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- 1. CetgK o l g o t f t lkdD t rain n w d e u o I eine a e nr a BIS – 2012/ 01 Leipzig – Page 1 03/ http:/ l /od2.eu A Transparent Formalization of Text for Machines http://nlp2rdf.org Start: Jan 2009 Tentative End: Summer 2012 Sebastian Hellmann A S , U ivr äLipig KW n e it e z st L D Pee tt n . 0 .0 .2 1 . P g O 2 rsnaio 2 9 00 ae ht:/o 2 u t / d .e p l
- 2. BIS – 2012/ 01 Leipzig – Page 2 03/ http:/ l /od2.eu Overview Introduction of the touched areas Scientific Core Evaluation Plan
- 3. BIS – 2012/ 01 Leipzig – Page 3 03/ http:/ l /od2.eu The Semantic Gap
- 4. BIS – 2012/ 01 Leipzig – Page 4 03/ http:/ l /od2.eu The Semantic Gap Most problems occurred at the bottom Data integration is difficult, if the pivots are not well defined Questions (in order): What structure to use? What URIs to use? What is a String? How can we teach machines to understand Strings (Knowledge Representation)?
- 5. BIS – 2012/ 01 Leipzig – Page 5 03/ http:/ l /od2.eu Main question How can we formalize text in a way, which is: Transparent for machines Efficient for NLP Use Cases Consistent with the Web architecture
- 6. BIS – 2012/ 01 Leipzig – Page 6 03/ http:/ l /od2.eu Areas
- 7. BIS – 2012/ 01 Leipzig – Page 7 03/ http:/ l /od2.eu Preliminary definition The NLP Interchange Format (NIF) is an RDF/OWL-based format that aims to achieve interoperability between Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools, language resources and annotations. This definition is still limited to RDF and NLP and targets software integration via a common exchange format
- 8. BIS – 2012/ 01 Leipzig – Page 8 03/ http:/ l /od2.eu Scientific core
- 9. BIS – 2012/ 01 Leipzig – Page 9 03/ http:/ l /od2.eu Scientific core
- 10. BIS – 2012/ 01 Leipzig – Page 10 03/ http:/ l /od2.eu Scientific core Intransparent for machines
- 11. BIS – 2012/ 01 Leipzig – Page 11 03/ http:/ l /od2.eu Scientific core Universe of discourse is defined as the words over the alphabet of Unicode characters (Unicode Normal Form C), often called Σ* URI http://example.org/sample “The city Berlin is the capital of #offset_0_42 Germany.”
- 12. BIS – 2012/ 01 Leipzig – Page 12 03/ http:/ l /od2.eu Scientific core Universe of discourse is defined as the words over the alphabet of Unicode characters (Unicode Normal Form C), often called Σ* URI http://example.org/sample context “The city Berlin is the capital of #offset_0_42 isString Germany.” referenceContext http://example.org/sample isString “Germany” #offset_34_41
- 13. BIS – 2012/ 01 Leipzig – Page 13 03/ http:/ l /od2.eu Scientific core Define the notion of “Context” and formalize it in OWL: Context is similar to the German word “Betrachtungshorizont” In English maybe “inside context”, i.e. the text itself, which serves as a reference context for all included substrings. Definitely disjoint with groupings such as “Document”, because a “wider context” is needed for this. Example following...
- 14. BIS – 2012/ 01 Leipzig – Page 14 03/ http:/ l /od2.eu Scientific core
- 15. BIS – 2012/ 01 Leipzig – Page 15 03/ http:/ l /od2.eu Scientific core Define the notion of “Context” and formalize it in OWL: Context is similar to the German word “Betrachtungshorizont” In English maybe “inside context”, i.e. the text itself, which serves as a reference context for all included substrings. Definitely disjoint with groupings such as “Document”, because a “wider context” is needed for this.
- 16. BIS – 2012/ 01 Leipzig – Page 16 03/ http:/ l /od2.eu Scientific Core Goal is to research some of the implications, ... but I might not be able to finish it, completely. In scope: Property “contextString” is inverse-functional, which means that machines can infer automatically that the same context occurs in different documents. Show consistency with ambiguity Define metrics that compare contexts Formalize the interpretation function Show interoperability with internal models of all major NLP frameworks (Partial) compatibility with the WWW and the GGG
- 17. BIS – 2012/ 01 Leipzig – Page 17 03/ http:/ l /od2.eu Scientific Core Out of scope: Transition between contexts: Do statements from a smaller context hold in a broader context Incorporate all layers of NLP (Stack). Limited to POS tags and Entity Recognition Fill all the question marks in the Venn diagram
- 18. BIS – 2012/ 01 Leipzig – Page 18 03/ http:/ l /od2.eu Areas
- 19. BIS – 2012/ 01 Leipzig – Page 19 03/ http:/ l /od2.eu Linguistic Linked Open Data Cloud
- 20. BIS – 2012/ 01 Leipzig – Page 20 03/ http:/ l /od2.eu Developers study
- 21. BIS – 2012/ 01 Leipzig – Page 21 03/ http:/ l /od2.eu Areas
- 22. BIS – 2012/ 01 Leipzig – Page 22 03/ http:/ l /od2.eu Evaluation Compare to other models in NLP: Size (RDF vs. XML) , performance, expressivity Is NIF easy to understand and implement? Developers study, release of the specification had quite an impact, people started to create extensions and use the format. 50 people on the mailing list. How to evaluate Web Service integration or consistency with web architecture. If the way strings are represented is transparent and formalized, do I need to do experimental evaluation to show benefits?
- 23. BIS – 2012/ 01 Leipzig – Page 23 03/ http:/ l /od2.eu Q&A Thank you for your attention Standing on the shoulders of giants