This document summarizes the yarn manufacturing process. It discusses the key textile raw materials used which include cellulosic, protein, synthetic, mineral and organic fibers. The properties required for spinning fibers into yarns are described. The manufacturing stages are then outlined which include blowroom, carding, drawing, roving, ring frame, and combing. Each stage is defined along with its functions such as opening, cleaning, blending, drafting and twisting fibers to produce yarns of different sizes, textures and characteristics for various fabric end uses.

2. Yarn Manufacturing

3.  Textile refers to any material made of
interlacing fibers; hence textile raw
materials are those fibers capable of being
converted into yarns and fabrics
FIBER YARN FABRIC

4.  Cellulosic fiber: Cotton, Bast fibers, Leaf fibers,
Coir, Kapok
 Protein fiber: Silk, Wool, Mohair, Cashmere,
Camel hair
 Synthetic fiber: Nylon, Nomex, Kevlar,
Polyester, Acrylic
 Mineral and Organic fiber: Glass, Metallic
fiber and Carbon fiber

5.  Length: must be several hundred times the width, to gives
the necessary flexibility which enables them to be spun into
yarns.
 Tenacity or strength: to withstand the stresses during
spinning and weaving.
 Elongation: specified as percentage of starting point and it
is importance since textile product without elasticity would
hardly be usable.
 Uniformity: fibers should have the same length, width and
flexibility to produce even yarns

6.  Yarn is a generic term for a continuous strand of
textile fibers, filaments or material in a form
suitable for knitting, weaving or braiding to form
textile fabric.
 Yarns can be produces in different sizes and texture,
and also vary in other characteristics. Performance
and end use of the fabrics are affected by these yarn
characteristics.

7. BLOWROOM
CARDING
DRAWING
ROVING
RING FRAME
COMBING

8.  first step of cotton yarn
production
 for opening, cleaning and
dust removal, blending, and
prepared for carding process.
CARDING
DRAWING
ROVING
RING FRAME
COMBING
BLOWROOM

9. FUNCTIONS:
 Opening to the individual fibers.
 Elimination of impurities
 Elimination of dusk
 Disentangling of neps
 Elimination of short fibers
 Fiber blending
 Fiber orientation
 Sliver formation
CARDING
DRAWING
ROVING
RING FRAME
COMBING
BLOWROOM

10. Main Parts:
1. Taker in - to open flocks out of
the feed batt, to lead them to
the dirt-eliminating parts under
the roller and to deliver them to
the main cylinder
2. Main cylinder - separate the
fibers, pull them into somewhat
parallel form.
3. Doffer - to take the individual
fibers from the main cylinder
and condense them to web
form

11. Functions:
 To improve evenness of the sliver
 To arrange fiber in parallel
 Blending
 Dust removal CARDING
DRAWING
ROVING
RING FRAME
COMBING
BLOWROOM
Drawframe has a series of rollers (drafting arrangement) which rotates
at different rates of speed.

12.  to upgrade the raw material by
removing the short fibers.
Combed yarn is stronger, more
uniform, has greater shine,
smoother and purer
 Functions:
 Eliminate short fibers
 Eliminate remaining impurities
 Eliminate neps
CARDING
DRAWING
ROVING
RING FRAME
COMBING
BLOWROOM

13. Functions:
 The attenuation of the sliver.
 Impart protective twist in order to
increase the strength of slivers.
 Winding of the roving into a
package that can be transported,
stored and used on the ring
spinning.
CARDING
DRAWING
ROVING
RING FRAME
COMBING
BLOWROOM

14.  Final step of producing yarn
 Functions:
 Attenuate the roving until required
fineness is achieved
 To impact strength to the fiber strand
by twisting it
 To wind up the resulting yarn in a
suitable for storage, transportation and
further processing

15. Thank you