various alternative protein sources for aquafeed

1. Credit seminarCredit seminar
SUBMITTED BY :-SUBMITTED BY :-
SMIT R. LENDESMIT R. LENDE
Dept. ofDept. of
AquacultureAquaculture

2. Content

3.  Aquaculture
 Global production of food fish from aquaculture,
reached 60 million tonnes in 2010 with estimated total
value total value of US$ 119 billion (FAO, 2012).
 Contribution of aquaculture to the total production of
capture fisheries and aquaculture continued to grow,
rising from 34.5 percent in 2006 to 36.9 percent in
2008.
 More than 46 percent of the total global aquaculture
production in 2008 was dependent upon the supply of
external feed inputs.

4. • Protein is the most expensive part of fish feed.
• Proteins are formed by linkages of individual amino
acids.
• The 10 essential amino acids that must be supplied
by the diet are: methionine, arginine, threonine,
tryptophan, histidine, isoleucine, lysine, leucine,
valine and phenylalanine..

5. first investigated in the Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus
tshawytscha) by Delong, et al, (1958).

6. • Protein levels (Craig,2002)
32-38% Tilapia
18-20% Marine shrimp
28-32% Catfish
38-42% Hybrid striped bass

7. • Major fed fish and crustacean species
Global Fed freshwater fishes
Fed diadromous fishes
Fed marine fishes
Fed freshwater crustaceans

8. Total global production of fed fish and crustacean species
by major FAO species grouping,1980-2008

9. • Estimated that the total global production of commercial aquaculture feeds
was 29.2 million tonnes in 2008, including:
 Carp feeds - 9.1 million tonnes, or 31.3 percent total
 Marine shrimp feeds -5.1 million tonnes, or 17.3 percent
 Tilapia feeds -3.9 million tonnes, or 13.5 percent
 Catfish feeds -2.9 million tonnes, or 10.0 percent
 Marine fish feeds -2.4 million tonnes, or 8.3 percent
 Salmon feeds -2.0 million tonnes, or 7.0 percent
 Freshwater crustacean feeds -1.3 million tonnes, or 4.5 percent
 Trout feeds -880 000 tonnes, or 3.0 percent
 Milkfish feeds -568 000 tonnes, or 2.0 percent
 Eel feeds -403 000 tonnes, or 1.4 percent
 Miscellaneous freshwater fish feeds - 480 000 tonnes, or 1.6 percent

11. • Fish meal
1. Marine shrimp – 27.2%
2. Marine fish – 18.8 %
3. Salmons-13.7%
4. Fed carp – 7.4%
5. Freshwater crustaceans -6.4%
6. Trouts - 5.9%
7. Catfishes – 5.5%
8. Tilapia – 5.3%
9. Eels -5.2%e
10.Freshwater fishes - 3.9%
11.Milkfish – 0.8%
• fish oil
1. Marine shrimp – 12.9%
2. Marine fish – 24.7 %
3. Salmons-36.6%
4. Fed carp – 0.0%
5. Freshwater crustaceans -2.6%
6. Trouts - 16.9%
7. Catfishes – 0.0%
8. Tilapia – 0.0%
9. Eels -2.6%
10.Freshwater fishes - 3.1%
11.Milkfish – 0.7%
(FAO-2012)

12. • Source – FAO 2012

13. • Source- FAO 2012

16. Fish meal is the major protein source in aqua
feeds
The total use of fishmeal by the aquaculture
sector is expected to decrease in the long term.
The price of fish meal increased significantly to
over US$ 1600 per metric ton in 2012 (FAO,
2012).
Urgent need to find alternative protein sources to
make up for the shortage of fish meal
Alternatives for replacing fish meal

17. Protein
sources
Animal
nutrient
sources
Plant
nutrient
sources
Microbial
nutrient
sources

18. Aquatic
Fish silage
Crustacean meals
Zooplankton meals and
oils
Aquatic weeds
Terrestrial
Meat by-product
meals and fats
Poultry by-product
meal,
Blood meals
Earthworm mill

19. Oilcake
and meals
soybean , corn
gluten
rapeseed/canola,
cottonseed
,sunflower seed,
groundnut/peanut ,
mustard oil
cake,lupin kernel
meal broad bean
meal
Cereal
products
Rice,
wheat,corn
,sorghum,
millets
Pulses and protein
concentrate meals
Peas ,
lupine

20. Total global production of cereals by commodity,1995-
2009

21. Top cereal producers countries by commodity,2009

22. Global production of
major plant oilseed crop
Global production of
major plant oilseed crop

23. Microbial-derived feed ingredient sources for aquafeed
include
Algae,
 Yeasts,
 Fungi,
Bacteria and/or mixed bacterial/microbial single-cell
protein sources.

25. Economical vibrant feed.
Use of conventional protein sources for
replacing fishmeal.
Research need.

26. • Reduce country dependence upon imported
feed ingredient sources
• Select feed ingredients that can be sustainably
produced and grow with the sector
• Minimize environmental and ecosystem
impact of feeds and feeding regimes
• Give special attention to small-scale farmers
using farm -made/semi-commercial aquafeeds