1. Frank Soto
Lester Rosario
5/6/2011

2.  Overview
 Genes to identify: 35S promoter, NOS terminator, and
PSII
 Methodology
a) DNA Extraction
b) DNA Amplification
c) Electrophoresis of DNA
 Analysis of Results
 Conclusion

3.  GMO’s are organisms that have been modified through
genetic engineering.
 In the United States, under guidelines issued by USDA's
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, genetic
engineering is defined as the genetic modification of
organisms by recombinant DNA techniques (USDA, 2007)
 According to the USDA, crops have been genetically
modified ever since 1996.
 These crops have all kind of modifications, such as:
herbicide tolerance, pesticide tolerance, and bacterial
resistance.

4. Genes
Structure of a gene

5.  35S promoter from the cauliflower mosaic
virus (CaMV 35S)
 Nopaline synthase (NOS) terminator from
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
 Photosystem II (PSII)

6.  The genes 35S and NOS will appear in the gel.
The 35S gene will be found at 203bp and
NOS at 225bp. We believe the corn will be
identified as GMO while the soymilk won’t. In
addition, both the corn chips and the papaya
will be indentified as GMO.

9.  DNA Extraction
a) Weighing and
Grinding of samples
Non-GMO Maize Soymilk
b) Pipette 50µL of Slurry
into tube containing 50µL of 50µL of 50µL of
Instagene matrix. sample sample sample
slurry slurry slurry
c) Flick tube and place 500µL of 500µL of 500µL of
in a 95 degrees Instagene Instagene Instagene
celsius water bath for matrix matrix matrix
5 min.
d) Place tubes in
microcentrifuge for 5
min.

10.  PCR
PMM= Plant molecular marker
GMM= Genetic molecular
a) 20µL of indicated
master mix are marker.
dispensed to each Non-GMO PMM
of the samples.
Non-GMO GMM
b) 20µL of DNA
samples are
dispensed to their GMO (+) PMM
corresponding
tubes. GMO (+) GMM
c) Once the samples Mai. Test PMM
have been
dispensed, the Mai. Test GMM
tubes are put in
the thermal cycler.
Soy Test PMM
Soy Test GMM

11. 1 Molecular weight Ruler
 Electrophoresis
a) The gel used was a 3% Agarose
2 Non-GMO PMM
gel.
3 Non-GMO GMM
b) To prepare for electrophoresis,
10µL of Orange Loading dye was
deposited into each of the
samples. 4 GMO (+) PMM
c) 20µL of Molecular weight
ruler(mwr) were deposited to wells 5 GMO (+) GMM
to wells 1 and 10.
d) 20µL of samples were dispensed 6 Mai. Test PMM
to wells 2-9.
e) Electrophoresis was run for 7 Mai. Test GMM
30min. at 100V.
f) After electrophoresis, the gel was 8 Soy Test PMM
stained with ethidium bromide
pads for 20min.
9 Soy Test GMM
10 Molecular Weight Ruler

13. Frank’s Gel

14. Lester’s Gel

15.  Human errors may have lead to these results.
 The experiment should be repeated in order
to obtain reliable results.