1. CLASS 7
Introduction to Computers

2. Input and output
Name these peripherals:
a b c d e
f g h i j

3. Input and output
Name these peripherals:
joystick printer earphones keyboard scanner
mouse microphone speakers monitor barcode reader

4. Input and output
Now put the peripherals into “input” and “output” devices:
a b c d e
f g h i j

5. Input and output
input devices output devices

6. QR questions
What does “QR” mean?
When were QR codes invented? By what company?
Which holds more information, barcodes or QR codes?
Which direction are QR codes “read” ?
Which of these is the “correct” direction for a QR code?
a) b) c) d)

7. QR questions
What does “QR” mean?
Quick Response
When were QR codes invented? By what company?
QR codes were invented in 1994 by Toyota.
Which holds more information, barcodes or QR codes?
QR codes kick barcode butt.
Which direction are QR codes “read” ?
Up and down (barcodes are read side to side).
Which of these is the “correct” direction for a QR code?
a) b) c) d)

8. Internet security
There are threats to anyone who uses a computer.
Some of these include:
Viruses / malware
Online Scams
Phishing
Social Network Hacking
Credit Card Fraud
Let’s take a look at each type…

9. THREATS AND ISSUES WHEN YOU USE THE INTERNET
Being careful online

10. Internet
Security
The internet is such a
big part of your lives
that we can forget that
it even though it is
convenient, it can also
be dangerous.
You need to be careful.
Today I will introduce
some of the most
common threats ( 威
脅 ).
Sources:
http://www.slideshare.net/TechSoupGlobal/security-basics-webinar
http://en.wikipedia.org/
Malware
Phishing
Social Network Hacking

11. Malware
Most of you have hear d of a
computer “virus” before…
Viruses are actually a kind
of Malware ( 惡意軟體 )
Virus - that can spread from
computer to computer by itself.
Trojan - a hidden program (for
example in free / illegal software)
Bot - a robot network
which can be controlled
outside the computer.
Keystroke logger
(keylogger): a program
that records what you
type into the computer.

12. Virus
Some viruses can be
harmless, but others
can slow down or even
ruin a computer. Many
people don’t even know
that their computer has
a virus at all.
A computer virus is a computer
program that can spread from one
computer to another.
A virus can spread from one
computer to another using code,
for instance because a user sent it
over the Internet, or carried it on
a memory device such as
a CD, DVD, or USB drive.
Viruses that spread them-
selves online or across a
network are called worms.

13. Trojans
The term “Trojan” comes
from the Greek story about
the Trojan Horse from a
very old story (The Iliad).
In the story, Greeks left a
big wooden horse to the
Trojans, people they were at
war against. After the
Trojans brought the horse
into the city, the Greeks who
were hidden inside snuck
out and opened the city
gates to let the Greek army
come in and destroy the city
of Troy.
A Trojan horse, or Trojan, is
software that hides inside
software and then steals
information or hurts the user’s
computer.
Some things trojans can do to
your computer:
 Make your computer a “zombie”
 Download or upload files
 Steal your information
 Watch your screen
 Crash your computer
 Record your keystrokes

14. Bots, botnets
and zombies!
Bots, or internet robots,
didn’t start out as bad - and
not all of them are. For
example, Google uses bots
to get for their search
results.
What we are talking about
here are botnets, which take
over computers and become
an army of computers doing
what they are told, or
zombies, by an outside
program.
One kind of malware, usually
brought into a computer through
a trojan, is a bot. Here’s one of the
way hackers can use bots:

15. Bots, botnets
and zombies!
Bots, or internet robots,
didn’t start out as bad - and
not all of them are. For
example, Google uses bots
to get for their search
results.
What we are talking about
here are botnets, which take
over computers and become
an army of computers doing
what they are told, or
zombies, by an outside
program.
Botnets are bad. Really bad. They can
be used to send spam, send or
download files or even more malware,
and they can even be used for
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS)
attacks, where so many different
computers are told to go to the same
website all
at the same
time that
the website
crashes.

16. Keyloggers
Keyloggers are actually
quite easy to write. Usually
keyloggers are put together
with other types of
malware.
Keyloggers simply record whatever the
user is typing on their keyboard.
Some keyloggers also record what is
on the screen at the same time. Here’s
an example of a keylogger file that
also shows what form the user was
typing in (form grabbing):

17. Keyloggers
Keyloggers are some of the worst
kinds of malware. Spies love
keyloggers, and countries often
try to sneak them onto
computers. Sometimes people use
them to spy on each other - for
example, maybe a husband thinks
his wife has a secret boyfriend…
Criminals use keyloggers to try to
get usernames and
passwords for bank
information.

18. Phishing
While phishing isn’t a
from of malware (it’s
more like tricking you
and stealing), it’s
becoming more and
more common, and
more dangerous.
Phishing is a way of tricking people
into giving their information to what
they think is site they can trust.
Here’s an example:
The link in the email takes you to a
login page that asks you to type in
your gmail information.
Look at the domain name!

19. More Phishing
Phishing has become a
real problem in recent
years, and social media
sites are one of their
favorite targets.
Here’s another example of an
email that takes you to a phishing
site:

20. Here’s another phishing example:

21. And a “friend phishing” example:

22. Who is Sophie Ng?
Let’s see if Google knows her:
Take one of her profile pictures and put it into Google images.
Hey, that’s a different
name! What’s going on?

23. After Google searching…
After uploading a couple of
“Sophie” pictures to Google and
getting several different Facebook
profiles, her pictures appeared on
a different site, where she was listed as “Cute college girl of
the day for October 22, 2010”
It turns out that people use her (and other college girl photos)
to try to get people to accept her as a Facebook friend. Once
she has been accepted, the hackers can get information on
you and your friends, or get other people to click on links that
will download malware to their computers.

24. How does this
happen?
Now that we know what
some types of malware
are called, we should
ask, “How do end up
with malware?”
Dangerous links in email, IM,
Twitter messages, Facebook and
YouTube comments
Infected devices: USB sticks, disks,
laptops, digital photo frames
Online auctions, online dating
Phishing attacks
Fake pop-up alerts

25. Why?
Why are people doing
this? What’s the point?
Underground cybercrime economy
Bigger business than international
drug trade
Hackers with computer skills and
desire for money
Organized online buy/sell of stolen
data
Low risk, high reward - many
hackers can attack anywhere in the
world from their own countries, and
most countries don’t have strong
laws against hacking

26. Just one case:
Zeus
Zeus is a trojan that steals banking
information
using keylogging and form
grabbing.
In June 2009, a security company
discovered that Zeus had hacked
74,000 FTP accounts on websites of
such companies as the Bank of
America, NASA, , ABC, Oracle,
Play.com, Cisco, Amazon,
and BusinessWeek.

27. Zeus
Zeus botnets are thought to include
millions of computers (around 3.6
million in the United States).
By October 28, 2009 over 1,500,000
phishing messages were sent
on Facebook to spread the Zeus
trojan.
November 14–15, 2009 Zeus spread
via e-mails saying it was from a
telephone company. A total of
9,000,000 of these phishing e-mails
were sent.

28. Zeus
It is still active today. In 2010, an
internet security company, wrote that
the credit cards of more than 15
unnamed US banks have been stolen
using the Zeus malware.
So far, over US $70,000,000 has been
stolen from people and companies
with Zeus.
More than 90 criminals using Zeus
were arrested in the US, England and
Ukraine ( 烏克蘭 ).
In May, 2011, the code of Zeus was put
online for anyone to use and change.

29. So what can
you do?
How can you protect
yourself from these
kinds of online threats?
Don’t open mail attachments from
people you don’t know.
Try not to click on links inside
emails - if you get an email telling
you to update your information, go
to the website yourself - don’t use
their link.
Get a good anti-virus program,
spyware remover, and firewall.
There are free programs available
online, such as avast!
antivirus, Grisoft's AVG, Microsoft
Anti-SpywareWebroot.

30. So what can
you do?
How can you protect
yourself from these
kinds of online threats?
Don’t expect something for
nothing.
Don’t download pirated software, or
“keygens” - software that will give you
a license number for software.
Don’t friend people on Facebook that
you don’t know - even if you think
they’re attractive!
Carefully check where your email is
coming from - always check the
domain name of the sender.

31. OK Now:
Log into Facebook and
check through your
friends. Do you really
know them?
 Go to Facebook. If there are people in your friends
list that you don’t really know, put the link to their
picture into Google images and see if they are
really who they say they are.
 Check your email. Are there any emails asking you
to update your information? If so, check the
domain name. Is it really the website it says it is?
 Update your anti-virus software and do a full
system scan of your computer at least once a
week. Change your passwords every 3-4 months
 Think! Be skeptical ( 懷疑論的 ) about what
people are sending you, and be careful!