n i t o N W F P . I n s u p p o r t o f t h e L e a g u e .
H e a l o n g w i t h M u f t i M u h a m m a d S h a f i , P i r S a h i b o f M a n k i S h a r i f
a n d P i r S a h i b o f Z a k o r i S h a r i f i n t e n s i f i e d t h e a c t i v i t i e s i n s u p p o r t
o f t h e M u s l i m L e a g u e . T h e y m a d e s t r o n g t o u r o f t h e p r o v i n c e a n d
t r i b a l a r e a s t o m o b i l i z e t h e s u p p o r t o f t h e M u s l i m m a s s e s f o r
P a k i s t a n . T h e i r e a r n e s t e f f o r t s s u c c e e d e d i n p a v i n g t h e w a y f o r a
l a n d s i d e v i c t o r y o f t h e L e a g u e . T h e r e f e r e n d u m w a s h e l d o n 0 6 -
J u l y, 1 9 4 7 a n d 2 8 9 , 2 4 4 v o t e s w e r e c a s t i n f a v o r o f j o i n i n g t h e N e w
C o n s t i t u e n t A s s e m b l y a s a g a i n s t U l e m a a n d M a s h i k h p l a ye d a
s t u p e n d o u s r o l e , i n t h i s v i c t o r y w h i c h i s w o r t h w r i t i n g i n g o l d e n
l e t t e r s i n t h e a n n a l s o f t h e s t r u g g l e f o r P a k i s t a n . A n o t h e r
r e f e r e n d u m o f t h e s a m e t yp e w a s t o b e h e l d i n S yl h e t B e n g a l w h i c h
w a s u n d e r p e r s o n a l i n f l u e n c e o f M a u l a n a H u s s a i n A h m e d M a d n i w h o
u s u a l l y p a s s e d t h e m o n t h o f R a m z a n i n S yl h e t . T h i s a r e a , i n f a c t
w a s u n d e r t h e p e r s o n a l i n f l u e n c e o f p r o - C o n g r e s s U l e m a . T h e r e
i n f l u e n c e c o u l d o n l y b e c o u n t e r e d t h r o u g h t h e U l e m a o f t h e s a m e
s t a t u r e a n d s i z e . M o r e o v e r , i n S yl h e t , “ T h e M u s l i m s w e r e f a c e d
w i t h a s e r i o u s h a n d i c a p , f o r t h r o u g h ” . T h e y f o r m e d 6 0 . 7 % o f
t h e p o p u l a t i o n . T h e y h a d o n l y 5 4 . 2 7 % v o t e s o f t h e t o t a l e l e c t o r a l
r o l e . T h e A I M L c h o i c e s , t o c o u n t e r t h e i n f l u e n c e o f p r o - C o n g r e s s
U l e m a f e l l o n M a u l a n a Z a f a r A h m e d U s m a n i M a u l a n a w a s
v e r y p o p u l a r a m o n g s t t h e M u s l i m s o f B e n g a l a n d A s s a m o n a c c o u n t
o f h i s l e a r n i n g , p i e t y a n d c a n d i d n e s s . H e t o u r e d S yl h e t a n d s p e n t
t h e H o l y m o n t h o f R a m z a n a n d e x p l a i n e d t h e i m p o r t a n c e a n d n e e d o f
P a k i s t a n f o r t h e M u s l i m s . H e w o r k e d h a r d t o o r g a n i z e t h e m a n d
g e n e r a t e s u p p o r t f o r P a k i s t a n . T h u s t h e s ys t e m a t i c a n d o r g a n i z e d
c a m p a i g n o f t h e l e a g u e i n w h i c h M a u l a n a Z a f a r A h m e d U s m a n i
a l o n g w i t h o t h e r U l e m a p l a ye d v i t a l r o l e , r e s u l t e d i n a d e c i s i v e
v i c t o r y f o r h e r . T h e v o t i n g w a s 2 3 9 , 6 1 9 f o r s e p a r a t i o n a n d j o i n i n g
E a s t B a n g a l . T h e m o s t p r o m i n e n t n a m e a m o n g t h e U l e m a w a s
P i r J a m a t A l i S h a h w h o h a d m i l l i o n s o f f o l l o w e r s i n t h e c o u n t r y. H e
w a s a s t a u n c h s u p p o r t e r o f t h e A l i g a r h M o v e m e n t f o r w h i c h h e
c o n t r i b u t e d L a k e s o f R u p e e s . 6 ( N a w a - i - W a q a t 1 9 8 2 ) . In s p i t e o f h i s
o l d a g e a n d w e a k h e a l t h P i r J a m a t A l i s h a h t o u r e d t h r o u g h o u t t h e
c o u n t r y t o g e t t h e s u p p o r t o f A I M L a n d P a k i s t a n . A f t e r t h e p a s s a g e
o f L a h o r e R e s o l u t i o n h e g a v e a n a l l o u t s u p p o r t t o t h e Q u a i d - i -
A z a m f o r t h e a c h i e v e m e n t o f P a k i s t a n . H e m a d e i n t e n s i v e t o u r s o f
t h e c o u n t r y t o g e n e r a t e s u p p o r t f o r t h e A I M L . H e a d v i s e d h i s
f o l l o w e r s t o w o r k f o r t h e A I M L a n d e m p h a t i c a l l y d e c l a r e d t h a t h e
w o u l d n o t l e a d t h e f u n e r a l p r a y e r s o f a n y d e v o t e e i f h e h a d
n o t p a r t i c i p a t e d i n t h e P a k i s t a n M o v e m e n t i n a n y c a p a c i t y. 7 ( N a w - i -
W a q a t ) . P i r J a m a t A l i S h a h s u p p o r t e d A L M L d u r i n g t h e e l e c t i o n s
1 9 4 5 - 4 6 . H i s s i n c e r e c a m p a i g n i n t h e e l e c t i o n o f 1 9 4 5 - 4 6 r e s u l t e d
i n g r a n d s u c c e s s o f A I M L c a n d i d a t e s . H e a t t e n d e d A l l I n d i a S u n n i
C o n f e r e n c e h e l d i n B a n a r a s o n 3 0 t h A p r i l , 1 9 4 6 a n d p a s s e d t h e
f o l l o w i n g r e s o l u t i o n . T h e s e s s i o n o f A l l I n d i a S u n n i C o n f e r e n c e
f u l l y s u p p o r t s t h e d e m a n d f o r P a k i s t a n a n d d e c l a r e s t h a t U l e m a a n d
M a s h a i k h s b e l o n g t o E h l - S u n a t - W a l - J a m a t w i l l m a k e e v e r y p o s s i b l e
s a c r i f i c e f o r t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f a n I s l a m i c g o v e r n m e n t . They take
it as their responsibility to establish a g o v e r n m e n t a c c o r d i n g t o t h e
I s l a m i c j u r i s p r u d e n c e b a s e d o n t h e H o l y Q u r a n a n d S u n n a ” . I n t h i s
c o n f e r e n c e s o m e n a t i o n a l i s t U l e m a c r i t i c i z e d t h e Q u a i d - i - A z a m . P i r
J a m a t A l i S h a h d e f e n d e d h i m b y s a yi n g . “ T h i n k o f J i n n a h S a h i b
w h a t e v e r yo u l i k e , b u t I s a y t h a t J i n n a h S a h i b i s W a l i u l l a h . P i r
J a m a t A l i S h a h p r e v i o u s l y l e d M a s j i d S h a h e e d M o v e m e n t f o r w h i c h
t h e M u s l i m s h a d g i v e n h i m t h e t i t l e o f “ A m i r - i - M i l l a t ” . D u r i n g
r e f e r e n d u m i n 1 9 4 7 i n N W F P h e a l s o v i s i t e d t h e p r o v i n c e a n d
m u s t e r e d h i s s u p p o r t f o r A I M L . W h i l e p r e s i d i n g o v e r a s e s s i o n o f
J a m i a t - u l - U l e m a – i - I s l a m P u n j a b , P i r J a m a t A l i S h a h S a i d . “ B o t h
t h e G o v e r n m e n t a n d t h e C o n g r e s s s h o u l d c a r e f u l l y n o t e t h a t t h e
M u s l i m s h a v e s h a k e n o f f t h e i r l e t h a r g y n o w s t a n d a w a k e n e d t h e y
h a v e d e t e r m i n e d t h e i r g o a l o f P a k i s t a n , a n d n o p o w e r o n e a r t h c o u l d
f a i l t h e P a k i s t a n M o v e m e n t . “ T h e c r e d i t o f m a k i n g t h e P a k i s t a n
M o v e m e n t a s u c c e s s g o e s t o P i r S a h i b o f M a n k i S h a r i f . H e j o i n e d
A I M L i n 1 9 4 5 . W h e n K h a n A b d u l G h a f f a r K h a n a n d h i s f o l l o w e r s
w e r e t r yi n g t o f a i l t h e P a k i s t a n M o v e m e n t . T h o u s a n d s o f P i r S a h i b
o f M a n k i S h a r i f f o l l o w e r s w o r k e d f o r p r o m o t i n g t h e c a u s e o f
P a k i s t a n M o v e m e n t . I n N W F P . , a s e c r e t m e e t i n g o f M a s h a i k h o f
N W F P a n d P u n j a b w a s h e l d a t P e s h a w a r i n 1 9 4 5 . T h i s m e e t i n g w a s
a r r a n g e d b y P i r S a h i b o f M a n k i S h a r i f . I n t h i s m e e t i n g , h e s a i d t h a t
P a k i s t a n w a s t h e o n l y s o u r c e o f h o n o r a n d f r e e d o m f o r t h e M u s l i m s
o f I n d o - P a k - s u b - c o n t i n e n t . H e a p p e a l e d t o M a s h a i k h t o j o i n t h e
M u s l i m Le a g u e . H e a l s o a t t e n d e d A l l I n d i a S u n n i C o n f e r e n c e a n d
s p o k e c o n t i n u o u s l y f o r t w o a n d a h a l f h o u r a n d m a d e t h e f o l l o w i n g
h i s t o r i c a l a n n o u n c e m e n t . “ I h a v e m a d e i t c l e a r t o t h e Q u a i d - i - A z a m
t h a t i f a t a n y s t a g e h e d e c e i v e d t h e M u s l i m s o r t r i e d t o i n t r o d u c e i n
P a k i s t a n a s ys t e m o t h e r t h a n I s l a m , M a s h a i k h a n d h i s f o l l o w e r s
w o u l d n o t a c c e p t h i s l e a d e r s h i p ” 1 0 ( R i a z - u l - H a q 1 9 8 0 ) . In t h e
r e f e r e n d u m o f N W F P h e c o n v i n c e d t h e p e o p l e t o c a s t t h e i r v o t e s i n
f a v o r o f P a k i s t a n . T h e i n v a l u a b l e s e r v i c e s w h i c h h e r e n d e r e d t o t h e
A I M L d u r i n g t h e r e f e r e n d u m i n N W F P w o u l d n e v e r b e f o r g o t t e n .
D u r i n g t h e p e a k d a ys o f t h e e l e c t i o n c a m p a i g n , S h a m a s - u l - U l e m a
K h a w a j a H a s s a n N i z a m i o f T o u n s a S h a r i f i s s u e d t h e f o l l o w i n g
s t a t e m e n t . “ P i r G h u l a m M o h a y - u d - D i n , S a j j a d a N a s h e e n o f H a z r a t
P i r M e h a r A l i S h a h h a d o r d e r e d h i s f o l l o w e r s t o s i d e w i t h t h e
M u s l i m L e a g u e . T h e J a m i t - u l - U l e m a - i - I s l a m a t C a l c u t t a h a d a l s o
g i v e n a F a t w a a s s e r t i n g a l l t h e M u s l i m s t o s u p p o r t t h e Le a g u e a n d
h e w h o d o e s n o t a b i d e b y i t w o u l d b e s i n f u l . A n o t h e r M a s h i a k h o f
M a u l a n a F a z a l S h a h , S a j j a d a N a s h i n o f J a l a l p u r S h a r i f , a p p e a l i n g
t h e M u s l i m C o m m u n i t y s a i d . “ I n t e r e s t o f t h e M i l l a t d e m a n d s f r o m
e v e r y M u s l i m t o v o t e f o r A I M L . ’ ’ T h e d e s c e n d e n t s o f H a z r a t M u j d i d
A l f - S a n i p l a ye d a m a g n i f i c e n t r o l e f o r p r o m o t i n g t h e c a u s e o f
P a k i s t a n M o v e m e n t i n S i n d h . H a z r a t G h u l a m M u j a d i d S i r h i n d i w a s
r e n o w n e d s c h o l a r o f I s l a m i c s . H e a l i g n e d h i m s e l f w i t h t h e Q u a i d - i -
A z a m i n h i s m i s s i o n f o r a c h i e v i n g a n i n d e p e n d e n t s t a t e f o r t h e
M u s l i m s a n d a m a l g a m a t e d h i s s o c i e t y. “ J a m i a t - u l - M a s h a i k h ” w i t h
A I M L . T h i s o r g a n i z a t i o n w a s m e r g e d i n t o t h e A I M L o n t h e c a l l
o f t h e Q u a i d - i - A z a m . A n o t h e r p e r s o n a l i t y f r o m S i n d h w h o h a d
s t r o n g c o n t r i b u t i o n d u r i n g t h e P a k i s t a n M o v e m e n t w a s S h a i k h A b d u l
M a j e e d S i n d h i . H e e m b r a c e d I s l a m a t a n e a r l y a g e a n d a f t e r t h a t h e
b e c a m e a s t a u n c h M u s l i m a n d w o r k e d f o r t h e w e l f a r e o f I n d i a n
M u s l i m s . S h a i k h A b d u l M a j e e d S i n d h i w a s a p r o l i f i c w r i t e r a n d h e
u s e d t h e s h a r p s h a f t s o f h i s p e n a g a i n s t H i n d u m o n e y l e n d e r s ,
S i n d h i v e d e r a s a n d t h e B r i t i s h . H e w a s s i n c e r e s u p p o r t e r o f t h e
P a k i s t a n M o v e m e n t . M a u l a n a A b d u l H a m i d B a d a yu n i h a d a n a c t i v e
p a r t i n K h i l a f a t M o v e m e n t . H e m a d e a c o u n t r yw i d e t o u r i n
o p p o s i t i o n t o N e h r u R e p o r t . M a u l a n a A b d u l H a m i d B a d a yu n i
s u p p o r t e d a n d s e c o n d e d t h e L a h o r e R e s o l u t i o n o n b e h a l f o f U l e m a
a n d M a s h a i k h . I n 1 9 4 5 , h e t o u r e d N W F P a n d P u n a j b i n c o n n e c t i o n
w i t h e l e c t i o n c a m p a i g n i n f a v o r o f A I M L c a n d i d a t e s . H e a l s o w e n t
t o B a l u c h i s t a n a n d N W F P f o r t h e p r o p a g a t i o n o f P a k i s t a n M o v e m e n t
o n t h e r e q u e s t o f P i r S h a h i b o f M a n k i S h a r i f . M a u l a n a A b d u l H a m i d
B a d a yu n i m e t t h e N i z a m o f D e c c a n a n d p e r s u a d e d h i m t o h a v e a
m e e t i n g w i t h t h e Q u a i d - i - A z a m . I n 1 9 4 6 h e p e r f o r m e d t h e d u t i e s o f
t h e s e c r e t a r y o f t h e d e l e g a t i o n o f U l e m a w h i c h w a s s e n t t o S a u d i
A b r a b i a a n d M i d d l e E a s t t o m a k e t h e M u s l i m w o r l d a w a r e o f
P a k i s t a n M o v e m e n t . K h a w a j a Q a m a r - u d - D i n S a ya l v i , w a s a n a c t i v e
s u p p o r t e r o f t h e P a k i s t a n M o v e m e n t . H e w a s v e r y i n f l u e n t i a l i n h i s
r e g i o n . H e f i r m l y s t o o d a g a i n s t T i w a n a s w h o w e r e t r yi n g t o d e f e a t
t h e A I M L c a n d i d a t e s i n t h e i r c o n s t i t u e n c i e s . I t w a s d u e t o K h a w a j a
S a h i b E f f o r t s t h a t M u s l i m L e a g u e c a n d i d a t e s w o n 1 0 0 % s e a t s i n
d i s t r i c t s J h a n g a n d S a r g o d h a . H e w a s a g e n e r o u s , s i n c e r e a n d
s p i r i t u a l l e a d e r w h o h a d d e v o t e d h i s l i f e f o r t h e g l o r y o f I s l a m a n d
t h e P a k i s t a n M o v e m e n t . T h e r e w e r e s o m a n y o t h e r s c h o l a r s a n d
M a s h a i k h w h o d e v o t e d t h e i r l i f e f o r t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f P a k i s t a n .
S a j j a d a N a s h i n D i w a n - A a l - i - R a s o o l o f A j m e r S h a r i f a p p e a l e d t o t h e
M a s h i a k h i n t h e n a m e o f K h a w a j a M o e e n - u d - D i n C h i s h t i t o g i v e
t h e i r G a d d i s a n d j o i n A IM L t o m a t e r i a l i z e t h e d r e a m o f
P a k i s t a n . N e a r l y a l l t h e s c h o l a r s o f B r e l v i s c h o o l o f t h o u g h t
a c t i v e l y w o r k e d f o r t h e c a u s e o f P a k i s t a n . T h e m o s t r e n o w n e d
U l e m a o f t h e m w e r e M a u l a n a N a e e m - u d - D i n , M a u l a n a A b d u l H a s n a t
M a h m o o d A l i , M a u l a n a G h u l a m M u h a m m a d T a r a n n u m , M u f t i G h u l a m
M o e e n - u d - D i n , M a u l a n a A b d u l G h a f o o r H a z a r v i , M a u l a n a S a n a u l l a h
A m r i t s a r i , M a u l a n a M u h a m m a d I b r a h i m S i a l k o t i a n d M a u l a n a F a z a l
I l a h i W a z i r a b a d i w e r e a m o n g s t t h e m . U l e m a a n d M a s h a i k h
c o m p l e t e l y c h a n g e d t h e a t m o s p h e r e d u r i n g t h e P a k i s t a n M o v e m e n t
a n d m a d e t h e t o u g h t a s k o f t h e Q u a i d - i - A z a m e a s i e r a n d u l t i m a t e l y
P a k i s t a n c a m e i n t o b e i n g .
References:
A h m a d , J a m i l - u d - D i n . C r e a t i o n o f P a k i s t a n , P u b l i s h e r U n i t e d L t d
L a h o r e , 1 9 7 6 , p p : 3 5 4 . D a v i d , G i l m a r t i n . E m p i r e a n d Is l a m . P u n j a b
a n d t h e M a k i n g o f P a k i s t a n U n i v e r s i t y o f C a l i f o r n i a P r e s s B e r k l e y.
1 9 8 8 , p p : 2 1 6 . N a d v i , R a e e s A h m e d J a f f e r y. Q u a i d A z a m A u r U n k a
E h a d . M a q b o o l A c a d e m y L a h o r e , 1 9 6 6 , p p : 4 0 5 . N a w a - i - W a q t ,
O c t o b e r 1 7 , 1 9 8 2 L a h o r e . P i r z a d a , S ye d S h a r i f - u d - d i n . F o u n d a t i o n
o f A l l I n d i a M u s l i m L e a g u e D o c u m e n t s V o l - I I I 1 9 0 6 - 4 7 . R o y a l B o o k
C o m p a n y, K a r a c h i , 1 9 9 0 , p p : 2 8 6 . Q u r e s h i , I s h t i a q H u s s a i n . T h e
S t r u g g l e f o r P a k i s t a n . U n i v e r s i t y o f K a r a c h i . 1 9 6 9 , p p : 3 0 1 . R a h ,
T h e C h i r a g h - i - . N a z r i a P a k i s t a n N u m b e r , K a r a c h i , 1 9 6 0 , p p :
2 3 3 . H a q , R a z a - u l . S t a r B o o k D e p o t U r d u B a z a r L a h o r e , 1 9 8 0 .

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Mais procurados

Muslim advent
Muslim adventMuslim advent
Muslim adventAli Raza
 
Pakistan movement presentation
Pakistan movement presentation   Pakistan movement presentation
Pakistan movement presentation Hamza Saleem
 
Objective resolution 1949 - Pakistan
Objective resolution 1949 - PakistanObjective resolution 1949 - Pakistan
Objective resolution 1949 - PakistanFaHaD .H. NooR
 
Constitutional devolopment in pakistan 1947 to 18th Amenment.
Constitutional devolopment in pakistan 1947 to 18th Amenment.Constitutional devolopment in pakistan 1947 to 18th Amenment.
Constitutional devolopment in pakistan 1947 to 18th Amenment.Dr Tahir Jamil
 
General® pervez musharraf
General® pervez musharrafGeneral® pervez musharraf
General® pervez musharrafHassan Nizam
 
Urdu hindi controversy
Urdu hindi controversyUrdu hindi controversy
Urdu hindi controversyDildar Ali
 
Foreign policy of Pakistan, objectives, determinants and principles
Foreign policy of Pakistan, objectives, determinants and principlesForeign policy of Pakistan, objectives, determinants and principles
Foreign policy of Pakistan, objectives, determinants and principlesfida hussain
 
Lahore Resolution..
Lahore Resolution..Lahore Resolution..
Lahore Resolution..Huba Akhtar
 
Separation of east pakistan
Separation of east pakistanSeparation of east pakistan
Separation of east pakistanfarazmajeed27
 
Pakistan Foreign Policy...Its objectives and Principles
Pakistan Foreign Policy...Its objectives and PrinciplesPakistan Foreign Policy...Its objectives and Principles
Pakistan Foreign Policy...Its objectives and PrinciplesShefa Idrees
 
Foreign Policy of Pakistan
Foreign Policy of PakistanForeign Policy of Pakistan
Foreign Policy of PakistanSaba Noor
 
Constitution of Pakistan and Peoples Rights
Constitution of Pakistan and Peoples RightsConstitution of Pakistan and Peoples Rights
Constitution of Pakistan and Peoples RightsNazeer Mahar
 
Causes of fall of east pakistan
Causes of fall of east pakistanCauses of fall of east pakistan
Causes of fall of east pakistanishaq_744
 
Shaikh Ahmad Sarhindi.pptx
Shaikh Ahmad Sarhindi.pptxShaikh Ahmad Sarhindi.pptx
Shaikh Ahmad Sarhindi.pptxRiyaBatool
 
Salient features of Islamic state
Salient features of Islamic stateSalient features of Islamic state
Salient features of Islamic stateSami Uddin
 

Mais procurados (20)

Lahore resolution
Lahore resolutionLahore resolution
Lahore resolution
 
Muslim advent
Muslim adventMuslim advent
Muslim advent
 
Lecture 17 ayub khan period (1958 1969) - copy
Lecture 17 ayub khan period (1958 1969) - copyLecture 17 ayub khan period (1958 1969) - copy
Lecture 17 ayub khan period (1958 1969) - copy
 
Pakistan movement presentation
Pakistan movement presentation   Pakistan movement presentation
Pakistan movement presentation
 
Objective resolution 1949 - Pakistan
Objective resolution 1949 - PakistanObjective resolution 1949 - Pakistan
Objective resolution 1949 - Pakistan
 
Constitutional devolopment in pakistan 1947 to 18th Amenment.
Constitutional devolopment in pakistan 1947 to 18th Amenment.Constitutional devolopment in pakistan 1947 to 18th Amenment.
Constitutional devolopment in pakistan 1947 to 18th Amenment.
 
Objective resolution
Objective resolutionObjective resolution
Objective resolution
 
General® pervez musharraf
General® pervez musharrafGeneral® pervez musharraf
General® pervez musharraf
 
Urdu hindi controversy
Urdu hindi controversyUrdu hindi controversy
Urdu hindi controversy
 
Foreign policy of Pakistan, objectives, determinants and principles
Foreign policy of Pakistan, objectives, determinants and principlesForeign policy of Pakistan, objectives, determinants and principles
Foreign policy of Pakistan, objectives, determinants and principles
 
Lecture 11 indian act 1935 and congress ministries
Lecture 11 indian act 1935 and congress ministriesLecture 11 indian act 1935 and congress ministries
Lecture 11 indian act 1935 and congress ministries
 
Lahore Resolution..
Lahore Resolution..Lahore Resolution..
Lahore Resolution..
 
Separation of east pakistan
Separation of east pakistanSeparation of east pakistan
Separation of east pakistan
 
Pakistan Foreign Policy...Its objectives and Principles
Pakistan Foreign Policy...Its objectives and PrinciplesPakistan Foreign Policy...Its objectives and Principles
Pakistan Foreign Policy...Its objectives and Principles
 
Foreign Policy of Pakistan
Foreign Policy of PakistanForeign Policy of Pakistan
Foreign Policy of Pakistan
 
Constitution of Pakistan and Peoples Rights
Constitution of Pakistan and Peoples RightsConstitution of Pakistan and Peoples Rights
Constitution of Pakistan and Peoples Rights
 
Causes of fall of east pakistan
Causes of fall of east pakistanCauses of fall of east pakistan
Causes of fall of east pakistan
 
Executive
Executive Executive
Executive
 
Shaikh Ahmad Sarhindi.pptx
Shaikh Ahmad Sarhindi.pptxShaikh Ahmad Sarhindi.pptx
Shaikh Ahmad Sarhindi.pptx
 
Salient features of Islamic state
Salient features of Islamic stateSalient features of Islamic state
Salient features of Islamic state
 

Semelhante a The Role of Ulema and Mashaikh in the Pakistan Movement

INVISIBLE PATH FOR VISIBLE NEEDS - Thelma Vilas Boas
INVISIBLE PATH FOR VISIBLE NEEDS - Thelma Vilas BoasINVISIBLE PATH FOR VISIBLE NEEDS - Thelma Vilas Boas
INVISIBLE PATH FOR VISIBLE NEEDS - Thelma Vilas BoasOdai Mami
 
Focusing on the quality of mobile app is important how to go about it
Focusing on the quality of mobile app is important how to go about itFocusing on the quality of mobile app is important how to go about it
Focusing on the quality of mobile app is important how to go about itJai Mehta
 
2011 Annual Report
2011 Annual Report2011 Annual Report
2011 Annual ReportNOWCastSA
 
What are the types of glass pipes
What are the types of glass pipesWhat are the types of glass pipes
What are the types of glass pipesChameleon Glass
 
Color schemes for kitchen tiles Mohit Bansal Chandigarh.PDF
Color schemes for kitchen tiles Mohit Bansal Chandigarh.PDFColor schemes for kitchen tiles Mohit Bansal Chandigarh.PDF
Color schemes for kitchen tiles Mohit Bansal Chandigarh.PDFMohit Bansal Chandigarh
 
Theories of Urbanism Project 3 : Comparative Analysis
Theories of Urbanism Project 3 : Comparative AnalysisTheories of Urbanism Project 3 : Comparative Analysis
Theories of Urbanism Project 3 : Comparative AnalysisAdibah Awang
 
Operatives of Top Sales Professionals
Operatives of Top Sales ProfessionalsOperatives of Top Sales Professionals
Operatives of Top Sales Professionalsjulytang
 
Fustel happiness day!
Fustel happiness day! Fustel happiness day!
Fustel happiness day! Roland Garros
 
Academy for Environmental Management and Sustainable Development -Internation...
Academy for Environmental Management and Sustainable Development -Internation...Academy for Environmental Management and Sustainable Development -Internation...
Academy for Environmental Management and Sustainable Development -Internation...Ram Khadka
 
Apps for Good competition 2014 Entry
Apps for Good competition 2014 EntryApps for Good competition 2014 Entry
Apps for Good competition 2014 EntrySadiyah07
 
Check list for tenants
Check list for tenantsCheck list for tenants
Check list for tenantsMultiflats123
 
74 Chapter 2 Education and Learning k n e w c o u l d w r .docx
74 Chapter 2 Education and Learning k n e w c o u l d w r .docx74 Chapter 2 Education and Learning k n e w c o u l d w r .docx
74 Chapter 2 Education and Learning k n e w c o u l d w r .docxpriestmanmable
 
74 Chapter 2 Education and Learning k n e w c o u l d w r .docx
74 Chapter 2 Education and Learning k n e w c o u l d w r .docx74 Chapter 2 Education and Learning k n e w c o u l d w r .docx
74 Chapter 2 Education and Learning k n e w c o u l d w r .docxblondellchancy
 
The Official State Office Known As Person
The Official State Office Known As Person The Official State Office Known As Person
The Official State Office Known As Person Chuck Thompson
 
Top Amazon Seller Software That Can Help Optimize Your Business
Top Amazon Seller Software That Can Help Optimize Your BusinessTop Amazon Seller Software That Can Help Optimize Your Business
Top Amazon Seller Software That Can Help Optimize Your BusinessFBA Multitool
 
Memoirs Of A Geisha
Memoirs Of A GeishaMemoirs Of A Geisha
Memoirs Of A Geishaudayspace
 

Semelhante a The Role of Ulema and Mashaikh in the Pakistan Movement (20)

INVISIBLE PATH FOR VISIBLE NEEDS - Thelma Vilas Boas
INVISIBLE PATH FOR VISIBLE NEEDS - Thelma Vilas BoasINVISIBLE PATH FOR VISIBLE NEEDS - Thelma Vilas Boas
INVISIBLE PATH FOR VISIBLE NEEDS - Thelma Vilas Boas
 
hemp_fitted_sheets .pdf
hemp_fitted_sheets .pdfhemp_fitted_sheets .pdf
hemp_fitted_sheets .pdf
 
Focusing on the quality of mobile app is important how to go about it
Focusing on the quality of mobile app is important how to go about itFocusing on the quality of mobile app is important how to go about it
Focusing on the quality of mobile app is important how to go about it
 
2011 Annual Report
2011 Annual Report2011 Annual Report
2011 Annual Report
 
What are the types of glass pipes
What are the types of glass pipesWhat are the types of glass pipes
What are the types of glass pipes
 
Color schemes for kitchen tiles Mohit Bansal Chandigarh.PDF
Color schemes for kitchen tiles Mohit Bansal Chandigarh.PDFColor schemes for kitchen tiles Mohit Bansal Chandigarh.PDF
Color schemes for kitchen tiles Mohit Bansal Chandigarh.PDF
 
Theories of Urbanism Project 3 : Comparative Analysis
Theories of Urbanism Project 3 : Comparative AnalysisTheories of Urbanism Project 3 : Comparative Analysis
Theories of Urbanism Project 3 : Comparative Analysis
 
Operatives of Top Sales Professionals
Operatives of Top Sales ProfessionalsOperatives of Top Sales Professionals
Operatives of Top Sales Professionals
 
3.docx
3.docx3.docx
3.docx
 
Fustel happiness day!
Fustel happiness day! Fustel happiness day!
Fustel happiness day!
 
Academy for Environmental Management and Sustainable Development -Internation...
Academy for Environmental Management and Sustainable Development -Internation...Academy for Environmental Management and Sustainable Development -Internation...
Academy for Environmental Management and Sustainable Development -Internation...
 
Apps for Good competition 2014 Entry
Apps for Good competition 2014 EntryApps for Good competition 2014 Entry
Apps for Good competition 2014 Entry
 
Check list for tenants
Check list for tenantsCheck list for tenants
Check list for tenants
 
Mudra o madrasta ppt
Mudra o madrasta pptMudra o madrasta ppt
Mudra o madrasta ppt
 
74 Chapter 2 Education and Learning k n e w c o u l d w r .docx
74 Chapter 2 Education and Learning k n e w c o u l d w r .docx74 Chapter 2 Education and Learning k n e w c o u l d w r .docx
74 Chapter 2 Education and Learning k n e w c o u l d w r .docx
 
74 Chapter 2 Education and Learning k n e w c o u l d w r .docx
74 Chapter 2 Education and Learning k n e w c o u l d w r .docx74 Chapter 2 Education and Learning k n e w c o u l d w r .docx
74 Chapter 2 Education and Learning k n e w c o u l d w r .docx
 
The Official State Office Known As Person
The Official State Office Known As Person The Official State Office Known As Person
The Official State Office Known As Person
 
2.docx
2.docx2.docx
2.docx
 
Top Amazon Seller Software That Can Help Optimize Your Business
Top Amazon Seller Software That Can Help Optimize Your BusinessTop Amazon Seller Software That Can Help Optimize Your Business
Top Amazon Seller Software That Can Help Optimize Your Business
 
Memoirs Of A Geisha
Memoirs Of A GeishaMemoirs Of A Geisha
Memoirs Of A Geisha
 

Mais de babak danyal

Easy Steps to implement UDP Server and Client Sockets
Easy Steps to implement UDP Server and Client SocketsEasy Steps to implement UDP Server and Client Sockets
Easy Steps to implement UDP Server and Client Socketsbabak danyal
 
Java IO Package and Streams
Java IO Package and StreamsJava IO Package and Streams
Java IO Package and Streamsbabak danyal
 
Swing and Graphical User Interface in Java
Swing and Graphical User Interface in JavaSwing and Graphical User Interface in Java
Swing and Graphical User Interface in Javababak danyal
 
block ciphers and the des
block ciphers and the desblock ciphers and the des
block ciphers and the desbabak danyal
 
key distribution in network security
key distribution in network securitykey distribution in network security
key distribution in network securitybabak danyal
 
Lecture10 Signal and Systems
Lecture10 Signal and SystemsLecture10 Signal and Systems
Lecture10 Signal and Systemsbabak danyal
 
Lecture8 Signal and Systems
Lecture8 Signal and SystemsLecture8 Signal and Systems
Lecture8 Signal and Systemsbabak danyal
 
Lecture7 Signal and Systems
Lecture7 Signal and SystemsLecture7 Signal and Systems
Lecture7 Signal and Systemsbabak danyal
 
Lecture6 Signal and Systems
Lecture6 Signal and SystemsLecture6 Signal and Systems
Lecture6 Signal and Systemsbabak danyal
 
Lecture5 Signal and Systems
Lecture5 Signal and SystemsLecture5 Signal and Systems
Lecture5 Signal and Systemsbabak danyal
 
Lecture4 Signal and Systems
Lecture4  Signal and SystemsLecture4  Signal and Systems
Lecture4 Signal and Systemsbabak danyal
 
Lecture3 Signal and Systems
Lecture3 Signal and SystemsLecture3 Signal and Systems
Lecture3 Signal and Systemsbabak danyal
 
Lecture2 Signal and Systems
Lecture2 Signal and SystemsLecture2 Signal and Systems
Lecture2 Signal and Systemsbabak danyal
 
Lecture1 Intro To Signa
Lecture1 Intro To SignaLecture1 Intro To Signa
Lecture1 Intro To Signababak danyal
 
Lecture9 Signal and Systems
Lecture9 Signal and SystemsLecture9 Signal and Systems
Lecture9 Signal and Systemsbabak danyal
 
Cns 13f-lec03- Classical Encryption Techniques
Cns 13f-lec03- Classical Encryption TechniquesCns 13f-lec03- Classical Encryption Techniques
Cns 13f-lec03- Classical Encryption Techniquesbabak danyal
 
Classical Encryption Techniques in Network Security
Classical Encryption Techniques in Network SecurityClassical Encryption Techniques in Network Security
Classical Encryption Techniques in Network Securitybabak danyal
 

Mais de babak danyal (20)

applist
applistapplist
applist
 
Easy Steps to implement UDP Server and Client Sockets
Easy Steps to implement UDP Server and Client SocketsEasy Steps to implement UDP Server and Client Sockets
Easy Steps to implement UDP Server and Client Sockets
 
Java IO Package and Streams
Java IO Package and StreamsJava IO Package and Streams
Java IO Package and Streams
 
Swing and Graphical User Interface in Java
Swing and Graphical User Interface in JavaSwing and Graphical User Interface in Java
Swing and Graphical User Interface in Java
 
Tcp sockets
Tcp socketsTcp sockets
Tcp sockets
 
block ciphers and the des
block ciphers and the desblock ciphers and the des
block ciphers and the des
 
key distribution in network security
key distribution in network securitykey distribution in network security
key distribution in network security
 
Lecture10 Signal and Systems
Lecture10 Signal and SystemsLecture10 Signal and Systems
Lecture10 Signal and Systems
 
Lecture8 Signal and Systems
Lecture8 Signal and SystemsLecture8 Signal and Systems
Lecture8 Signal and Systems
 
Lecture7 Signal and Systems
Lecture7 Signal and SystemsLecture7 Signal and Systems
Lecture7 Signal and Systems
 
Lecture6 Signal and Systems
Lecture6 Signal and SystemsLecture6 Signal and Systems
Lecture6 Signal and Systems
 
Lecture5 Signal and Systems
Lecture5 Signal and SystemsLecture5 Signal and Systems
Lecture5 Signal and Systems
 
Lecture4 Signal and Systems
Lecture4  Signal and SystemsLecture4  Signal and Systems
Lecture4 Signal and Systems
 
Lecture3 Signal and Systems
Lecture3 Signal and SystemsLecture3 Signal and Systems
Lecture3 Signal and Systems
 
Lecture2 Signal and Systems
Lecture2 Signal and SystemsLecture2 Signal and Systems
Lecture2 Signal and Systems
 
Lecture1 Intro To Signa
Lecture1 Intro To SignaLecture1 Intro To Signa
Lecture1 Intro To Signa
 
Lecture9 Signal and Systems
Lecture9 Signal and SystemsLecture9 Signal and Systems
Lecture9 Signal and Systems
 
Lecture9
Lecture9Lecture9
Lecture9
 
Cns 13f-lec03- Classical Encryption Techniques
Cns 13f-lec03- Classical Encryption TechniquesCns 13f-lec03- Classical Encryption Techniques
Cns 13f-lec03- Classical Encryption Techniques
 
Classical Encryption Techniques in Network Security
Classical Encryption Techniques in Network SecurityClassical Encryption Techniques in Network Security
Classical Encryption Techniques in Network Security
 

The Role of Ulema and Mashaikh in the Pakistan Movement

  • 1. The Role of Ulema and Mashaikh in the Pa ki stan Movement : T h e U l e m a a n d M a s h a i k h o f t h e I n d o - P a k s u b - c o n t i n e n t p l a ye d a n a c t i v e r o l e i n p r o m o t i n g t h e P a k i s t a n M o v e m e n t . T h e U l e m a ’ s t r a d i t i o n o f t h e p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n t h e p o l i t i c s i s v e r y o l d . T h e U l e m a b e l o n g t o C h i s h t i a , Q a d r i a , N a q s h b a n d i a a n d S o h a r w a r d i a a n d t h e i r f o l l o w e r s a c t i v e l y s u p p o r t e d t h e t w o - n a t i o n t h e o r y w h i c h l e d t o P a k i s t a n R e s o l u t i o n . T h e p r o m i n e n t n a m e s a m o n g s t t h e m a r e A l l a m a S h a b b i r A h m e d U s m a n i , M a u l a n a A s h r a f A l i T h a n v i , M a u l a n a A b d u l H a m i d B a d a u n i , M u f t i M u h a m m a d S h a f i , M a u l a n a M u h a m m a d I b r a h i m S i a l k o t i , P i r G h u l a m M u j a d i d S i r h a n d i , A m i n - u l - H a s a n a t , P i r S a h i b o f M a n k i S h a r i f , P i r S a h i b o f Z a k o r i S h a r i f , P i r J a m a a t A l i S h a h , M a u l a n a S a n a u l l a h A m r a t s a r i , M a u l a n a R a s h e e d A h m a d G h a n g o h i , M a u l a n a M u h a m m a d Q a s i m N a n o t a v i , H a j i Z a m a n A l i S h a h e e d a n d a l o t o f o t h e r s . I n f a c t , t h e f o u n d a t i o n s t o n e o f P a k i s t a n M o v e m e n t w a s l a i d b y H a z r a t M u j a d i d A l a f S a n i , S h e i k h A h m a d S i r h a n d i w h o d i d n o t h e s i t a t e t o c o n f r o n t w i t h t h e B r i t i s h r o ya l a u t h o r i t y a n d p u t h i s l i f e a t s t a k e t o l i g h t t h e t o r c h f o r t h e r e g e n e r a t i o n o f I s l a m i c s p i r i t . I t w a s k e p t a l i v e , a f t e r t h e d e a t h o f t h e A u r a n g z e b A l a m g i r , b y t h e m o v e m e n t s t a r t e d b y S h a h W a l i u l l a h . I n t h e f i r s t h a l f o f t h e 1 9 t h c e n t u r y, S h a h A b d u l A z i z i n t e n s i f i e d i t a n d m a d e i t w i d e s p r e a d . L a t e r o n S h a h I s m a i l S h a h e e d a n d S ye d A h m a d S h a h e e d c o n v e r t e d i t i n t o t h e J e h a d M o v e m e n t f o r t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f a n I s l a m i c s t a t e i n t h e s u b - c o n t i n e n t . T h e y f o u g h t a g a i n s t t h e S i k h r u l e r o f t h e P u n j a b a n d w e r e m a r t yr e d w h i l e f i g h t i n g i n t h e v a l l e y o f B a l a k o t i n q u e s t t o e s t a b l i s h t h e W i l l o f G o d . W i t h t h e p a s s a g e o f t i m e , t h e i d e a o f t h e d e m a n d o f P a k i s t a n w a s c r e e p i n g i n t h e m i n d s o f t h e I n d i a n M u s l i m s a t t h a t t i m e w h e n c o n s t i t u t i o n a l s t r u g g l e f o r t h e l i b e r a t i o n o f t h e s u b - c o n t i n e n t h a d b e e n s t a r t e d . T h e i m p o r t a n t q u e s t i o n w h i c h b e s e t t h e m i n d s o f t h e I n d i a n M u s l i m s w a s t h a t a f t e r t h e d e p a r t u r e o f t h e B r i t i s h w h a t t yp e o f g o v e r n m e n t w o u l d b e s t a r t e d i n I n d i a ? . W i t h t h e p a s s a g e o f t i m e , t h i s q u e s t i o n h a d b e c o m e m o r e a n d m o r e s i g n i f i c a n t a n d i t d o m i n a t e d t h e m i n d s o f t h e I n d i a n M u s l i m s . B u t t h e n a t i v e H i n d u s a l w a ys t r i e d t o t e m p o r i z e t h e m a t t e r b y s a yi n g : a f t e r d e p a r t u r e o f t h e B r i t i s h i t w o u l d b e s e t t l e d t h r o u g h m u t u a l a g r e e m e n t , b u t f i r s t o f a l l t h e B r i t i s h s h o u l d b e o u s t e d . T h e H i n d u s w a n t e d t o l e a v e t h e m a t t e r a s s u c h a n d u n s e t t l e d b e f o r e t h e d e p a r t u r e o f t h e B r i t i s h , b e c a u s e t h e y k n e w t h a t , a f t e r t h e i n d e p e n d e n c e , t h e y w o u l d o u t n u m b e r t h e M u s l i m s a n d p u t t h e m a t t h e i r m e r c y. B u t t h e M u s l i m s n e v e r w a n t e d t o b e d o m i n a t e d b y t h e H i n d u s . T h e y a l w a ys w i s h e d t o h a v e a r e s p e c t a b l e p l a c e i n t h e f u t u r e s e t u p o f t h e c o u n t r y w i t h d u e r e g a r d t o t h e i r l e g i t i m a t e rights and religious sentiments. A f t e r t h e w a r o f 1 8 5 7 , s o m e o f t h e U l e m a e s t a b l i s h e d religious institutions for the religious teaching so that
  • 2. t h e y c o u l d p r e p a r e t h e yo u n g e r g e n e r a t i o n t o p r o t e c t t h e c a u s e o f t h e f a i t h . S o m e o f t h e U l e m a h a d s t a r t e d u n d e r g r o u n d m o v e m e n t f o r t h e p o l i t i c a l a n d n a t i o n a l a w a k e n i n g o f t h e M u s l i m s . F i r s t W o r l d W a r b r o k e o u t i n 1 9 1 4 a n d t h e M u s l i m s w e r e p r o m i s e d b y t h e B r i t i s h g o v e r n m e n t t o p r o t e c t t h e H o l y p l a c e s o f t h e M u s l i m s b u t a f t e r t h e W a r H o l y p l a c e s w e r e n o t p r o t e c t e d . S o t h e M u s l i m s o f t h e s u b - c o n t i n e n t s t a r t e d a m o v e m e n t . T h e m a i n o b j e c t i v e o f t h e m o v e m e n t w a s t o c o m p e l B r i t a i n t o r e s t o r e t h e s t a t u s o f t h e S u l t a n o f T u r k e y w h o w a s r e c o g n i z e d a s a K h a l i f a o f t h e M u s l i m W o r l d . U n d e r t h e s e c i r c u m s t a n c e s , M a u l a n a M a h m o o d - u l - H a s s a n m a d e a r e v o l u t i o n a r y p l a n t o o u t s e t t h e B r i t i s h r u l e r s f r o m t h e s u b - c o n t i n e n t . T h i s p l a n c a m e t o b e k n o w n a s “ S i l k H a n k e r c h i e f M o v e m e n t ” . T h e M u s l i m s o f t h e s u b - c o n t i n e n t s t a r t e d K h i l a f a t M o v e m e n t u n d e r M a j l i s - i - K h i l a f a t w h i c h b e c a m e t h e e f f e c t i v e m o v e m e n t o f t h e M u s l i m s . A l l m o s t a l l p r o m i n e n t U l e m a l i k e M a u l a n a M u h a m m a d A l i J o u h a r , M a u l a n a S h a u k a t A l i , M a u l a n a A b u l K a l a m A z a d , M a u l a n a Z a f a r A l i K h a n , M a u l a n a H a s a r a t M o h a n i , M a u l a n a A b d u l B a r i F a r a n g i M a h a l , S ye d S u l a i m a n N a d v i , M a u l a n a A b d u l M a j i d B a d a u n i , a n d M a u l a n a H a s s a n A h m a d M a d n i j o i n e d i t . A t t h a t t i m e U l e m a h a d n o p o l i t i c a l p l a t f o r m . N o w t h e y f e l t t h a t t h e y m u s t g u i d e t h e M u s l i m s u n d e r t h e l i g h t o f t h e p r i n c i p l e s o f I s l a m i n t h e i r r e l i g i o u s a n d p o l i t i c a l matters. T h e U l e m a o f D e o b a n d h a d o r g a n i z e d a p l a t f o r m “ J a m i a t - u l - H i n d ” i n 1 9 1 9 t h r o u g h a r e s o l u t i o n o f K h i l a f a t C o m m i t t e e w i t h t h e f o l l o w i n g o b j e c t i v e s . T o g u i d e t h e f o l l o w e r s o f I s l a m i n p o l i t i c a l a n d n o n - p o l i t i c a l m a t t e r s f r o m r e l i g i o u s p o i n t o f v i e w . T o d e f e n d o n S h a r i a t g r o u n d s , I s l a m , c e n t e r s o f I s l a m ( H o l y p l a c e s o f I s l a m a n d t h e s e a t o f K h i l a f a t ) . I s l a m i c r i t u a l s a n d c u s t o m s , a n d I s l a m i c n a t i o n a l i s m a g a i n s t a l l o d d s i n j u r i o u s t o t h e m . T o e s t a b l i s h a n d p r o t e c t t h e g e n e r a l r e l i g i o u s a n d n a t i o n a l r i g h t s o f t h e M u s l i m s . T o o r g a n i z e t h e U l e m a o n a c o m m o n p l a t f o r m . T o o r g a n i z e t h e M u s l i m c o m m u n i t y a n d t o l a u n c h a p r o g r a m f o r i t s m o r a l a n d s o c i a b l e f o r m . T h e r e s u l t o f t h e c o o p e r a t i o n o f t h e U l e m a w a s t h a t t h e K h i l a f a t m o v e m e n t b e c a m e v e r y w i d e s p r e a d a n d p o p u l a r w i t h t h e M u s l i m s m a s s e s . T h e p e r i o d o f t h e K h i l a f a t w a s a l s o a n e r a o f H i n d u - M u s l i m u n i t y. D u r i n g t h e s t o r m y d a ys , b o t h t h e c o m m u n i t i e s , H i n d u s a n d M u s l i m s w e r e d o m i n a t e d b y t h e o n l y t h o u g h t o f d r i v i n g o u t t h e B r i t i s h f r o m I n d i a . T h e J a m i a t U l m a - i - H i n d d e c i d e d t o
  • 3. c o o p e r a t e w i t h t h e H i n d u s u n c o n d i t i o n a l l y, t o a c h i e v e t h i s o b j e c t i v e . B u t t h e r e w a s a g r o u p o f U l e m a w h o d i d n o t l i k e t h e J a m i a t t o g i v e u n c o n d i t i o n a l s u p p o r t t o t h e C o n g r e s s . A s a r e s u l t o f t h i s c o n t r o v e r s y a m o n g U l e m a , t h e J a m a i t w a s s p l i t i n t o t w o g r o u p s . T h e p r o - C o n g r e s s U l e m a w e r e l e d b y M a u l a n a H u s s a i n A h m a d M a d n i w h o l a u n c h e d a c a m p a i g n o f p r o p a g a n d a a g a i n s t t h e M u s l i m L e a g u e . T h e a n t i - C o n g r e s s U l e m a d i s a s s o c i a t e d t h e m f r o m t h e J a m a i t a n d r e m a i n e d a l o o f f r o m t h e C o n g r e s s m o v e m e n t . I n 1 9 3 8 , a d e l e g a t i o n w a s s e n t b y M a u l a n a A s h r a f A l i T h a n v i t o t h e Q u a i d - i - A z a m a b o u t t h e c a u s e o f t h e p r i n c i p l e s o f I s l a m . S o t h e a n t i - C o n g r e s s U l e m a d e c i d e d t o s u p p o r t t h e M u s l i m Le a g u e i n t h e l i g h t o f t h e t e a c h i n g o f I s l a m . A l l I n d i a M u s l i m L e a g u e p a s s e d t h e f o l l o w i n g r e s o l u t i o n i n i t s m e e t i n g o n 4 t h o f D e c e m b e r , 1 9 3 8 a t D e l h i . I n e v e r y p r o v i n c e a n d d i s t r i c t w h e r e t h e s p i r i t u a l i n f l u e n c e o f U l e m a c o u l d b e u t i l i z e d f o r t h e p u r p o s e , b r i e f F a t w a s a n d m a n i f e s t o e s s h o u l d b e i s s u e d o n b e h a l f o f U l e m a , i n w h i c h t h e M u s l i m s w a r n e d a g a i n s t j o i n i n g t h e C o n g r e s s a n d t h e d i s a d v a n t a g e s f r o m r e l i g i o u s p o i n t o f v i e w o f a n y a s s o c i a t i o n w i t h t h e C o n g r e s s s h o u l d b e c l e a r l y a n d e m p h a t i c a l l y e x p l a i n e d t o t h e m . T h e s e F a t w a s s h o u l d b e p u b l i s h e d u n d e r t h e a u t h o r i t y o f A I M L t h r o u g h t h e a g e n c y o f t h e l o c a l L e a g u e i n t h e l a n g u a g e o f e a c h p r o v i n c e a n d d i s t r i c t . I ( P i r z a d a , 1 9 4 7 ) . W i t h t h e p a s s a g e o f t i m e , t h e U l e m a a t t h e s u b - c o n t i n e n t d e c i d e d t h e c a u s e o f P a k i s t a n . I n 1 9 4 0 A I M L a p p o i n t e d a c o m m i t t e e o f t h e l e a d i n g U l e m a a n d p r o m i n e n t t h i n k e r s o f I s l a m t o p r e p a r e a d r a f t o f t h e s ys t e m o f g o v e r n m e n t f o r i t . T h e c o m m i t t e e c o n s i s t e d o f s u c h a g a l a x y o f s t a r s a s S ye d S u l m a n N a d v i , M a u l a n a A b u A a l a M u d d o o d i , M a u l a n a A z a m S u b b a n i , a n d M a u l a n a A b d u l M a j i d D a r i a A b a d i . I n 1 9 4 2 A I M L d e c l a r e d t h a t g o v e r n m e n t o f P a k i s t a n w o u l d b e b a s e d o n p r i n c i p l e s o f t h e Q u r a n a n d S u n n a h . T h e U l e m a w h o h a d k e p t t h e m s e l v e s a l o o f f r o m t h e C o n g r e s s m o v e m e n t s d e c i d e d t o s u p p o r t i t . T h e y p l a ye d a v e r y v i t a l r o l e i n s t r e n g t h e n P a k i s t a n M o v e m e n t … . . T h e p r o m i n e n t n a m e s a m o n g s t t h e p r o - L e a g u e U l e m a w e r e M a u l a n a A s h r a f A l i , M a u l a n a S h a b b i r A h m a d U s m a n i , M a u l a n a Z a f a r A h m a d U s m a n i a n d M u f t i M u h a m m a d S h a f i . A t t h a t t i m e , t h e n e e d o f a n o r g a n i z a t i o n o f p r o - L e a g u e U l e m a w a s f e l t t o s u p p o r t t h e c a u s e o f t h e P a k i s t a n M o v e m e n t . T h e r e f o r e , i n a b i g g a t h e r i n g o f U l e m a , i n O c t o b e r 1 9 4 5 a t C a l c u t t a , J a m i a t - u l - U l e m a I s l a m w a s f o r m e d w h i c h p r o v e d a b i g l a n d m a r k i n t h e s t r u g g l e f o r t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f P a k i s t a n . D u e t o t h e p a r t i c i p a t i o n o f U l e m a i n t h e M o v e m e n t , t h e o b j e c t i v e s o f P a k i s t a n M o v e m e n t
  • 4. b e c a m e m o r e a n d m o r e c l e a r a n d t h e i r f o l l o w e r s j o i n e d i t f o r t h e a c h i e v e m e n t o f P a k i s t a n . W i t h t h e p a s s a g e o f t i m e , s o m e m o r e U l e m a d e c i d e d t o j o i n J a m i a t - u l - U l e m a I s l a m a n d i t s b r a n c h e s w e r e e s t a b l i s h e d a l l o v e r t h e c o u n t r y. M u f t i M u h a m m a d S h a f i j o i n e d J a m i a t - u l - U l e m a Is l a m a n d b e c a m e t h e m e m b e r o f t h e c e n t r a l w o r k i n g c o m m i t t e e . H e w e n t a l l o u t i n s u p p o r t o f t h e P a k i s t a n . M o v e m e n t M u f t i M u h a m m a d S h a f i s t a r t e d a m o v e m e n t w i t h p e n i n f a v o r o f P a k i s t a n a n d w r o t e a n u m b e r o f p a m p h l e t s a n d i s s u e d a F a t w a ( r e l i g i o u s d e c r e e ) . H e h a d c o n v i c t i o n t h a t e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f P a k i s t a n i s i n e v i t a b l e . B e s i d e s c o n t r i b u t i n g t h r o u g h h i s w r i t i n g , h e m a d e e x t e n s i v e t o u r s o f t h e s u b - c o n t i n e n t t o m o t i v a t e t h e M u s l i m s i n f a v o r o f P a k i s t a n . H i s s p e e c h a n d s t a t e m e n t t o o k t h e M u s l i m s b y s t o r m e v e r yw h e r e h e w e n t . H i s g r e a t e f f o r t s t o c o u n t e r i n f l u e n c e i n N W F P o n t h e e v e o f t h e r e f e r e n d u m o f 1 9 4 7 a r e u n f o r g e t t a b l e . I n t h e e l e c t i o n s 1 9 4 5 - 4 6 J a m i a t - U l e m a H i n d d e c i d e d t o s u p p o r t t h e C o n g r e s s w h i c h h a d r e j e c t e d t h e d e m a n d o f P a k i s t a n a n d s t o o d f o r u n i t e d I n d i a . D u r i n g t h i s c r i t i c a l j u n c t u r e , M a u l a n a S h a b b i r A h m a d U s m a n i a l o n g w i t h h i s c o m p a n i o n s g a v e a n u n f l i n c h i n g s u p p o r t t o t h e L e a g u e a n d p l e a d e d i n f a v o r o f t h e Q u a i d - i - A z a m a g a i n s t a l l o p p o s i t i o n w h i c h h a d b e e n d i r e c t e d b y t h e n a t i o n a l i s t U l e m a . H e p u b l i c a l l y a n n o u n c e d h i s c o m p l e t e a n d i r r e v o c a b l e f a i t h i n t h e h o n e s t y a n d i n t e g r i t y o f t h e Q u a i d - i - A z a m . H e a l s o w a r n e d t h e c o m m o n M u s l i m s a g a i n s t t h e d e s i g n s o f t h e C o n g r e s s e s U l e m a . I n t h e e l e c t i o n o f 1 9 4 5 - 4 6 , A I M L h a d a v e r y t o u g h t i m e i n N W F P . W h e r e “ K h a n B r o t h e r s ” w e r e i n p o w e r i n t h e p r o v i n c e . T h e C o n g r e s s w o n t h e e l e c t i o n i n N W F P a n d s u c c e e d e d i n f o r m i n g t h e p r o v i n c i a l g o v e r n m e n t l e d b y D r . K h a n S a h i b . A t t h e t i m e o f t h e p a r t i t i o n o f t h e s u b - c o n t i n e n t , r e f e r e n d u m w a s h e l d i n N W F P . T h e U l e m a a n d M a s h a i k h s p u t t h e w h o l e w e i g h t a t t h e i r s u p p o r t a n d f o r c e i n t h e b l a n c e o f L e a g u e . T h e Q u a i d - i - A z a m s p e c i a l l y s e n t A l l a m a S h a b b i r A h m e d U s m a n i t o N W F P . I n s u p p o r t o f t h e L e a g u e . H e a l o n g w i t h M u f t i M u h a m m a d S h a f i , P i r S a h i b o f M a n k i S h a r i f a n d P i r S a h i b o f Z a k o r i S h a r i f i n t e n s i f i e d t h e a c t i v i t i e s i n s u p p o r t o f t h e M u s l i m L e a g u e . T h e y m a d e s t r o n g t o u r o f t h e p r o v i n c e a n d t r i b a l a r e a s t o m o b i l i z e t h e s u p p o r t o f t h e M u s l i m m a s s e s f o r P a k i s t a n . T h e i r e a r n e s t e f f o r t s s u c c e e d e d i n p a v i n g t h e w a y f o r a l a n d s i d e v i c t o r y o f t h e L e a g u e . T h e r e f e r e n d u m w a s h e l d o n 0 6 - J u l y, 1 9 4 7 a n d 2 8 9 , 2 4 4 v o t e s w e r e c a s t i n f a v o r o f j o i n i n g t h e N e w C o n s t i t u e n t A s s e m b l y a s a g a i n s t U l e m a a n d M a s h i k h p l a ye d a s t u p e n d o u s r o l e , i n t h i s v i c t o r y w h i c h i s w o r t h w r i t i n g i n g o l d e n
  • 5. l e t t e r s i n t h e a n n a l s o f t h e s t r u g g l e f o r P a k i s t a n . A n o t h e r r e f e r e n d u m o f t h e s a m e t yp e w a s t o b e h e l d i n S yl h e t B e n g a l w h i c h w a s u n d e r p e r s o n a l i n f l u e n c e o f M a u l a n a H u s s a i n A h m e d M a d n i w h o u s u a l l y p a s s e d t h e m o n t h o f R a m z a n i n S yl h e t . T h i s a r e a , i n f a c t w a s u n d e r t h e p e r s o n a l i n f l u e n c e o f p r o - C o n g r e s s U l e m a . T h e r e i n f l u e n c e c o u l d o n l y b e c o u n t e r e d t h r o u g h t h e U l e m a o f t h e s a m e s t a t u r e a n d s i z e . M o r e o v e r , i n S yl h e t , “ T h e M u s l i m s w e r e f a c e d w i t h a s e r i o u s h a n d i c a p , f o r t h r o u g h ” . T h e y f o r m e d 6 0 . 7 % o f t h e p o p u l a t i o n . T h e y h a d o n l y 5 4 . 2 7 % v o t e s o f t h e t o t a l e l e c t o r a l r o l e . T h e A I M L c h o i c e s , t o c o u n t e r t h e i n f l u e n c e o f p r o - C o n g r e s s U l e m a f e l l o n M a u l a n a Z a f a r A h m e d U s m a n i M a u l a n a w a s v e r y p o p u l a r a m o n g s t t h e M u s l i m s o f B e n g a l a n d A s s a m o n a c c o u n t o f h i s l e a r n i n g , p i e t y a n d c a n d i d n e s s . H e t o u r e d S yl h e t a n d s p e n t t h e H o l y m o n t h o f R a m z a n a n d e x p l a i n e d t h e i m p o r t a n c e a n d n e e d o f P a k i s t a n f o r t h e M u s l i m s . H e w o r k e d h a r d t o o r g a n i z e t h e m a n d g e n e r a t e s u p p o r t f o r P a k i s t a n . T h u s t h e s ys t e m a t i c a n d o r g a n i z e d c a m p a i g n o f t h e l e a g u e i n w h i c h M a u l a n a Z a f a r A h m e d U s m a n i a l o n g w i t h o t h e r U l e m a p l a ye d v i t a l r o l e , r e s u l t e d i n a d e c i s i v e v i c t o r y f o r h e r . T h e v o t i n g w a s 2 3 9 , 6 1 9 f o r s e p a r a t i o n a n d j o i n i n g E a s t B a n g a l . T h e m o s t p r o m i n e n t n a m e a m o n g t h e U l e m a w a s P i r J a m a t A l i S h a h w h o h a d m i l l i o n s o f f o l l o w e r s i n t h e c o u n t r y. H e w a s a s t a u n c h s u p p o r t e r o f t h e A l i g a r h M o v e m e n t f o r w h i c h h e c o n t r i b u t e d L a k e s o f R u p e e s . 6 ( N a w a - i - W a q a t 1 9 8 2 ) . In s p i t e o f h i s o l d a g e a n d w e a k h e a l t h P i r J a m a t A l i s h a h t o u r e d t h r o u g h o u t t h e c o u n t r y t o g e t t h e s u p p o r t o f A I M L a n d P a k i s t a n . A f t e r t h e p a s s a g e o f L a h o r e R e s o l u t i o n h e g a v e a n a l l o u t s u p p o r t t o t h e Q u a i d - i - A z a m f o r t h e a c h i e v e m e n t o f P a k i s t a n . H e m a d e i n t e n s i v e t o u r s o f t h e c o u n t r y t o g e n e r a t e s u p p o r t f o r t h e A I M L . H e a d v i s e d h i s f o l l o w e r s t o w o r k f o r t h e A I M L a n d e m p h a t i c a l l y d e c l a r e d t h a t h e w o u l d n o t l e a d t h e f u n e r a l p r a y e r s o f a n y d e v o t e e i f h e h a d n o t p a r t i c i p a t e d i n t h e P a k i s t a n M o v e m e n t i n a n y c a p a c i t y. 7 ( N a w - i - W a q a t ) . P i r J a m a t A l i S h a h s u p p o r t e d A L M L d u r i n g t h e e l e c t i o n s 1 9 4 5 - 4 6 . H i s s i n c e r e c a m p a i g n i n t h e e l e c t i o n o f 1 9 4 5 - 4 6 r e s u l t e d i n g r a n d s u c c e s s o f A I M L c a n d i d a t e s . H e a t t e n d e d A l l I n d i a S u n n i C o n f e r e n c e h e l d i n B a n a r a s o n 3 0 t h A p r i l , 1 9 4 6 a n d p a s s e d t h e f o l l o w i n g r e s o l u t i o n . T h e s e s s i o n o f A l l I n d i a S u n n i C o n f e r e n c e f u l l y s u p p o r t s t h e d e m a n d f o r P a k i s t a n a n d d e c l a r e s t h a t U l e m a a n d M a s h a i k h s b e l o n g t o E h l - S u n a t - W a l - J a m a t w i l l m a k e e v e r y p o s s i b l e s a c r i f i c e f o r t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f a n I s l a m i c g o v e r n m e n t . They take it as their responsibility to establish a g o v e r n m e n t a c c o r d i n g t o t h e
  • 6. I s l a m i c j u r i s p r u d e n c e b a s e d o n t h e H o l y Q u r a n a n d S u n n a ” . I n t h i s c o n f e r e n c e s o m e n a t i o n a l i s t U l e m a c r i t i c i z e d t h e Q u a i d - i - A z a m . P i r J a m a t A l i S h a h d e f e n d e d h i m b y s a yi n g . “ T h i n k o f J i n n a h S a h i b w h a t e v e r yo u l i k e , b u t I s a y t h a t J i n n a h S a h i b i s W a l i u l l a h . P i r J a m a t A l i S h a h p r e v i o u s l y l e d M a s j i d S h a h e e d M o v e m e n t f o r w h i c h t h e M u s l i m s h a d g i v e n h i m t h e t i t l e o f “ A m i r - i - M i l l a t ” . D u r i n g r e f e r e n d u m i n 1 9 4 7 i n N W F P h e a l s o v i s i t e d t h e p r o v i n c e a n d m u s t e r e d h i s s u p p o r t f o r A I M L . W h i l e p r e s i d i n g o v e r a s e s s i o n o f J a m i a t - u l - U l e m a – i - I s l a m P u n j a b , P i r J a m a t A l i S h a h S a i d . “ B o t h t h e G o v e r n m e n t a n d t h e C o n g r e s s s h o u l d c a r e f u l l y n o t e t h a t t h e M u s l i m s h a v e s h a k e n o f f t h e i r l e t h a r g y n o w s t a n d a w a k e n e d t h e y h a v e d e t e r m i n e d t h e i r g o a l o f P a k i s t a n , a n d n o p o w e r o n e a r t h c o u l d f a i l t h e P a k i s t a n M o v e m e n t . “ T h e c r e d i t o f m a k i n g t h e P a k i s t a n M o v e m e n t a s u c c e s s g o e s t o P i r S a h i b o f M a n k i S h a r i f . H e j o i n e d A I M L i n 1 9 4 5 . W h e n K h a n A b d u l G h a f f a r K h a n a n d h i s f o l l o w e r s w e r e t r yi n g t o f a i l t h e P a k i s t a n M o v e m e n t . T h o u s a n d s o f P i r S a h i b o f M a n k i S h a r i f f o l l o w e r s w o r k e d f o r p r o m o t i n g t h e c a u s e o f P a k i s t a n M o v e m e n t . I n N W F P . , a s e c r e t m e e t i n g o f M a s h a i k h o f N W F P a n d P u n j a b w a s h e l d a t P e s h a w a r i n 1 9 4 5 . T h i s m e e t i n g w a s a r r a n g e d b y P i r S a h i b o f M a n k i S h a r i f . I n t h i s m e e t i n g , h e s a i d t h a t P a k i s t a n w a s t h e o n l y s o u r c e o f h o n o r a n d f r e e d o m f o r t h e M u s l i m s o f I n d o - P a k - s u b - c o n t i n e n t . H e a p p e a l e d t o M a s h a i k h t o j o i n t h e M u s l i m Le a g u e . H e a l s o a t t e n d e d A l l I n d i a S u n n i C o n f e r e n c e a n d s p o k e c o n t i n u o u s l y f o r t w o a n d a h a l f h o u r a n d m a d e t h e f o l l o w i n g h i s t o r i c a l a n n o u n c e m e n t . “ I h a v e m a d e i t c l e a r t o t h e Q u a i d - i - A z a m t h a t i f a t a n y s t a g e h e d e c e i v e d t h e M u s l i m s o r t r i e d t o i n t r o d u c e i n P a k i s t a n a s ys t e m o t h e r t h a n I s l a m , M a s h a i k h a n d h i s f o l l o w e r s w o u l d n o t a c c e p t h i s l e a d e r s h i p ” 1 0 ( R i a z - u l - H a q 1 9 8 0 ) . In t h e r e f e r e n d u m o f N W F P h e c o n v i n c e d t h e p e o p l e t o c a s t t h e i r v o t e s i n f a v o r o f P a k i s t a n . T h e i n v a l u a b l e s e r v i c e s w h i c h h e r e n d e r e d t o t h e A I M L d u r i n g t h e r e f e r e n d u m i n N W F P w o u l d n e v e r b e f o r g o t t e n . D u r i n g t h e p e a k d a ys o f t h e e l e c t i o n c a m p a i g n , S h a m a s - u l - U l e m a K h a w a j a H a s s a n N i z a m i o f T o u n s a S h a r i f i s s u e d t h e f o l l o w i n g s t a t e m e n t . “ P i r G h u l a m M o h a y - u d - D i n , S a j j a d a N a s h e e n o f H a z r a t P i r M e h a r A l i S h a h h a d o r d e r e d h i s f o l l o w e r s t o s i d e w i t h t h e M u s l i m L e a g u e . T h e J a m i t - u l - U l e m a - i - I s l a m a t C a l c u t t a h a d a l s o g i v e n a F a t w a a s s e r t i n g a l l t h e M u s l i m s t o s u p p o r t t h e Le a g u e a n d h e w h o d o e s n o t a b i d e b y i t w o u l d b e s i n f u l . A n o t h e r M a s h i a k h o f M a u l a n a F a z a l S h a h , S a j j a d a N a s h i n o f J a l a l p u r S h a r i f , a p p e a l i n g t h e M u s l i m C o m m u n i t y s a i d . “ I n t e r e s t o f t h e M i l l a t d e m a n d s f r o m
  • 7. e v e r y M u s l i m t o v o t e f o r A I M L . ’ ’ T h e d e s c e n d e n t s o f H a z r a t M u j d i d A l f - S a n i p l a ye d a m a g n i f i c e n t r o l e f o r p r o m o t i n g t h e c a u s e o f P a k i s t a n M o v e m e n t i n S i n d h . H a z r a t G h u l a m M u j a d i d S i r h i n d i w a s r e n o w n e d s c h o l a r o f I s l a m i c s . H e a l i g n e d h i m s e l f w i t h t h e Q u a i d - i - A z a m i n h i s m i s s i o n f o r a c h i e v i n g a n i n d e p e n d e n t s t a t e f o r t h e M u s l i m s a n d a m a l g a m a t e d h i s s o c i e t y. “ J a m i a t - u l - M a s h a i k h ” w i t h A I M L . T h i s o r g a n i z a t i o n w a s m e r g e d i n t o t h e A I M L o n t h e c a l l o f t h e Q u a i d - i - A z a m . A n o t h e r p e r s o n a l i t y f r o m S i n d h w h o h a d s t r o n g c o n t r i b u t i o n d u r i n g t h e P a k i s t a n M o v e m e n t w a s S h a i k h A b d u l M a j e e d S i n d h i . H e e m b r a c e d I s l a m a t a n e a r l y a g e a n d a f t e r t h a t h e b e c a m e a s t a u n c h M u s l i m a n d w o r k e d f o r t h e w e l f a r e o f I n d i a n M u s l i m s . S h a i k h A b d u l M a j e e d S i n d h i w a s a p r o l i f i c w r i t e r a n d h e u s e d t h e s h a r p s h a f t s o f h i s p e n a g a i n s t H i n d u m o n e y l e n d e r s , S i n d h i v e d e r a s a n d t h e B r i t i s h . H e w a s s i n c e r e s u p p o r t e r o f t h e P a k i s t a n M o v e m e n t . M a u l a n a A b d u l H a m i d B a d a yu n i h a d a n a c t i v e p a r t i n K h i l a f a t M o v e m e n t . H e m a d e a c o u n t r yw i d e t o u r i n o p p o s i t i o n t o N e h r u R e p o r t . M a u l a n a A b d u l H a m i d B a d a yu n i s u p p o r t e d a n d s e c o n d e d t h e L a h o r e R e s o l u t i o n o n b e h a l f o f U l e m a a n d M a s h a i k h . I n 1 9 4 5 , h e t o u r e d N W F P a n d P u n a j b i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h e l e c t i o n c a m p a i g n i n f a v o r o f A I M L c a n d i d a t e s . H e a l s o w e n t t o B a l u c h i s t a n a n d N W F P f o r t h e p r o p a g a t i o n o f P a k i s t a n M o v e m e n t o n t h e r e q u e s t o f P i r S h a h i b o f M a n k i S h a r i f . M a u l a n a A b d u l H a m i d B a d a yu n i m e t t h e N i z a m o f D e c c a n a n d p e r s u a d e d h i m t o h a v e a m e e t i n g w i t h t h e Q u a i d - i - A z a m . I n 1 9 4 6 h e p e r f o r m e d t h e d u t i e s o f t h e s e c r e t a r y o f t h e d e l e g a t i o n o f U l e m a w h i c h w a s s e n t t o S a u d i A b r a b i a a n d M i d d l e E a s t t o m a k e t h e M u s l i m w o r l d a w a r e o f P a k i s t a n M o v e m e n t . K h a w a j a Q a m a r - u d - D i n S a ya l v i , w a s a n a c t i v e s u p p o r t e r o f t h e P a k i s t a n M o v e m e n t . H e w a s v e r y i n f l u e n t i a l i n h i s r e g i o n . H e f i r m l y s t o o d a g a i n s t T i w a n a s w h o w e r e t r yi n g t o d e f e a t t h e A I M L c a n d i d a t e s i n t h e i r c o n s t i t u e n c i e s . I t w a s d u e t o K h a w a j a S a h i b E f f o r t s t h a t M u s l i m L e a g u e c a n d i d a t e s w o n 1 0 0 % s e a t s i n d i s t r i c t s J h a n g a n d S a r g o d h a . H e w a s a g e n e r o u s , s i n c e r e a n d s p i r i t u a l l e a d e r w h o h a d d e v o t e d h i s l i f e f o r t h e g l o r y o f I s l a m a n d t h e P a k i s t a n M o v e m e n t . T h e r e w e r e s o m a n y o t h e r s c h o l a r s a n d M a s h a i k h w h o d e v o t e d t h e i r l i f e f o r t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f P a k i s t a n . S a j j a d a N a s h i n D i w a n - A a l - i - R a s o o l o f A j m e r S h a r i f a p p e a l e d t o t h e M a s h i a k h i n t h e n a m e o f K h a w a j a M o e e n - u d - D i n C h i s h t i t o g i v e t h e i r G a d d i s a n d j o i n A IM L t o m a t e r i a l i z e t h e d r e a m o f P a k i s t a n . N e a r l y a l l t h e s c h o l a r s o f B r e l v i s c h o o l o f t h o u g h t a c t i v e l y w o r k e d f o r t h e c a u s e o f P a k i s t a n . T h e m o s t r e n o w n e d
  • 8. U l e m a o f t h e m w e r e M a u l a n a N a e e m - u d - D i n , M a u l a n a A b d u l H a s n a t M a h m o o d A l i , M a u l a n a G h u l a m M u h a m m a d T a r a n n u m , M u f t i G h u l a m M o e e n - u d - D i n , M a u l a n a A b d u l G h a f o o r H a z a r v i , M a u l a n a S a n a u l l a h A m r i t s a r i , M a u l a n a M u h a m m a d I b r a h i m S i a l k o t i a n d M a u l a n a F a z a l I l a h i W a z i r a b a d i w e r e a m o n g s t t h e m . U l e m a a n d M a s h a i k h c o m p l e t e l y c h a n g e d t h e a t m o s p h e r e d u r i n g t h e P a k i s t a n M o v e m e n t a n d m a d e t h e t o u g h t a s k o f t h e Q u a i d - i - A z a m e a s i e r a n d u l t i m a t e l y P a k i s t a n c a m e i n t o b e i n g . References: A h m a d , J a m i l - u d - D i n . C r e a t i o n o f P a k i s t a n , P u b l i s h e r U n i t e d L t d L a h o r e , 1 9 7 6 , p p : 3 5 4 . D a v i d , G i l m a r t i n . E m p i r e a n d Is l a m . P u n j a b a n d t h e M a k i n g o f P a k i s t a n U n i v e r s i t y o f C a l i f o r n i a P r e s s B e r k l e y. 1 9 8 8 , p p : 2 1 6 . N a d v i , R a e e s A h m e d J a f f e r y. Q u a i d A z a m A u r U n k a E h a d . M a q b o o l A c a d e m y L a h o r e , 1 9 6 6 , p p : 4 0 5 . N a w a - i - W a q t , O c t o b e r 1 7 , 1 9 8 2 L a h o r e . P i r z a d a , S ye d S h a r i f - u d - d i n . F o u n d a t i o n o f A l l I n d i a M u s l i m L e a g u e D o c u m e n t s V o l - I I I 1 9 0 6 - 4 7 . R o y a l B o o k C o m p a n y, K a r a c h i , 1 9 9 0 , p p : 2 8 6 . Q u r e s h i , I s h t i a q H u s s a i n . T h e S t r u g g l e f o r P a k i s t a n . U n i v e r s i t y o f K a r a c h i . 1 9 6 9 , p p : 3 0 1 . R a h , T h e C h i r a g h - i - . N a z r i a P a k i s t a n N u m b e r , K a r a c h i , 1 9 6 0 , p p : 2 3 3 . H a q , R a z a - u l . S t a r B o o k D e p o t U r d u B a z a r L a h o r e , 1 9 8 0 .